COMPUTER Presented by Bob Behm
May 20, 2015
2. Basic Computer Components
CPU (motherboard), Power Supply, Main Memory (RAM), Hard Drive,
CD/DVD, Keyboard, Monitor, External Hard Drives, Printer, Scanner,
Etc.
3. How these Components Work Together
Bus
Human interface Devices Mouse, Keyboard,
Touch Screen,
Scanner
Monitor,
Printer
Bus
Hard drive, CD/DVD,
Floppy Drive, Zip Drive, Flash Memory
4. An inside view the Motherboard
Card Slots Sound, Network, Modem, Video. Etc.
Processor Slot
Memory Card Slots
5. An inside view Hard Drive & Bus cables
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
6. An inside view Hard Drive
7. CPU Central Processing Unit works with memory to execute
arithmetic and logic processes
User hits the # 2 key -
then enter
Output # 4 displays on the screen
The performance of the CPU is dependant on both its speed and
memory
8. 1.66GHz vs 2.8GHz..whats a GHz?
One GHz represents 1 billion cycles per second. The speed of
microprocessors, called the clock speed, often is measured in
gigahertz. For example, a microprocessor that runs at 200 GHz
executes 200 billion cycles per second. Each computer instruction
requires a fixed number of cycles, so the clock speed determines
how many instructions per second the microprocessor can execute. To
a large degree, this controls how powerful the microprocessor
is.
9. Primary memory
The performance of a computer is also dependent on the amount of
Primary (Main) Memory Random Access Memory (RAM) available. This
memory temporarily stores information so that its readily available
to the CPU. This includes the program(s) being executed and
required data. If this memory is limited or slow this will slow
down the computers ability to process information.
10. How does memory work?
Physically computer memory is made up of transistors &
capacitors - the only information they store is a magnetic charges
(high & low) represented by a 0 or 1. Computer scientists
combine a series of these transistor states to represent
information - They turn information into a binary format so it can
be easily stored as magnetic charges.
11. How is Information Stored in Memory?
All data is represented by a string of 0s and 1s. Integers, Real
Numbers, and characters are stored this way. They all are converted
to a string of 0s and 1s in different ways. Integers are their base
2 equivalent Characters are converted via some standard (ASCII,
Unicode, etc.) All information is translated by a set of
instructions into this format and then processed.
12. Measuring memory
Each 0,1- is called a bit 1 Byte is 8 bits 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 210
bytes (1111111111) 1000 bytes = 1x103 bytes 1 Megabyte (MB) = 220
bytes 1,000,000 bytes = 1x106 bytes 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 230 bytes
1,000,000,000 bytes = 1x109 bytes 1 MB of memory can hold
approximately 500 pages of text.
13. SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM...
SRAM
Staic Random Access Memory doesnt need to be refreshed but like all
RAM, is erased when the power is OFF
CPU
5-10x
slower
DRAM (Dynamic RAM) is a type that is constantly refreshed or will
loose its contents.
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM) designed to work with the CPU to
work faster than DRAM.
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM) works twice as fast as
SDRAM
14. So how much memory do I need?
It will depend on the type of computer you have
older systems are not always compatible with newer memory
types.
Sometimes too much memory can cause problems with Windows.
It will depend on the applications you wish to run
Graphic and video applications require much more memory than simple
word processing.
Do you wish to have many applications running simultaneously?
15. Saving Data
To save data for later use we can store data on Secondary
(Auxiliary) Memory devices.
Hard Drive - MB, GB and TB sizes
(Auxiliary) Memory is cheaper/slower than Primary Memory but is not
erased when the Power Supply is OFF.
CD 700MB&DVD 4.7 GB
External Hard Drive-
MB, GB and TB sizes
Flash Drive or Thumb Drive
Up to 32GB
Floppy Disks 1.44MB
16. Hardware vs. Software
For computer hardware to work it must follow a set of instructions
that is supplied to it. These instructions or programs are referred
to as software.
These instructions are referred to as the Operating System
Software, which control the basic input/output and memory
operations of the computer.
Application Software are programs that work with the operating
system to perform specific tasks.
17. System Software
Programs to control computer operations are called Operating
Systems (OS)
applications and transferring data loaded
into the main memory on startup
(booting)
Windows 7, Linux, Mac OS, IBM OS, etc.
18. Applications Software
Computer programs written to perform specific tasks. They work in
tandem with specific Operating Systems
19. Spreadsheets 20. Database Management Systems 21. Web Design Software 22. Internet Access & E-mail 23. Graphic Packages 24. Movie Makers