COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT, PHASE-I, TELANGANA MAY 2018 WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking) 76 C, Sector 18, Gurgaon - 122015, Haryana, INDIA Tel. 0124 2397396, Fax. 0124 2397392 Email: [email protected]EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT
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COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR SITA RAMA LIFT
IRRIGATION PROJECT, PHASE-I, TELANGANA
MAY 2018
WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking)
Macrognathus, Pangasius hypothalamus etc are most common species in this region.
5. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
The impacts on various aspects of environment are briefly described in the following
sections.
5.1 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT
a) Construction Phase
Environmental degradation due to immigration of labour population
The peak labour and technical staff congregation would be of the order of 2,000 and 500
respectively. The population of construction labour, technical and other work force for
construction and related activities and service providers including their families is expected
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to be 10,000. The congregation of labour force is likely to create problems of sewage
disposal, solid waste management and felling of trees for meeting fuel requirements, etc.
Operation of construction equipment
During construction phase, various types of equipment will be brought to the site. These
include batching plant, earth movers, etc. The siting of this construction equipment would
require significant amount of space. In addition, land will be required for storage of various
construction materials as well. However, land for this purpose will be temporarily acquired,
i.e. for the duration of project construction phase i.e. 3 years.
Efforts shall be made that such facilities are located on government or panchayat land
only, so that hardships caused as a result of land acquisition, though temporarily on this
account are minimized to the extent possible.
Impacts due to Quarrying
The soil, stones and sand required for the construction of project and canals are
often mined and quarried from around the actual site. Such extraction can also have
adverse environmental impacts, especially by aggravating dust pollution, disturbing wildlife
and destroying vegetation. These impacts that can be prevented by ensuring that such
mining or quarrying are done in environmentally friendly manner and not close enough to
the dam to have a direct impact on it.
b) Operation Phase
Acquisition of land
The tentative total land required for various project components is of about 7401.67 ha.
About 1735.05 ha of revenue/government land and 3743.34 ha of private land is to be
acquired. In addition, about 1923.29 ha of forest land is to be acquired.
5.2 IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY
a) Construction Phase
Impacts due to sewage generation from labour camps
About 2,000 workers and 500 technical staff are likely to migrate during project
construction phase. The employment opportunities in the area are limited. Thus, during the
project construction phase, many of the locals may get employment. It has been observed
during construction phase of many of the projects, the major works are contracted out, and
who bring their own skilled labour. However, it is only in the unskilled category, that locals
get employment. The increase in the population is expected to be of the order of 10,000.
The total domestic water requirement of the labour population (including families) is
expected to be of the order of 0.70 mld @70 lpcd. It is assumed that about 80% of the
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water supplied will be generated as sewage. Thus, the total quantum of sewage generated
is expected to be of the order of 0.56 mld. The total BOD load contributed by various
labour camps/colonies will be about 450 kg/day. The sewage is likely to be generated from
3 to 4 labour camps. The disposal of sewage without treatment could lead to adverse
impacts on land environment or water environment on which the effluent from the labour
camps/colonies are likely to be disposed. In the present project, it is recommended that
the sewage generated from various labour camps be treated prior to its disposal.
Impacts due to runoff from construction sites
Substantial quantities of water would be used in the construction activities. With regards to
water quality, waste water from construction activities would mostly contain suspended
impurities. Adequate care should be taken so that excess suspended solids in the
wastewater are removed before these are disposed into water body or over land.
Effluent from crushers
The effluent from the crusher would contain high suspended solids, i.e. 3,000 to 4,000
mg/l. The effluent from crusher, if disposed without settling in settling tanks can lead to
increase in the turbidity levels in the receiving water bodies.
Effluent from Batching Plants
During construction phase, batching plants will be commissioned for production of
concrete. Effluent containing high suspended solids shall be generated during operation
and cleaning of batching plants. It is proposed to treat effluent before disposal to
ameliorate the adverse impacts likely to accrue on this account.
Effluent from Fabrication Units and Workshops
The fabrication units and workshops which shall be functional during construction phase
will generate effluents with high suspended solids and oil and grease level. It is proposed
to treat the effluent from fabrication units and workshops in a oil and grease separator unit
prior to disposal.
Sediment load causing pollution of water bodies
The excavation works for construction; drilling and blasting; quarrying activities;
construction of services and facilities is likely to generate unwanted demolishing wastes
during construction phase. Improper and unsustainable disposal and mishandling of such
loads may sediment and causing pollution to water bodies.
Pollution of land and water bodies in the project area
The generated spoils, trashes, construction related wastes, oil, paints and other chemicals
at different locations of the project area likely to pollute land and water bodies of the area
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during construction phase. The likely impact will be medium, site specific and medium
term.
Solid waste pollution and contamination of water bodies, sources of drinking water in and outside the project area The generation of different wastes generated from labour and office camps, shops, hotels
and lodges in the project area shall be another source of pollution in the area. It is
proposed to mitigate the same through implementation of specific solid waste
management measures.
b) Operation Phase
Impacts on downstream users
The total water requirement for irrigation of command of the proposed project is 65.55
TMC (1856 MCM). The water transfer is being done as per the state’s share and
downstream water requirements have been considered.
Impacts on waterlogging and soil salinity
The total water requirement during Kharif and Rabi seasons is 242.7 MCM over a total
water requirement is 1856 Mm3. The recharge of water loss on account of irrigation
system efficiency is estimated as 41% of utilization after accounting the 59% as overall
efficiency is considered. In crop water requirement, the percolation loss is assumed for
paddy only. Adopting 41% as ground water recharge, the depth of water being recharged
is 182 mm. The quantum of recharge is quite low to cause any water logging problem.
However, it could lead to increase in waterlogging conditions in pockets where
groundwater level is high and natural drainage is poor on account of low to moderate
slopes.
Changes in water quality due to increased use of fertilizers
With the introduction of irrigation, use of fertilizers is likely to increase, to maintain the
increased levels of production. The drainage system (natural or man-made) is likely to
contain much higher level of nutrients. The climatic conditions in the project area too is
suitable for the proliferation of eutrophication in the project area. Thus, in the project
operation phase, there will be increased probability of eutrophication in the water bodies
receiving agricultural runoff.
As a part of Environmental Management Plan, appropriate control measures have been
recommended.
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Impacts due to effluent from project colony
It is proposed to provide biological treatment facilities including secondary treatment units
for sewage so generated from these settlements. The BOD load after treatment will reduce
to 2 to 3 kg/day. Thus, with commissioning of facilities for sewage treatment, even the
marginal impacts on water quality of receiving water body are not anticipated.
5.3 IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
a) Construction Phase
Flora
As mentioned earlier, labour population is likely to congregate near various construction
sites. It can be assumed that the technical staff likely to congregate will be of higher
economic status and will live in a more urbanized habitat, and will not use wood as fuel.
However, workers and other population groups residing in the area may use fuel wood (if
no alternate fuel is provided) for whom firewood/coal depot could be provided.
Fauna
The project command has very little area under dense vegetation and the land use pattern
is mainly agriculture land interspersed with settlements. As a result of absence of forest or
vegetal cover in the command area and increased level of human interferences in the
area, wildlife is generally absent in the area.
b) Operation Phase
Impacts on vegetal cover
The total forest area to be acquired is 1923.29 ha. The tree density recorded at various
sites from 240-350 per ha. The number of tree species observed at various sites ranged
from 11 to 18. The dominant tree species in project area are Tamarindus indica,
Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Ficus bengalensis, etc. No Rare, Endangered or
Threatened floral species is reported from the area.
Impacts due to Irrigation
With the increase in irrigation intensity, vegetal cover is expected to improve significantly.
As a part of the project, it is proposed to develop plantation along the entire canal network.
This will compensate the loss of trees to some extent on account of acquisition of forest.
The introduction of irrigation in the area will increase the agriculture production of the area,
leading to the increased availability of fodder as a result of increased agricultural by
products and residues. The increased level of fodder availability would reduce the
presence on existing pasture and vegetal cover, which is a significant positive impact.
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Impacts on Wildlife
The area to be brought under irrigation within the command area is devoid of forests. The
project area is interspersed with settlements and agricultural land. In such settings large
scale faunal population is not observed. Thus, no significant impact on wildlife is
anticipated due to the project.
Impacts on Protected Areas
No wildlife Sanctuary or National Park is reported in the Study Area. Thus, protected areas
are likely to be affected due to the project.
Impacts due to Agriculture Activity
The increase in vegetal cover during project operation phase would improve the organic
content of the soils. As a result, microbial activity would improve, leading to increase in the
type and number of micro-organisms observed in the soils of the command area. This in
the long run is expected to improve the soil fertility.
Impacts on breeding ground of species
The proposed project is not likely to affect any area which is known as designated as
breeding ground for faunal species. Thus, no adverse impacts are anticipated on this
account.
Impacts on Rare, Endangered and Endemic species
The species reported in the project area are not listed in Schedule-I Category as per the
Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972). Thus, no impacts are anticipated on this account.
Impacts due to excavation of construction material from river bed
5.4 IMPACTS ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY
a) Construction phase
Impacts due to excavation of construction material from river bed
It is proposed to extract construction material from borrow areas in the river bed. The
extraction of construction material may affects the river water quality due to increase in the
turbidity levels. This is mainly because of the fact that dredged material gets released
during one or all the operations mentioned below:
Excavation of material from the river bed.
Loss of material during transport to the surface.
Overflow from the dredger while loading
Loss of material from the dredger during transportation.
If adequate precautions during dredging operations are not undertaken, then significant
adverse impacts on aquatic ecology are anticipated.
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Impacts due to discharge of sewage from labour camp/colony
The proposed project envisages construction of temporary and permanent residential
colonies to accommodate labour and staff engaged in the project. This would result in
emergence of domestic waste water which is usually discharged into the river. However, it
is proposed to commission appropriate units for treatment of domestic sewage before its
disposal in to the river.
Impacts on Tank & Pond Fisheries in Command Area
The proposed project would increase the water availability in the command area. As a
result, there will be increase in potential for tank and pond fisheries. Currently, within the
command area, tank and pond fisheries is in vogue. With the increased availability of
water the tank and fisheries potential would improve. The average fish production from
these tanks is about 0.5 tonnes/ha/yr. However, in the irrigation tanks and in intensively
cultured ponds, average fish yield is of the order of 1 to 2 tonnes/ha/yr. Thus, with
introduction of extensive pisci-culture, fish production is expected to increase significantly,
with a corresponding positive impacts on income levels.
5.5 IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT
a) Construction Phase
Noise due to construction equipment
In water resource projects, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected only during
the project construction phase, due to earth moving machinery, increased vehicular
movement, etc. will have some adverse impacts.
b) Operation Phase
In a water resources project, noise pollution occurs mainly during project construction
phase. During project operation phase, no major impacts are envisaged.
5.6 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY
a) Construction Phase
Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
The operation of various construction equipment requires combustion of fuel. Normally,
diesel is used in such equipment. The major pollutant which gets emitted as a result of
diesel combustion is SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash content in
diesel. The short-term increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are
operating at a common point, is quite low, i.e. of the order of less than 1g/m3. Hence, no
major impacts are anticipated on this account.
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Fugitive Emissions from various sources
During construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement. Lot of construction
material like sand, fine aggregate is stored at various sites, during the project construction
phase. Normally, due to blowing of winds, especially when the environment is dry, some of
the stored material can get entrained in the atmosphere. However, such impacts are
visible only in and around the storage sites. The impacts on this account are generally,
insignificant in nature.
Impacts due to vehicular movement
No major impacts on ambient air quality is anticipated due to increase in a vehicular
movement during construction phase.
b) Operation Phase
In a water resources project, air pollution occurs mainly during project construction phase.
During operation phase, no major impacts are envisaged.
5.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
a) Construction Phase
The project will open a large number of jobs to the local population. Job opportunities will
drastically improve in this area.
The availability of infrastructure is generally a problem during the initial construction
phase. Though the construction workers can be subsidized for certain facilities like health,
education, etc. The facilities of desired quality are often not made available in the initial
stages. The adequacy of water supply, sewage treatment, housing, etc. should therefore,
be ensured before commencement of work and adequate infrastructure is developed at
the very start of the project.
Impacts due to acquisition of land
The proposed project envisages acquisition of about 7401.67 ha of land. About 1735.05
ha of revenue/government land and 3743.34 ha of private land is to be acquired. In
addition, about 1923.29 ha of forest land is to be acquired. About 2472 families are likely
to lose land. No family is likely to lose homestead on this account.
Impacts due to increased water availability
The proposed project would lead to improve water supply in the command area, with
corresponding increase in water supply for various uses, namely, irrigation, domestic,
industrial, pisciculture, etc. The improvement in water supply will provide impetus to
urbanization and industrialization.
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5.8 INCREASED INCIDENCE OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES
a) Construction Phase
The construction phase of a water resources project, could lead to increased incidence of
various water-borne and vector-borne diseases, if adequate precautions or control
measures are not undertaken.
The scarcity of water in the houses and the absence of sanitary facilities in labour camps
could be responsible for increased prevalence of gastero-enteritis and other water-borne
diseases.
b) Operation Phase
Health risks include diseases hazards due to lack of sanitation, (lack of potable water,
inadequate human waste disposal facilities) and hazards due to local carriers. Mitigation
measures include provision of adequate sanitary health care and human waste disposal
facilities near the construction sites and labour camp.
With the increased water availability, quality of water being supplied is expected to
improve, leading to reduction in incidence of water-borne diseases. However, adequate
measures in the form of strict public health measures are required.
Impacts on Public Health
Health risks include diseases hazards due to lack of sanitation, (lack of potable water,
inadequate human waste disposal facilities) and hazards due to local carriers. Mitigation
measures include provision of adequate sanitary health care and human waste disposal
facilities near the construction sites and labour camp. Improvement in availability of water
for various uses, significantly improves public health in the project area.
Impacts on vector-borne diseases
A water resources development also has negative impacts, since; it could increase the
habitat of certain vectors like mosquitoes. Thus, poorly planned and managed water
resources projects could increase the prevalence of vector-borne diseases like malaria,
filariasis or dengue.
Impacts on water–borne diseases
The improvement in water supply for meeting domestic water requirements will go a long
way in reducing the incidence of water-borne diseases. With the increased water
availability, quality of water being supplied is expected to improve, leading to reduction in
incidence of water borne diseases. However, adequate measures in the form of strict
public health measures are required.
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Impacts on water washed diseases
The water washed diseases occur mainly due to scarcity of water and with the
improvement of water availability, the incidence of these diseases is reduces in a water
resources project. This impact is envisaged in the proposed project as well.
5.9 IMPACTS DUE TO COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT
Changes in Cropping Pattern
Existing Cropping Pattern
An Important crops grown in Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts
of Telangana are Paddy, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Redgram, Greengram, Blackgram,
*The Negotiated Rate is higher than Market rates alongwith Multiplication Factor plus hundred percent Solatium
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Table-5: Provisions for Rehabilitation Plan for families losing land
S. No
Description Unit Assumed Provision#
Cost (Rs. lakh)
1 Total Market Value of Project Affected Villages
ha (Refer Tables-4)
101605.284
2 Rural artisans / Self-employed
One-time financial assistance of a minimum of Rs. 25,000/- to each affected family of an artisan, small trader or self-employed person or an affected family which owned non-agricultural land or commercial, industrial or institutional structure in the affected area, and which has been involuntarily displaced from the affected area due to land acquisition
2472 2472 PAFs x Rs.25000/PAF
618.0
3 Choice of Annuity or Employment
a) At least one member per affected family
will be provided job (either in the project or
arrange for a job in such other project),
after providing suitable training and skill
development in the required field
Or b) Onetime payment of Rs. 500,000 per
affected family
Or c) Annuity policies that shall pay not less than
Rs. 2000 per month per family for 20
years, with appropriate indexation to the
Consumer Price Index for Agricultural
Labourers
2472 2472 PAFs x2000 x 12 x 20
11865.6
Total 114088.884
13. LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The following aspects have been covered under the Local Area Development Plan:
Educational Facilities
Health Care and Medical Facilities
Infrastructure Development
Economic Development
Social and Cultural Development
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A budget of 0.5% of the project cost has been earmarked for implementation of Local Area
Development Plan (LADP). The total project cost accounts for Rs.13384.80 crores say
1338480 lakh. The 0.5% of the total project cost accounts for Rs.66.924 crore.
Budget for LADP
An amount of Rs.6895.0 lakh or Rs. 68.95 crore is being made for implementation of the
LADP Activities. The details are shown in Table-6.
Table-6: Budget for implementation of Local Area Development Plan
S. No. Items Budget (Rs. lakh)
1 Construction/Up-gradation schools in Study Area 400.0
2 Scholarships to students in the Study Area 2920.0
3 Improvement of Public Health Facility 915.0
4. Construction of Community Toilets 2160.0
5. New Industrial Training Institute 500.0
Total 6895 lakh say Rs. 68.95 crore
14. COST FOR IMPLEMENTING MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SOCIAL ASPECTS
The total amount to be spent for implementation of Management Plan for Social Aspects is
Rs. 1210.44 crore. The details are given in Table-7.
Table-7: Cost for Implementing Social Management Plan
S. No. Item Cost (Rs.lakhs)
1. Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan 114088.884
2. Local Area Development Plan 6895.0
3. Monitoring and Evaluation Aspects 60.00
Total 121043.884
15. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
The summary of environmental monitoring programme during construction and operational
phase of the Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Phase-I project are given in Tables-8 and 9
respectively.
Table: 8: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Construction Phase
S. No. Particulars Parameters Frequency Location
1. Treated waste water from STPs
pH, BOD, COD, TSS and Oil & Grease
Once every month
Before and after treatment from the STPs at various labour camps
2. Ambient Air quality
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2
Once every season
At major construction sites
3. Noise Equivalent noise level (Leq)
Every month At major construction sites.
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S. No. Particulars Parameters Frequency Location
4. Water-related diseases
Identification of water related diseases, adequacy of local control and curative measure, etc.
Once every season
Labour camps and nearby settlements
Table: 9: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project Operation Phase
S. No. Particulars Parameters Frequency Location
1. Drinking water quality
pH, Turbidity,
Hardness,
Alkalinity,
Chlorides, Iron,
Nitrates and
Fluorides
Once every month
Various villages served with drinking water from the project
2. Erosion & Siltation
Soil erosion rates, stability of bank embankment, etc.
Twice a year (pre & post monsoon Season)
--
3. Ecology Status of afforestation programmes
Once in 5 years
--
4. Incidence of water-related diseases
Cause and control measures for various diseases.
Once in a year
Command area
5 Meteorological Parameters
Temperature, rainfall, humidity, cloud cover, wind speed and direction, Solar Insolation, Evaporation Rate
Continuous At a suitable in command area
15.1 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The total amount to be spent for implementation of Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) is Rs. 1307.0 crore. The details are given in Table-10.
Table-10: Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan
S. No. Item Cost (Rs. crore)
1. Compensatory Afforestation and Bio-diversity conservation 71.53
2. Environmental Management in labour camp 13.62
3. Public health delivery system 3.76
4. Restoration and Landscaping of construction sites 4.05
5. Greenbelt development 0.50
6. Air, Water and Noise Pollution Control Measures 1.15
7. Energy Conservation measures 0.50
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S. No. Item Cost (Rs. crore)
8. Public Awareness Programmes 0.50
9. Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan
1140.89
10. Local Area Development Plan
68.95
11. Monitoring & Evaluation of said Aspects 0.60
12. Environmental Monitoring during construction phase 0.78
13. Purchase of noise meter 0.015
14. Purchase of meteorological instruments 0.070
15. Water Quality Testing Kits 0.10
Total 1307.015, crore or Say 1307.0 crore
15.2 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
The cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme is of the
order of Rs.0.73 crore @ Rs.21.90 lakh / year. A 10% annual price increase may be
considered for every year. The construction period for estimation of cost for
implementation of Environmental Monitoring programme during construction phase has
been taken as 3 years. The details are given in Table-11.
The cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme in
operation .06/phase is of the order of Rs. 16.0 lakh/year. The details are given in Table-12.
Table-11: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during construction phase
S. No Item Cost (Rs. lakh/year)
Total cost for construction period of 3 years with 10% escalation per year (Rs. lakh)
1 Water quality 2.10 7.15
2
2 Ambient Air quality 4.80 15.9
3 Ecology 10.00 33.1
4. Incidence of water related diseases
5.00 16.6
Total 21.90 Rs. 72.75 lakh or Rs. 0.73 crore
Table-12: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during
operation phase
S. No Item Cost (Rs. lakh/year)
1 Water quality 1.0
2 Ecology 10.0
3 Incidence of water related diseases 5.0
Total 16.0
WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking)