Computer Assignment[1]

8/2/2019 Computer Assignment[1]

1/15

Central Processing Unit

Computer application in business(BC 302)

Assignment # 3Submitted to

Mrs. Fatima SabirSubmitted by

BC11-113-Zeenat-e-zahra

BC11-116-Hafiza Aban Abid Qazi

BC11-121 Syeda Maryam Bukhari

3/1/2012


2/15

Basic Computer architecture

Different computers have

different architecture.

Basic Component

Three Basic essentialcomponent of every

computer are:

CPU

Memory Input/output devices

3/1/2012


3/15

Central processing unit

Brain of computer.

Main working area of

computer. Also called Microprocessor

Because it is use in

microcomputer.

In computer it is located onMotherboard.

3/1/2012


4/15

Microprocessor

3/1/2012


5/15

3/1/2012


6/15

Component of CPU

CPU

ALU MU CU

3/1/2012

Arithmetic&

logical unit

Memoryunit

Controlunit


7/15

3/1/2012


8/15

1. Arithmetic & Logical unit

Arithmetic unit

Perform arithmetic

operation or calculation on

given data.

These operation are simple

mathematic.

operations like:

/

Logic unit

Provide logical operations on given data.

It is actually apply some conditions on

data.

Usually provide three logical operations.

AND:

Compare two values and give true

answers if both values are true.

NOT:

It is circuit which converts 0 input to 1 and

vice versa

OR:

Compare two values and give true

answers if any one is true.

3/1/2012


9/15

2.Control unit

Control unit provides supervision to different parts ofcomputer.

It is calledNervous system

of computer.

Basically its doesnt workitself but it orders to other

parts of computer to dosome work.

It provides clockplusesmean it queue programs inan order to execute oncomputer

3/1/2012


10/15

3. Memory unit

CPU has its own memory called Memory unit.

Also name as registers

Few most commonly used registers of CPU are AX,BX,CXand DX.

It store repeated information for execution of differentprocedures.

Fastest storage area of computer because it is very easilyaccess.

Memory of CPU available in different size like: 16 bits*

32 bits

64 bits

3/1/2012


11/15

Classification of memory unit

Memory unit

RAM ROM

3/1/2012


12/15

3/1/2012


13/15

Random Access Memory

Characteristics

Uses for read/write operation

It is volatile memory mean

contents of memory is loss whenpower is off .

Non static behavior

It is easier to replace in a

computers.

It stores data in the form of 0sand 1s.

It has unique addresses to store

data.

classification

RAM is classified into furthertwo parts:

SRAM: Stand for Static RAM. It does not

need to refresh.

It contain more then one transistorsand capacitors so it have heavystoring capacity .

DRAM:

Stand for Dynamic RAM. It need to refresh.

It contain only one transistor andcapacitor so it have small storingcapacity.

3/1/2012


14/15

Random Access Memory

3/1/2012


15/15

Read Only Memory

It can perform only read operations as its name is show.

Non volatile memory mean contents of memory is not lost when power is off.

Data can be written on to it at the time of manufacturing.

They extensively used in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printer, whose fontsare often stores in ROMs.

Classified into 3 parts:1. PROM:

Stands for Programmable Read only memory.Allow user to store data onto it.User can write data by burning fuses onto it.

2. EPROM:

Stands for Electrically Programmable read only memory.

It allow user to erased data and new data can be written onto it only for some times.

Data can be written onto it by using high voltage.3. EEPROM:

Stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

It can erased already written data and write new data onto it by using high voltage.

It can erased data many times and new data write on ROM

3/1/2012

Computer Assignment[1]

Documents