Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 2 CHAPTER 1 Computer Basics Section A PARSONS/OJA Computer, Internet, and Network Basics
Computer Concepts 5th EditionParsons/Oja
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CHAPTER
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Computer Basics Section A
PARSONS/OJA
Computer, Internet, and Network Basics
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Chapter
1Chapter PREVIEW
Computer, Internet, and Network Basics
After this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the functions of a computer system Identify the components of a personal
computer system Describe operating systems Describe Internet communications and basic
features Explain how an e-mail system works
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(1) accepts data as input, (2) processes data, (3) stores data, 4) produces output
What are the functions of a computer system?
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Input Input provides data for the computing system
Words in a document Numbers for a calculation Pictures
Automation Scanners EDI
• Reduce errors
• Fast
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Input Voice Recognition
Problems• Training software
• Clear and precise enunciation
• Background noise
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Processing Processing is the way that a computer
manipulates data performing calculations sorting lists and numbers drawing graphs
A computer processes data in a device called the central processing unit (CPU)
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Data, Information, and Files
Data is defined as the symbols, raw facts or figures that represent people, events, things and ideas
Information is data that is presented in a format people can understand and use
Computers store data in digital format as a series of 1s and 0s. Each 1 or 0 is called a bit Eight bits is called a byte
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Output Computer output is the results produced by the
computer reports documents music graphs pictures
An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing
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Storage A computer stores data so that it will be available
for processing Memory is an area of a computer that holds data
that is waiting to be processed and for later use Temporary
Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis
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What’s so significant about a computer’s ability to store instructions?
A stored program means that a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer’s memory
This concept allows you to use your computer for multiple tasks over and over again
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A computer stores data in files, right?
A file is a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium
A data file contains data such as the text for a document Generally what you create
An executable file contains the programs or instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task
A filename extension describes a file’s contents EXE GIF
Back-up of computer files
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What is a personal computer system?
A personal computer system consists of the following: Computer system unit Display device Keyboard Mouse Floppy disk drive Hard disk drive
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What is a personal computer system?
CD-ROM or DVD drive / CD-writer Sound card and speakers Modem Printer
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What is a personal computer system?
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What is a peripheral device?
A peripheral device designates equipment that might be added to a computer to enhance its functionality Printer Digital camera Scanner Joystick
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Application Software and Operating Systems Basics
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What is application software?
Application software is a set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task Create, edit, and print documents Manage money accounts Create and edit home movies
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Is an operating system some type of application software?
An operating system is essentially the master controller for all activities that take place within a computer Acts as a “go between” for application
software and hardware Why you know the name Bill Gates Does this give Microsoft an advantage in
developing application software???
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What are the most popular operating systems?
Microsoft Windows Microsoft Antitrust case
Microsoft required computer makers to install Internet Explorer if they wanted to use Windows 95
• Designed to eliminate Netscape Navigator??
Federal judge ruled Microsoft was a monopoly and was abusing this power
Thankfully (for Microsoft) Bush was elected President and settlement was negotiated
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What are the most popular operating systems?
Mac OS Why you can’t run application software
designed for Windows on a Mac Linux
Free operating system• Stable
• Uses hardware efficiently
• Threat to Microsoft’s stranglehold on operating systems?
Unix
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How does an operating system affect compatibility?
Two of the most important factors that influence compatibility and define a computer’s platform are the microprocessor and the operating system Wintel
• Intel is the dominant force in microprocessors
• Windows is the primary operating system
• As a result, Microsoft and Intel have an extraordinary amount of clout in the computer industry
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How does the Internet work?
The Internet is an international computer network linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks
Developed from a military project to “harden” data communications infrastructure
Discussed further in Chapter 5
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Where is all of the Internet data stored?
It is estimated that the Internet provides access to more data than is stored in all the academic research libraries in the U. S.
Most of the information is stored on servers which are owned and maintained by government agencies, corporations, small businesses, schools, organizations, and even individuals
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What is the Web?
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - the Internet address of a document on a computer begin with http://
HTTP: protocol that allows Web browsers to communicate with Web servers
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What is a browser?
Web browsers: software for accessing many types of servers Internet Explorer Netscape
• Application software or system software? A browser retrieves and displays web pages HTML: commands controlling the display of the
web pages
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Exactly what does a browser do?
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Internet Service Providers
What’s an ISP? An ISP: provides Internet access to businesses,
organizations, and individuals Local ISP: Consolidated Communications National ISP: AOL, MSN
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User ID’s and Passwords
A user ID: characters that becomes a person’s unique identifier
A password: is a different series of characters that verifies your identity
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Passwords
What not to use any form of any name any or part of your user id phone number, birthday or anniversary license plate, social security or any number any word less than six characters
• software to crack passwords
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Passwords
What to use easy to remember at least six characters can be typed quickly combination of letters, numbers, symbols
• 3nu$7%
Computer Concepts 5th EditionParsons/Oja
Passwords
Creating easy and secure passwords an acronym, e.g. IlBUS1950! the first letters and numbers of a sentence.
• ImtTi1978.
• I moved to Texas in 1978. choose two short words and combine them
with a punctuation character• eiu+cold
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Passwords
Don’t… write it down check “Remember my password” use simple reminders
Do… Change your password every two months Create different passwords for different types of
accounts• Low security: WebCT• High security: Online banking
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What sort of resources does the Internet provide?
Web Sites Search engines E-commerce: Chapter 6 E-mail Chat groups and instant messaging Internet telephony Broadcasting
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What sort of resources does the Internet provide?
Web Sites –corporations, stores, magazines, and more
Domain names www.ford.com Not incredibly expensive
First come, first served www.isu.edu mcgradyproperties.com
Cybersquatting McDonalds.com Lawsuits
• Reynolds.com
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Search engines
Search engines
Individual Meta
Searches
Limit searches to improve relevanceChicago Bears
“ChicagoCubs”
“Chicago Cubs”, + losers
Database of web pages
Cardinals, + winners
Computer Concepts 5th EditionParsons/Oja
Search engines
Search engines
Individual Meta
Database of web pages
Spiders (bots) crawl through links
Index words on public web pages
Web page owners can submit pages
Searching index, not all of web!!
Searches
Some web page owners pay to have their pages shown
when you search for “commercial” topics
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How do I use a form to find information?
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Search engines
Search engines
Individual Meta
Database of web pages
google.com
Multiple search engines
dogpile.com
Topic Directory
Hierarchy of topics
yahoo.com
Only 60% overlap in search engine content
When should you use Yahoo instead
of a search engine??
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What sort of resources does the Internet provide?
Chat groups and instant messaging – interaction between users in real time
Internet telephony – telephone-style conversations
Broadcasting – multicasting technology
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How do POP and SMTP work?
POP server –stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your computer
Using POP mail requires e-mail client software such as Microsoft Outlook
Outgoing mail is routed by an SMTP server
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Sending E-mail
cc:
bcc:
Use bcc: to quickly send messages to
multiple “significant others”???
Computer Concepts 5th EditionParsons/Oja
Responding to E-mail
Forward
Reply
Reply All
Responding to group messages
If you reply to a message from
the class listserv (the class e-mail list), who will receive your
reply???
Computer Concepts 5th EditionParsons/Oja
Managing E-mail
Move messages from your In-Box
Use folders
Delete messages you don’t move
Empty trash
Storage limits
Should you keep 472
messages in your In Box???
Computer Concepts 5th EditionParsons/Oja
Managing E-mail
Spam
Unsolicited commercial e-mail to multiple recipients
Unsubscribe??
Block Sender/Filters?? (BUS 1950)
Get a junk e-mail account
Should you respond to junk mail messages to unsubscribe from mailing
lists???
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E-mail privacy
Sending electronic postcard
Some employers monitor e-mail
Plaintiffs attorneys love e-mail
Prosecuting attorneys love e-mail
Should employers
monitor e-mail messages of
their employees??
? DonnelleysArcola
Microsoft Merrill Lynch
Bank of America