Computer Hardware Servicing

Computer Hardware Servicing

Basic Tools and Gadgets

Philip star screwPhilip flat screwRubber glovesDiagonal cutterLong noseSlide cutterPaint brushUn used eraser

Anti Static Wrist strap

Soldering ironDe-soldering suckerMulti testerCrimperLan testerCd or DVD installers

Computer Fundamentals

Computer - An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be

programmed with instructions - A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.

Hardware - The physical equipment of a computer system, including the central processing unit, data-storage devices, terminals and printers.

Software

- Written coded commands that tell a computer what tasks to perform. For example, Word, PhotoShop, Picture Easy, and PhotoDeluxe are software programs.

PC Fundamentals

Parts of The Personal Computer

Monitor

Keyboard

Mouse

System Unit

Floppy Disk Drive

CD ROM Drive

External MODEM

Scanner

PC Fundamentals

Other PC peripherals

AVR

Printer

PC External Sound Systems

Uninterruptable Power Supply

Pc Camera

Hardware Functions

System Unit

- The case that houses the processor, motherboard, internal hard- and floppy disks, power supply, and the expansion bus.

Monitor

- A peripheral device with a screen for the visual display of information. Mouse

- a computer pointing device used to select and point on a computer screen. Floppy Disk Drive

- A drive that reads from or writes to separate diskettes which the user inserts. Information is stored on the diskettes themselves, not on the drive.

CD ROM Drive

- A piece of hardware attached to a computer which allows it to read or play a Compact Disk.

Scanner- A device that reads a printed page and converts it into a graphics image for the computer.

Printer- A device that puts computer data onto paper.

External MODEM- A piece of hardware that lets a computer talk to another computer over a phone line.

Automatic Voltage Regulator- A device that regulates the amount of voltage needed for a certain device to function well.

PC external Sound Systems- A system of speakers and woofers to make an output of sound from the computer’s activity.

Hardware Functions

Internal PC Hardware

MotherboardRAM (random access memory)Micro ProcessorHDD (hard disk drive)Video cardEthernet cardInternal modemFDD (floppy disk drive)CD-ROM/DVD-ROMHeat sinkPower supply

Parts of the Motherboard

Microprocessor socket

Southbridgechipset

Northbridge

CMOS Battery

Memory slots

ROM Chip

Expansion slots

ATX PowerConnector

IDE Socket

FDD Socket

AGP Slot

System Panel Connector

USB Panel

Parts of the Motherboard

ROM chip- The chip or IC which contains and stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer and BIOS.

AGP Slot- Accelerated Graphics Port supports - a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.Read more:

Expansion Slot- A socket on the motherboard that accepts an expansion card. * PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect is a high-speed connection for devices including modems, sound cards, LAN cards etc

Motherboard Parts

FDD Connector/Socket

- A socket for Floppy Disk Drive cable connector or interface. Southbridge

- is the chip that controls all of the computers I/O functions, such as USB, audio, serial, the system BIOS, the ISA bus, the interrupt controller and the IDE channels. In other words, all of the functions of a processor except memory, PCI and AGP. They do not normally come with a heat sink.

Northbridge

- a Chip that connects to a CPU to memory, the PCI bus, Level 2 cache and AGP activities. The Northbridge chips communicate with the CPU through the FSB.

Motherboard Parts

System Panel Connector

- This connector accommodates several front panel functions

a. System Power LED

b. HDD Activity

c. ATX Power Switch

d. Reset Switch IDE Connector Socket (Intelligent Drive Electronics or Integrated Drive Electronics)

- A socket for IDE Cable connector/interface ATX Power Connector Socket

- A socket for the ATX Power Supply Cable Connector Memory Slots

- A space to place the memory modules or RAM

Motherboard Parts

Microprocessor Socket

-CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical component that provides mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This allows the CPU to be replaced without soldering.

CMOS Battery

- CMOS & Clock Backup batteries perform the same function in desktop and laptop computers: when the computer is turned off, the battery maintains the time and date, thus insuring their accuracy when the system is once again restarted. More importantly, the battery saves the computers BIOS setup configuration, which allows the system to efficiently reboot once it is restarted.

Motherboard Parts

Motherboard Diagram

Motherboard Rear Panel

Microprocessor- The heart of any normal computer, it is where software are executed,

whether it’s a desktop machine, server or laptop.

Two Common Types of Processors- PGA (pin grid array)- a feature of a CPU socket where the pins are aligned in uniform rows

around the socket, pins on the underside of the processor are inserted into the socket.

Microprocessor

LGA (Land Grid Array)- The land grid array (LGA) is a physical interface for microprocessors of

the Intel Pentium 4 and AMD Opteron families, there are no pins on the chip; in place of the pins are pads of bare gold-plated copper that touch pins on the motherboard.

Microprocessor Socket Types

Tab

Blank areas

SOCKET 775 SOCKET AM2+ SOCKET 487

Memory - memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs (sequences of instructions) or data (e.g. program state information) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. Primary Memory

- is directly connected to the central processing unit of the computer, primary storage is also volatile, they lose the information when not powered.

a. RAM – Random Access Memory

b. ROM – Read Only Memory

Secondary Memory

- also known as external memory or auxiliary storage, The computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down—it is non-volatile.

a. Magnetic disk/storage

b. Optical disk

Memory - Optical disc storage is non-volatile and sequential access.

The following forms are currently in common use:

CD, CD-ROM, DVD: Read only storage, used for mass distribution of digital information (music, video, computer programs)

CD-R, DVD-R, DVD+R: Write once storage, used for tertiary and off-line storage

CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM: Slow write, fast read storage, used for tertiary and off-line storage

Random Access Memory- is a form of computer data storage, it takes the form of integrated circuits

that allow stored data to be accessed in any order These modules are installed in the RAM slots on the motherboard of your computer.

SIMM 30-pin (usually FPRAM) SIMM 72-pin (EDO RAM)

DIMM 168-pin (SDRAM)

DIMM 184-pin (DDR SDRAM)

Ram Types

Random Access Memory

Most Common DRAM used in PC’s are:

Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)

1. Single Data Rate (SDR)

2. Double data rate (DDR)

Hard Disk Drive

- a hard drive or hard disk drive is used to store operating system, software and data, non volatile storage disk size is currently measured in gigabytes for Workstations or terabytes for servers

Hard Disk Drive

IDE- (Intelligent Drive Electronics or Integrated Drive Electronics)

Hard Disk Drive

SATA – (Serial Advance Technology Attachment)

HDD Jumper Settings

BIOS

BIOS - stands for Basic Input/output System or Basic Integrated Operating System. BIOS refers to the software code run by a computer when first powered on. The primary function of BIOS is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can:

load, execute, control of the computer.

- This process is known as booting up.

Common keys to press when entering CMOS SETUP UTILITYDELETE

F2 (Function 2)

BIOS

CMOS Battery

- Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor- it provides power to CMOS chip, while the computer is turn off, the chip contains

system configuration, CMOS battery allows CMOS to preserve the settings

jumper

1. Shut down your computer and disconnect the power plug2. Now identify where the jumpers are located, then check

the present pin location and the location of the jumper on those pins to determine their default location. As an example, the default location on the above motherboard is to have the jumper across pins #1 and #2. Write it down!

3. Next, move the jumpers from the their default location (Example: from across pins #1 and #2 as above) and then place the jumper across pins #2 and #3. 4. Leave the jumper in place for 6 to 30 seconds and then

return it to its default location. 5. Now plug the power cord back in and restart the computer.

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