Computer data processing

Tô Văn Lâm – 20132223 – KSTN CNTT K58

Contents

Data What is DataWhat is differences between data and informationWhat types of Data

Computer Data processing

What components of computer involved in data processingHow computer processing data

Data processing

What is Data processingWhat is six stages of the Data Processing CycleWhat types of Data processing

DataData is a collection of facts & figures, such as values or measurements.

The data is the raw material to be processed by a computer.

Data versus Information

DataSubject Point

• A• B• F

InformationPass Subject

• Yes• Yes• No

When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them meaningful or useful, they are called information

Differences in Meaning

Data InformationA collection of facts represented of represented in the form of note, letters words

A collection of data which conveys some meaningful idea is information. It may provide answers to questions like who, which, when, why, what, and how.

- The raw input is data and it has no significance when it exists in that form. When data is collated or organized into something meaningful, it gains significance.

- This meaningful organization is information.

Type of Data

Numeric Data

Character Data

Numeric Data

The data which is represented in the form of numbers is known as Numeric Data.

This includes 0-9 digits, a decimal point (.), +, /, – sign and the letters “E” or “D”.

binary number

•0, 1, 1010 …

decimal number

•1, 2, 3, 4, 5…

hexadecimal number:

•1A, E3, F4…

Character DataString Data

• Alphabetic Data : a to z

• Alphanumeric Data : a to z & decimal numbers or space

Graphic Data

• Pictures• Charts• Maps

Character Data

Data processing cycle

Data processing cycle

Collection

Preparation

Input

Processing

Output

Storage Six stages of the Data Processing

Cycle

- Data processing is simply the conversion of raw data to meaningful information through a process. - The data is processed again and again until the accurate result is achieved.

Input Input is the task where verified data is coded or

converted into machine readable form so that it can be processed through a computer

Coding

Verification

Storing

Processing

Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it contains the program code and its current activity.

classifying,

Processing


classifying, sorting,

Processing


classifying, sorting, calculating,

Processing


classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing,

Processing


classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing, comparing

Output Output is presented to users in various report formats

like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Text


like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Text Graphics


like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Text Graphics Audio


like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Text Graphics Audio Video

Storage

Storage is a location which data, instruction and information are held for future use.

Every computer uses storage to hold system software and application software.

A storage medium, also called secondary storage is the physical material in the computer that keeps data, instruction and information.

Types of Data Processing

MDP

EDP Real time Processing

Bath Processing

Manual Data Processing

The process of data entry implies many opportunities for errors, such as

Delays in data capture, A high amount of operator misprints, High labor costs from the amount of manual

labor required etc.

Types of Data Processing

MDP

EDP Real time Processing

Bath Processing

Electronic data processing

Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data.

Computer can help: Accuracy 1 1 10



Computer can help: Accuracy Speed



Computer can help: Accuracy Speed Consistency



Computer can help: Accuracy Speed Consistency Storage capacity



Computer can help: Accuracy Speed Consistency Storage capacity Automation

Computer data processing

Computer data processing

The eleven data of processing operations in a computer are : recording verifying duplicating classifying sorting calculating summarizing and reporting merging storing retrieving feedback.

The components involved data processing Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Computer Memory (RAM and ROM) Data bus Ports Motherboard Hard disk Output Devices Input Devices

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Arithmetic Logical Unit

(ALU)•Arithmetic operations – performing calculations, which include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division•Comparison operations – comparing data items to determine if the first item is greater than, equal to, or less than the other item•Logical operations – working with conditions and logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT

Control Unit (CU)

•fetching the instruction or data item from memory, •decoding the instruction into commands the computer understands•executing the commands, and, if necessary•storing, or writing the result to memory








Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)

When the computer is doing any job, the data that have to be processed are stored in the primary memory

The following terms related to memory of a computer are discussed below:

Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) Programmable read-only memory (PROM) Cache Memory Registers

Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)

Input Devices

Keyboard: The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the type QWERTY

Mouse: . It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top

Scanner: Scanner is an optical device that can input any graphical matter and display it back

Input Devices

Output Devices Visual Display Unit: It is also called the

monitor. Speaker: Printer: It is an important output device which

can be used to get a printed copy of the processed text or result on paper.

Output Devices

Computer Processing Operations

A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers to carry out the various data processing activities we have just discussed.



Input / Output operations



Input / Output operations Calculation and text manipulation Operations



Input / Output operations Calculation and text manipulation Operations Logic/Comparison Operations



Input / Output operations Calculation and text manipulation Operations Logic/Comparison Operations Storage and Retrieval Operations

How CPU Work ?

Motherboard

controlbus

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enableCPU controlbus

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enableCPU controlbus

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

256BYTES

set enable

dataaddress

CPU

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

256BYTES

set enable

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

CPU

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

…

00100001

00001001

01110000

00001111

11110001

01010010

11100001

01111011

00011000

01000111

…

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

00100001

00001001

01110000

00001111

11110001

01010010

11100001

01111011

00011000

01000111

…

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100001

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100001

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

address

01100001 00100001

data

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100001 00100001

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100010

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100010

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100010 00001001

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100010 00001001

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100011

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100011

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100011 01110000

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100011 01110000

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100100CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

address

01100100 00001111

data

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

address

01100100 00001111

data

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

01100100 00001111CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

controlbus

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

00100001

00001001

01110000

00001111

11110001

01010010

11100001

01111011

00011000

01000111

…

CPU

256BYTES

…

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

Instruction

00001001

Instruction

00001111

Instruction

Instruction

11100001

Instruction

00011000

01000111

…

controlbus

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

Instruction

NumberInstruction

00001111

Instruction

Instruction

11100001

Instruction

00011000

01000111

…

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

Instruction

NumberInstruction

AddressInstruction

Instruction

AddressInstruction

Address01000111

…

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

Instruction

NumberInstruction

AddressInstruction

Instruction

AddressInstruction

AddressLetter

…

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

Instruction

NumberInstruction

AddressInstruction

Instruction

AddressInstruction

Address01100001

…

a

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

Instruction

NumberInstruction

AddressInstruction

Instruction

AddressInstruction

Address01000111

…

G

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

Instruction

NumberInstruction

AddressInstruction

Instruction

AddressInstruction

AddressLetter

…

CPU

256BYTES

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM

set enable

dataaddress

controlbus

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

00100001

00001001

01110000

00001111

11110001

01010010

11100001

01111011

00011000

01000111

…

CPU

256BYTES

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM

256BYTESset

enable

data

address

…

00100001

00001001

01110000

00001111

11110001

01010010

11100001

01111011

00011000

01000111

…

CPU

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enablecontrolbus

RAM256BYTESset

enable

data

address …

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

00100001

00001001

01110000

00001111

11110001

01010010

11100001

01111011

00011000

01000111

…

CPU

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM256

BYTESset

enable

data

addresscontrol

bus

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

…

00100001

00001001

01110000

00001111

11110001

01010010

11100001

01111011

00011000

01000111

…

CPU

…

01100001

01100010

01100011

01100100

01100101

01100110

01100111

01101000

01101001

01101010

…

Motherboard

addressbus

databus

RAMsocket

set

enable

RAM256

BYTESset

enable

data

addresscontrol

bus

…

00100001

00001001

01110000

00001111

11110001

01010010

11100001

01111011

00011000

01000111

…

CPU

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