Computer Fundamentals IC3 Chapter 1 Computers and Computer Systems
Dec 27, 2015
List 5 Ways You Use Computers In Everyday Life
• Educational institutions use computers to enhance instruction in all disciplines and to provide online instructions
• Video game systems transport you to an imaginary world
• Using ATM’s, you can withdraw money from your bank account from almost any location in the world
List 5 Ways You Use Computers In Everyday Life (cont)
• On television and at the movies, you can see instant replays in sports or amazing special effects that take you to outer space
• Mobile computing, text messaging, e-mail, and online audio/video conferencing allow you to communicate with people at almost any location
Question 2
2. Computers have been around for more than ____ years and were developed in the late ____ and early 1950s. They were designed initially for use by the ____ and the _____.
• 60• 1940’s• Military• Government
Question 5
5. In 1980, Bill Gates worked with ____ to develop the ____ ____ ____ (DOS) for the IBM PC which became the PC of choice for businesses.
• IBM• Disk Operating System
Question 6
A computer is an ____ that receives data, ____ data, stores data, and ____ a result.
• Electronic Device • Processes• Produces
Question 10
10. ____ consists of the instructions or programs for controlling the computer.
• Software
Question 12
12. List the four steps (in order) for the information processing cycle:
Inputs Data, Processes Data, Stores Information and Data, Outputs Information
Question 13
• 13. Listed below are several parts of a computer. Next to each part, determine which function it performs. (I, P, S, O).
Keyboard _____ Monitor _____Mouse _____ Printer _____CPU _____ Flash Drive_____
Question 14
14. A computer performs only two operations:
• Arithmetic Computations
• Logical Operations (AND, OR, NOT)
Six Types of General Purpose Computers
1. Desktop and Notebook
2. Server - Used by small to medium sized companies and can support a few hundred users. (File Server {Network}, Database Server, Web Server)
3. Mobile Devices
Six Types of General Purpose Computers
4. Tablet PC5. Mainframe Computer - Used by large
companies, a large, expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users
6. Supercomputer - Fastest type, government agencies and large corporations used for specialized applications to process enormous amounts of data
Other Computer Devices
• Embedded Computers• Portable Music and Media Players• Calculators• Computer Game Systems• Electronic Book Readers
17. What is the CPU?
• Brains of the Computer. Contains millions of switches and pathways that help your computer make important decisions.
17. What is Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
• One of Two Parts of the CPU: Performs arithmetic computations and logical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). These determine what you appears on your screen.
17. What is the Control Unit?
• One of Two Parts of the CPU: The boss. Coordinates all of the processors activities.
20. Complete the Table
Term Abbreviation Number of Bytes
Kilobyte K or KB 1,024
Megabyte MB 1,048,576
Gigabyte GB 1,073,741,824
Terabyte TB 1,099,511,627,776
Question 21
21. _____ is found on the motherboard. The easiest way to remember memory is in terms of short term or long term memory.
• Memory
Question 22
22. Memory on the motherboard is ____. This is called RAM or ____.
• Short-Term
• Random Access Memory
Question 23
23. When a computer is turned off or loses power, whatever is stored in the RAM will ____.
• Disappear
Question 2424. Another type of memory you will find on the
motherboard is called ROM which stands for ____. This type of chip ___ that are needed for computer operations. A computer can _____ from a ROM chip, but it cannot write or store data on the chip.
• Read Only Memory• Stores Specific Instructions• Read
Question 25
25. Magnetic Storage Devices
• As disk rotates, it is read by an electromagnetic read/write head
• Data is stored by numbered tracks• Data is stored in a File Allocation Table (FAT)
Question 25 (cont)
25. Hard Disk
• Can be internal or external
• Data Access is Faster
• More Storage Space than removable Drives
Question 25 (cont)
25. Magnetic Tape
• Primarily used to back-up files • Come in a variety of shapes and sizes • Used to store large amounts of data – Process
is slow. Used as a back-up to a hard drive
Question 25 (cont)25. 3 ½ Inch disks or Zip Disks
• Coated with a Hard Plastic Case
• Limited storage Capacity
• Replaced now by USB storage devices
Question 25 (cont)25. Optical Storage Devices
• Use Laser technology to read and write
• Storage devices referred to as Discs
• CD’s and DVD’s are available in ROM, R, or RW format
Question 25 (cont)25. Solid State Storage Media
• Referred to as Removable Media
• Done completely electronically, no mechanical parts
• Used for cameras, PDA’s, music players, Flash Drives
Question 25 (cont)25. Network Drives
• Hard or Tape Drive stored located on a computer other than the user’s local system
• Connected to Network and shared by multiple users
• Can be accessed from any computer on the network