Computer System - An Overview

Ch - 1Computer System –

An Overview

Introduction Computers, these days, have become an

essential part of our day-ta-day life. The word Computer is derived from Latin

word Computare, which means to Count or Compute. So the word Computer can be used for any device that can perform calculations.

It can also process various types user data and that too with 100% accuracy.

What is Computer?An electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals.

Input

Process

Output

Functioning of the Computer System

Input: Accepts data and instructions.Processing: Manipulates data as per

instructionsOutput: Produces desired

output/information.Storage: Stores data, instructions and

information.

Basic Structure

CPU

CU

ALU

OutputInput

Memory Unit

External Memory

Input UnitData and Instruction are entered in the computer systems with the help of input unit, which act like a link between user and computer. Different types of input units are used with the computer depending on the type of data or the format of the instructions to be given to the computer like keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, etc. It converts the data into the binary form and stores it into the main memory of the computer.

Processing UnitData in the computer is processed by the Central Processing Unit (CPU) which is also known as the brain of the computer. It mainly comprises of two units ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit) and CU (Control Unit). All types of data processing are carried out by the ALU whereas CU helps to control the flow of data in the system from one part to another.

Output UnitOnce the data is processed, the results are stored back into the main memory of the system which is received by the users on the output unit. The information stored in the binary form inside the computer is converted into the user readable form before it appears on the output unit. Commonly used output devices are VDU or monitor, printer, speaker, plotter, etc.

Storage UnitThis is also known as the memory unit where data and information are stored temporarily in binary form. This is the main memory of the system which is like a storage brain of the computer. It interacts directly with the CPU to provide the required data and instructions and to get back the processed information. It also interacts with the external memory for storing the information permanently and to retrieve the stored information in it.

Characteristics of Computer

Computers can perform highly complex tasks with great ease and accuracy which are difficult for human being to perform. Some are as follows: Speed Accuracy Diligence High Storage Capacity Versatility

Limitations of the Computer Zero IQ Lack of Decision Making Power No Learning Power

Applications of a ComputerComputers, nowadays are widely used in a variety of fields because of the advantages like quick processing and ability to process different types of data with an ease. Some of the major areas of computer applications are listed below: Business Research Education Communication Defence Medicines and Healthcares Entertainment Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM Simulation At Home

Convergence of TechnologiesTechnological convergence is the process by which existing technologies merge into new forms that bring together different types of media and applications. New devices and technology usually handle one medium or accomplish some basic tasks; through technological convergence, devices can interact with a wider array of media types. For example, a new type of media storage often require new players that only play that format. As the technology advances, however, new models might include additional features like the ability to interface with more devices or play other types of media.

LETS’S SUMMARIZE Computer is an electronic device which

converts raw data into useful information as per user’s instructions.

Computer works on the principle of Input – Process – Output, i.e., IPO cycle.

CPU is the main data processing unit also known as the brain of the computer.

ALU and CU are the main components of CPU.

THANK

YOU

Made by –Hitesh Singh

IX A 20