Composites for Marine Applications

Composites for Marine Applications

Students Name:Hossein Najaf-zadehFahad AlkhalidiOmar Alhusainan

Over View of this presentation:Composite definition and applications of

composites in marine industryAdvantages of using composites in marineDifferent types of composites in marine

industryProse and cons of different type of

composites in marine industry

A combination of more than one material with resulting properties different from the components

A combination of two or more different materials. whose quality is superior than its constituents.

Composite materials can be used not only for structural applications, but also in electrical, thermal and various other applications.

What is a “Composite”?

Examples:Reinforced concreteWood (composite of Cellulose fibres in a matrix of lignin)Polymer composites

ship and boat building Improvement of materials Safe for passengers and crew However: combustible problem

Use of Composites in Marine Industry:

Structural Machinery Functional:Topside Superstructure

Piping Shafting overwraps

Doors Pumps HandrailsTanks Fans, blowers TablesLadders Diesel engines StairsHatches Motor housing Wash basins Control surfaces Heat exchanger Life railsMasts Gear cases Deck Grating

Applications of composite :

Approximately 1/3 of marine applications are now made of composites

Low maintenance requirements (low life-Cycle costs)

High specific material properties High geometric flexibility Good moisture stabilityWhy Not ? High Initial Cost Fire/smoke toxicity Environmental

Why Marine Composites?

Carbon Fibre Composites Glass Fibre Composites (GRP) Bamboo Structural Composites Fire-Safe Phenolic Composites Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites Wood plastic composite Marine Board

List of Composites used in Marine Application

Carbon fibers are usually combined with other materials to form a composite.

When combined with a plastic resin and wound or molded it forms carbon fiber reinforced plastic (often referred to as carbon fiber) which has a very high strength-to-weight ratio, and is extremely rigid although somewhat brittle.

Carbon Fibre Composites

Origins of Carbon Fibre CompositesCarbon fibre composites came of age in the aerospace industry. Their true worth was recognise many years ago when aerospace engineers saw the weight savings that could be made compared with traditional materials like metals.

Carbon fibers are classified by the tensile modulus of the fiber.

Clasification: "low modulus“ 34.8 million psi "standard modulus," "intermediate modulus," "high modulus," and "ultrahigh modulus: 72.5-145.0 million psi

Tensile Test

As a comparison, steel has a tensile modulus of about 29 million psi

The strongest carbon fiber is about five times stronger than steel.

First used in marine applications Revolutionised the marine industry All variety of boats and vessels can be

manufactured from GRP

Glass Fibre Composites (GRP)

Light weight. Extremely strong, Robust material. Strength properties are somewhat lower

than carbon fiber and it is less stiff. The material is typically far less brittle. Raw materials are much less expensive. compared to metals, its bulk strength and

weight properties are also very favourable it can be easily formed using molding

processes.

Mechanical properties of Fiber Glass (also called glass-reinforced plastic)

Environmental resistance, including freedom from rotting, corrosion, etc.

Ability to mould seamless, complex shaped structures

Ability to tailor strength to suit loading conditions

Excellent strength to weight characteristics - GRP marine structures generally half the weight of equivalent steel structures.

Low maintenance and ease of repair  Excellent durability

The main advantages of GRP for marine applications:

Bamboo laminates are made from bamboo strips, milled out from the bamboo wall core.

Bamboo is one of the fastest renewable plants with a maturity cycle of 3-4 years, thus making it a highly attractive resource compared to forest hardwoods

Bamboo offers good potential for processing it into composites as a substitute of solid wood for structural uses.

BAMBOO STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES

The Bamboo is suitable as material for construction because it is sufficiently:◦ Hard◦ Strong ◦ Dimensionally stable.

From a botanical point of view, bamboo is not wood but grass.

Many Bamboo species exist, but the one used in technological applications is the Phyllostachys Pubescens, which can reach up to 20 meters of height and a diameter of 18 cm.

bamboo composites exhibit excellent resistance to the marine environment and their applications could make good inroads in the marine sector worldwide.

There is an increased awareness worldwide

for the need to improve fire standards in areas of public risk such as transport to increase speed, efficiency and comfort.

Phenolic resins are well known for their excellent resistance to heat and combustion. However, it needs extreme processing conditions.

FIRE-SAFE PHENOLIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Manufacturing Processes of PHENOLIC COMPOSITE • Hand Lamination • Spray Deposition • Warm Press Moulding • Resin Transfer Moulding • Catalyst Cure • Thermal Cure • Vacuum Injection • Continuous Lamination • Resin Infusion (SCRIMP) • Syntactic Foam

New generation of phenolic resins :

Easy to process Give similar structural properties to other resins meet the most stringent international fire

standards fast becoming accepted as the only suitable

construction material other than metals for high risk public transport.

Marine transport often represents a significant fire risk. Through the use of phenolic composites, many opportunities exist for innovative, cost-effective and aesthetic design of both decorative and structural elements in cruise ships and ferries without compromising on fire protection.

Firstly used after second world war. FRP composites are used instead of timber. (which was traditionally used in small maritime

craft, because wood was becoming increasingly scarce and expensive.)

Timber was as losing favor with many boat builders and owners because wooden boats were easily degraded by seawater and marine organisms and therefore required ongoing maintenance and repairs that can be expensive

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite

low density low thermal conductivity excellent corrosion and chemical resistance high strength to weight ratio better design flexibility cost-effective production of complex 3D structures excellent fatigue and impact properties improved acoustic performance radar/sonar transparency low maintenance

potential advantages of Fibre reinforced polymeric composites over the traditional construction materials (steel and aluminum)

The application of FRP composites to maritime crafts was initially driven by a need for◦ lightweight,◦ strong, ◦ corrosion resistant durable naval boats

NAVAL APPLICATION OF FRP COMPOSITES

1. MINE SWEEPER 2. LANDING CRAFT 3. PERSONNEL BOAT

EARLY NAVAL APPLICATION OF FRP COMPOSITES:

Racing yachts use composites more extensively than any other marine structure. The materials used are not typical of marine construction because of special requirements.◦ Minimal weight ◦ Maximal stiffness (sail with maximal speed and resistance to the

impact of waves and other elements in marine environments)

Wood plastic composite Marine Board is a composite material alternative to timber for docks, pontoons, jetties, walkways, docking stations and similar applications.

Wood plastic composite Marine Board

Wood plastic Marine composite decking is the low maintenance rather than to timber for pontoons.

It is made from recycled plastic and recycled wood.

low maintenance finish protected with UV inhibitors to ensure long-

lasting colour. Wood plastic Marine composite decking is

incredibly hard and strong and will provide years of trouble free service on pontoons.

Advantages:

1. Environmentally friendly material made from recycled waste

2. Looks and works just like hardwood 3. Long term projects cost less than hardwood

timber 4. 25 year limited warranty 5. UV friendly, keeps it’s colour 6. Very Low maintenance 7. No Splinters – ideal for barefoot pedestrians 8. Marine Borer/termite resistant

The Benefits Wood plastic Marine composite decking

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