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4.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 14 4.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their source .............................................................. 14 4.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 15 4.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 15 4.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 15 4.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 17 4.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the environmental clearance ...................... 18 4.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 19
5. Lhaki Cement Company Pvt. Ltd ...................................................................................... 21
5.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 21 5.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 21 5.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 22 5.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 22 5.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 22 5.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 23 5.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance ............................ 23 5.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 23
6. Yangzom Cement Industry Pvt. Ltd .................................................................................. 24
6.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 24 6.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 24 6.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 25 6.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 25 6.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 25 6.6. Pollutants monitored and finding.............................................................................................. 26 6.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................. 26 6.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 27
7. Druk Cement Company Pvt. Ltd ....................................................................................... 28
Page 2 of 93 2
7.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 28 7.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 28 7.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 29 7.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 29 7.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 29 7.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 30 7.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance ............................ 31 7.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 31
8. Bhutan Carbide and Chemicals Limited ........................................................................... 33
8.1. Brief Background ....................................................................................................................... 33 8.2. Raw Material and their sources ................................................................................................. 33 8.3. Environmental Concerns ........................................................................................................... 34 8.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 34 8.5. Pollution from Production Process ............................................................................................ 34 8.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 35 8.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the environmental clearance ...................... 35 8.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 35
9.1. Background information ............................................................................................................ 36 9.2. Raw materials, consumption and their sources ........................................................................ 36 9.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 37 9.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 37 9.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 37 9.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 38 9.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................. 39 9.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 39
10.1. Background information ............................................................................................................ 40 10.2. Raw material, its consumption and sources.............................................................................. 40 10.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 41 10.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 41 10.5. Pollution form the production process ..................................................................................... 41 10.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 42 10.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................ 43 10.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 43
11.1. Background information ............................................................................................................ 45 11.2. Raw material, its consumption and sources.............................................................................. 45 11.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 46 11.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 46 11.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 46 11.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 47 11.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental clearance: ........................... 47 11.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 47
Page 3 of 93 3
12. Druk Wang Alloys Limited ................................................................................................. 48
12.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 48 12.2. Raw materials, its consumption and sources ............................................................................ 48 12.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 49 12.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 49 12.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 49 12.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 50 12.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................ 50 12.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 50
13.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 51 13.2. Raw material, its consumption and source ............................................................................... 51 13.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 52 13.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 52 13.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 52 13.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 53 13.7. Observations against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................ 53 13.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 53
14. Army Welfare Project ......................................................................................................... 55
14.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 55 14.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 56 14.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 56 14.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 56 14.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 56 14.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 57 14.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental clearance ............................. 57 14.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 57
15.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 58 15.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources ............................................................ 58 15.3. Environmental concerns ............................................................................................................ 59 15.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 59 15.5. Pollution from production process ............................................................................................ 59 15.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 60 15.7. Observation against the terms and condition of environmental clearances: ........................... 60 15.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 61
16. Dolomite Crushing Unit, Jigme Industries Pvt Ltd ......................................................... 63
16.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 63 16.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 63 16.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 64 16.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 64 16.5. Pollution from the Production Process ..................................................................................... 64 16.6. Pollutants monitored and findings ............................................................................................ 65
Page 4 of 93 4
16.7. Observations against the environmental clearance .................................................................. 65 16.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 66
17. Dolomite Powdering Unit of Jigme Industries Pvt. Ltd ................................................... 67
17.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 67 17.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 67 17.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 68 17.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 68 17.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 68 17.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 69 17.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance .......................... 69 17.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 70
18. Pagli Stone Quarry .............................................................................................................. 71
18.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 71 18.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 71 18.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 71 18.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 72 18.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 72 18.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 72 18.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the environmental clearance ...................... 73 18.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 73
19.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 74 19.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 74 19.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 75 19.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 75 19.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 75 19.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 76 19.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance .......................... 76 19.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 77
20.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 78 20.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 78 20.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 79 20.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 79 20.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 79 20.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 80 20.7. Observation against the terms and condition of the environmental clearance ....................... 80 20.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 81
21. Damchen Dolomite and Mining Industries ....................................................................... 82
21.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 82 21.2. Raw Materials, annual consumptions and their sources .......................................................... 83 21.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 83 21.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 83
Page 5 of 93 5
21.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 83 21.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 84 21.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of the environmental clearance .................... 84 21.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 85
22. Lhachhen Mineral Industry ............................................................................................... 86
22.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 86 22.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 86 22.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 87 22.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 87 22.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 87 22.6. Possible pollutants monitored and findings .............................................................................. 87 22.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance ............................ 88 22.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 88
23.1. Brief background ....................................................................................................................... 90 23.2. Raw materials, annual consumptions and their sources ........................................................... 90 23.3. Potential environmental concerns ............................................................................................ 91 23.4. Positive impacts, if any .............................................................................................................. 91 23.5. Pollution from the production process ..................................................................................... 91 23.6. Possible Pollutants Monitored and Findings ............................................................................. 92 23.7. Observations against the terms and conditions of environmental clearance .......................... 92 23.8. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 93
Page 6 of 93 6
Executive Summary
The National Environment Commission Secretariat (NECS) conducted compliance monitoring of
the industries in Chukha and Samtse Dzongkhags. During the monitoring, …..industries were
monitored for general compliance and point source emission level. The monitoring was mainly
based on compliance by the industries as required under the terms and conditions of
environment clearance.
Some of notable general non-compliances are; lack of Self monitoring initiatives, no
Environmental Budgetary provisions, inadequate Personal Protective Equipments(PPE)
provision, improper Waste Management system, and leakages during operation of Pollution
Control Equipment and poor General housekeeping. However, industries are showing gradual
improvement in controlling fugitive emission and contribute towards employment generation.
The point source emission, suspended particulate matter (SPM) emission for industries with
stacks were monitored. It was observed that all cement industries failed to meet the emission
standard while one of six Ferro Alloys and others fails to meet the same. The emission level of
two of four steel industries exceeds the standards while one of three wood industries emits
emission above the prescribed limit. The failure to meet the emission standards from the point
source owes to inadequate or inappropriate pollution control equipment. Significant amount of
fugitive emissions are also generated, especially in powdering plants.
In general, the team conducted pollution audit for the industries and the recommendations were
submitted for improving their environmental performance.
Further, as per the instruction of the 27th
meeting of NEC, the Secretariat in coordination with
the Environment Unit of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is continuously monitoring the
environmental compliance of the industries in Pasakha Industrial Estate.
Page 7 of 93 7
1. Introduction The National Environment Commission Secretariat (NECS) in coordination with Ministry of
Economic Affairs (MoEA) conducted several rounds of meetings with industries between 2005
and 2007 on formulation of emission standards. The emission standard was approved by the
government in September 2007. A final consultation was held with industries, where the
deadline to enforce emission standards was discussed and agreed as July 1, 2008. However, the
enforcement of the emission standards was initiated from November 2008.
The compliance monitoring was also based on the provisions of National Environment
Protection Act (NEPA) 2007, Environment Assessment Act (EA Act) 2000 and its Regulation
for the Environmental Clearance of Projects 2002. This report covers industries under Samtse
and Chukha Dzongkhags (attached lists of industries). The monitoring was conducted from
November 2008 to March 2009
In addition to the above monitoring, as per the instruction of the 27th
meeting of NEC, the
Secretariat in coordination with the Environment Unit, Ministry of Economic Affairs is
continuously monitoring the environmental compliance of the industries in Pasakha Industrial
Estate.
2. General observations
Generally, industries have shown gradual improvement of environmental performance compared
to the past records. The overall improvement includes:
Fugitive emission control measures: Most plants have installed enclosure for material
transfer lines and point, to reduce fugitive emission
National Employment Generation: The data shows that, on average, more than 60% of
their employees are national
Despite some improvement shown by the industries, there are areas for further improvement as
shown below:
Self monitoring initiatives. Although the regulation requires industries to carry out self
monitoring of point source emission and work zone environment, no initiatives are taken
by industries
Environmental Budget: industries are required to maintain budget for environmental
activities. However, no such record exists with most industries
Personal Protective Equipments (PPE): The implementation of PPE is limited to
provision of helmets and breathing mask only. However, these are also not used by the
workers
Page 8 of 93 8
General Housekeeping: The general housekeeping needs to be improved. For instance,
drainage within the area needs to be cleaned
Waste Management: some of the prominent wastes generated by industries are slag
from steel industries and marble sludge. Till date, there is no proper management of
these wastes
Operation of Pollution Control Equipment: lot of fugitive emission is generated from
the leakages mainly due to improper maintenance
The above noted non compliance observations are simple and can be implemented. It doesn’t
require much resource and manpower. The benefit of its implementation includes improvement
of overall economic benefits such as resource recovery, improved efficiency, and understanding
the overall status of environmental performance of the company, which is emerging as an
important marketing tool.
3. Industries specific observation(s)
Detail inspections of the pollution sources along the production line for various industries were
conducted for following groups of industries, 1) Cement industries, 2) Ferro Alloys and Carbide,
3) Food and Drinks Industries, and 4) Powdering Plants. In addition, point source emission
monitoring was also conducted for steel and wood industries. Following are the observation for
specific groups of industries.
3.1. Cement industries
Total of four cement industries were monitored in Pasakha, Gomtu and Samtse. Air and noise
pollution are the major environmental concerns for these industries. Air pollution is generated as
fugitive emission from improper handling of the raw materials along the production line, and
point source emission from the stacks. Noise is generated from operation of plant equipment.
Cement industries consist of many units namely; Coal Mill, Raw Mill, Pyroprocessing Unit and
Cement Mill. The Cement Mills can be operated independently by using procured Clinker.
Stacks were monitored for point source emission level. The Penden Cement Authority Limited
(PCAL) has 28 stacks, of which only Electro Static Precipitators (ESP) stack was monitored,
because of lack of stack monitoring provisions for rest of the stacks. Similarly, two Vertical
Shaft Kiln (VSK) stacks and one Raw Mill stack were monitored for Druk Cement Company
Pvt. Limited, while all three stacks were monitored for Yangzom Cement Industry. The point
source emission for Lhaki Cement Private Limited was not monitored because the plant was
under augmentation. The point source emission result shows that only raw mill stack of Druk
Cement plant meets the emission standard. The graph below shows the emission level from the
stack monitored:
Page 9 of 93 9
Figure Cement Industries
It may be noted that the emission from the VSK of Druk and Yangzom Cement are directly let
out to the environment without any pollution control system. The existing pollution control
system of ESP in PCAL and Bag filter in Yangzom cement are proving to be inefficient in
controlling the point source emission. Therefore, the pollution load of the cement industries is
extremely high, much above the emission standards.
Lhaki cement, as a part of augmentation is changing the technology from VSK to Rotatory Kiln
(RK).
3.2. Ferro Alloys and Carbide
Six industries, including Bhutan Carbide and Chemical Plant in Pasakha were monitored under
this category. Air and noise pollution are observed as the major environmental concerns. Air
pollution is generated as the fugitive emission from improper handling of the raw materials along
the production line, open furnace gates, tapping process and point source emission from the
stacks. It is also contributed by improper collection system of micro silica dust. Noise is
generated from operation of plant machineries.
Industrial stacks were monitored for its point source emission. Of six industrial stacks monitored,
one stack fail to meet SPM emission standard.
671
34642842
34
1115
4517
0500
100015002000250030003500400045005000
Penden ESP VSK 1 VSK 2 Raw Mill VSK Raw Mill
Penden Cement
Druk Cement Yangzom Cement
SP
M C
on
c (
mg
/N
m3
)
Industrial Stacks
Point source emission
Observed conc (mg/Nm3)
Stand (150 mg/Nm3)
Page 10 of 93 10
Figure Ferro Alloys and Carbide
The pollution level of lime kiln of Bhutan Carbide and Chemical Limited (BCCL) were above
the emission standard. The SPM emission level from the lime kiln unit of the BCCL has
repeatedly exceeded the emission level. It is because the pollution control equipment is not
adequate.
3.3. Powdering Plants
A total of seven industries were monitored under this category in Gomtu, Pugli and Tashijong
area in Samtse. This category consists of dolomite and talc powdering units. The major
environmental concerns associated with these industries are air and noise pollution.
Fugitive emission is the major air pollution, occurring due to improper handling of raw materials
along the production line. The conveyor belts are not enclosed, transfer points are open, and
significant amount of fugitive emission occurs due to manual handling of product packaging and
its transfer to the storage area.
The point source of SPM emission monitoring was not conducted, as there is no stack emission.
In future, there is an urgent need to conduct detail technical study on the fugitive emission level
within the work zone.
3.4. Food and Drinks Industries
Only two Food and Drinks industries were monitored in Samtse. Others, such as Vanaspati and
cold drink plants were not monitored as they were not under operation. The major environmental
concerns associated with these industries are air pollution from the boiler and effluent discharge
from the production process. Some amount of spent materials such as fruit peels is generated as
solid waste.
0
50
100
150
200
250
GCP GCP GCP GCP GCP Lime Kiln
DWAL DFAL UFAL BFIL BFAL BCCL
SPM
Co
nc
(mg/
Nm
3)
Industrial Stacks
Point source emissionObserved Conc (mg/Nm3)
Stand (150 mg/Nm3)
Page 11 of 93 11
The industries were not monitored for its point source emission because, the Bhutan Fruits were
under the technological up-gradation from coal fired to High Speed Diesel (HSD) fired boiler,
where the emission scenario is expected to change after installation of new boiler. The food and
drinks industries have shown improvement in overall house keeping of the plant as well.
3.5. Steel Industries
Bhutan Concast Pvt Ltd, KK Steel and Druk Iron and Steel Industries were monitored for their
point source emission while Bhutan Steel Industries is monitored for both the point source
emission and overall environmental performance. The overall environmental performance for
other steel industries, including Lhaki Steel will be monitored soon. It was observed that slag
generation and air pollution are noted as the main environmental concern from operation of the
Bhutan steel industries. Slags are generated as by-product from the process, and have been left
stockpiled within the industrial compound. Air pollution is generated both as the fugitive and
point source from improper handling of the raw materials and charging process. It may be
mentioned that all the steel industries in their initial project profile and application have assured
proper management of slag, which they have failed to comply.
The point source emission was monitored for 4 steel industries, of which two industries failed to
meet the emission standards.
Figure 1 Steel Industries
The point source emission from the Rolling mill and Induction furnace I of the Druk Iron and
Steel at Rabtengang, and Induction furnace of the KK Steel failed to meet the required standard.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Furnace GCP Furnace GCP Rolling Mill Furnace GCP Furnace GCP
Bhutan Concast
Bhutan Steel Indstry. Ltd
Druk Iron & Steel KK Steel
SPM
Co
nc
(mg/
Nm
3)
Industrial Stacks
Point source emission
Observed Conc (mg/Nm3)
Stand (150mg/Nm3)
Page 12 of 93 12
In the past sampling, the SPM emission of the Druk Iron and Steel have managed to meet the
standard.
Emission for the Lhaki steel could not be monitored as the plant was shut down during the period
of monitoring, due to economic recession.
3.6. Wood Industries
Three industries were monitored in Gedu and Phuentsholing area for their point source emission.
The overall environmental performance could not be covered during the monitoring.
Point source emission occurs from boilers, where waste wood is used as fuel. Of three wood
industries monitored for the SPM point source emission level, Bhutan Board Products Limited in
Gedu, failed to meet the emission standard.
Figure 2 Wood Industries
927
5.81
115
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Boiler Boiler Boiler
Bhutan Board Products Limited
Bhutan Green Wood Industry
Bhutan Wood Panel Industry
SPM
Con
c (m
g/N
m3)
Industrial Stacks
Point source emission
Observed Conc (mg/N
m3)
Stand (150mg/Nm3)
Page 13 of 93 13
Page 14 of 93 14
4. Penden Cement Authority Limited (PCAL)
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
Penden Cement
Authority Ltd
Type of Industry
Cement
Location
Gomtu, Samtse
Products
Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC)
PSC (Portland Slag
Cement)
PPC (Portland Pozzalona
cement)
Year of
Establishment 1974 Plant Capacity
Commercial
Production 1981
Actual Production
(in 2008)
OPC 33: 635Metric Tonnes
(MT)
OPC 43:45,522 MT
PPC:1,77,755 MT
PSC:1,19660 MT
Clinker:281,615 MT
Date of Monitoring March 21-22, 2009
4.1. Brief background
Penden Cement plant manufactures three types of cements namely Ordinary Portland Cement
(OPC) PSC (Portland Slag Cement) PPC (Portland Pozzalona cement). During the time of
monitoring the C- line of pyroprocess was broken down. The team was informed that the daily
clinker production capacity was reduced from 1000 tonnes per day (tpd) to just 260 tpd.
4.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their source
The following table shows the Raw Material types and its annual consumption and sources:
Sl. No Particulars Quantity (MT) Source
1 Limestones 2,83,408 Pugli Mines
Page 15 of 93 15
2 Limestones 1,38,510 Uttarey Mines
3 Calc Tufa 11,750 Kalapani Mines
4 Sandstone 8,850 Pugli river bed
5 Iron ore 157 Kalikhola Mines
6 Coal 42,751 Reshore Mines
7 Coal 10,381 India
8 Fly ash 40,143 India
9 Gypsum 11,152 Khothakpa
Mines
10 Slag 52,135 India
4.3. Potential environmental concerns
Dust emission is the major environmental concern from operation of the cement plant. While
some point source pollution control measures were implemented by the management, the
fugitive emission from the materials transfer points, and materials handling such as gantry
stocking, open feeding and leakages along transfer line are contributing to dust generation. The
installation of mobile crushing unit between Gomtu town and the plant has further aggravated the
dust pollution in the area. The open stocking of raw materials such as coal and slag has also
contributed generation of dusts emission in the area. Noise is also generated from the operation
of the plant machineries.
4.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has employed total work force of 566 people of which 531 of them are national.
Furthermore, the company has employed an addition of 144 national casual workers in the plant.
4.5. Pollution from the production process
The table below shows that pollution sources, control measures and observations.
Sl.
No
Source of Pollution Control Measures Observations
1 Fugitive emission from Whole structure is The enclosure has controlled the
Page 16 of 93 16
Stacker and reclaimer enclosed fugitive emission.
2 Fugitive emission at
Raw material Gantry
(handling)
No control measures Fugitive emission is generated
3 Point source emission
Raw mill (Raw mill 1)
grinding
Installed control
measures
Both ESP and bag filters are used.
Stack Monitoring was carried out
for the stacks of both the installed
control measures. The result may
have to be reconfirmed after
management has put the porthole as
per the specification issued by NEC.
4 Point source from
Blending Silo
Control measures
installed.
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
5 Point source emission
from the Pyroprocessing
Control measures
installed
The emission from this pyroprocess
is treated by ESP.
6 Fugitive emission from
Clinker Discharge
No control measures Dust is generated from transfer
point. Water spray is installed, but it
is hardly used.
7 Point source emission
from Clinker Silo
Installed control
measures
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
8 Fugitive emission from
the Clinker Gantry
No control measures Dust is generated while dropping
clinker into the Gantry and
transferring hot clinkers by EOT
crane.
9 Fugitive emission from
conveying materials
(Gypsum, Clinker, Slag
etc) from the clinker silo
to the cement hoppers
No control measures Gypsum is fed manually at the
hoppers. The feeding process
generates dust. The conveyor belts
are not enclosed
10 Point source from
Cement Mills
Installed control
measures
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
Page 17 of 93 17
11 Point source emission
from Cement Silo
Installed control
measures
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
12 Point source and
fugitive emission from
packing
Installed control
measures for packing
machines, but no
control measures for
fugitive emissions
The team was informed that
monitoring provisions are provided,
however, the plant was under
maintenance during the monitoring
period. Hence sampling was not
carried out.
13 Fugitive emission from
Coal feeding
No control measures Coal dust is generated from coal
feeding hoppers as well as from the
stock yard.
14 Point source emission
from the coal mill
Installed control
measures
Bag house has been installed.
However, there is no provision to
monitor the emission level
15 Wastewater from
cooling and vehicle
washing
No control measures Wastewaters generated from
washing of vehicles are directly
discharged into the surrounding
environment. Further part of the
water used for cooling the
equipment is also let directly into
surrounding environment.
4.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was carried out for SPM from the point source. The graph below shows that the
emission from the ESP exceeds the emission standards.
Page 18 of 93 18
Figure 3 PCAL ESP Stack
Since there is fugitive emission in the work place, there is a need to sample and analyse the
workplace emission level.
4.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of the environmental
clearance
Raw materials, such as coal and slag are not stored in the closed yard
There are leakages along materials transfer line
As per the ESP stack emission record maintained with company, it has failed to meet the
required emission standard. Following is the record:
Sl.
No
Month Results (mg/Nm3)
1 October, 2008 290.6
2 November, 2008 282.2
3 December, 2008 188.7
4 January, 2009 223.3
5 Feb, 2009 207
No proper record for the water consumption
No separate energy meter
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
PCAL, ESP Emission Standard
SP
M (
mg
/N
m3
)
Emission Stack
SPM Emission
Page 19 of 93 19
Monitoring provisions are not provided for all the stacks
Poor implementation of OHS
Factory floor is not clean
General housekeeping is poor
Poor sanitation within the plant
4.8. Recommendations
Both observations and recommendations are discussed with the management. The management
has agreed to implement as follows.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Fugitive emission
control
The management shall implement the
control measures for fugitive emission
from the process and other activities
(including leakages along the transfer
lines, gantries, feeding hoppers, and
transfer points)
The management shall
installed fugitive emission
control measures within
three months from date of
issue of this observations and
inform NEC accordingly
2 Water Management The management shall develop and
implement water management
strategies
The management shall
inform the NEC within three
months from the date of
issue of this observation
3 Stack Monitoring
Provisions
The management shall ensure that all
stacks have facilities for monitring
The management shall
submit the information to
NEC within three months
from the date of issue of this
observation
4 Fugitive emission
from the Dump
yard
The management has stocked the
Uttarey limestone in between Gomtu
town and plant which has contributed to
generation of dusts.
The management is
requested to provide the
explanation within April 10,
2009
5 Car wash in the
plant
Vehicle washing was observed at the
water re-circulation tank, where the
washed effluent are directly discharged
into the environment
The management shall
immediately prohibit direct
discharge of effluent into the
environment without
treatmentbn002E
Page 20 of 93 20
6 House keeping The general housekeeping of the plant
needs to be improved
The management shall note
that drainage needs to be
cleaned immediately
Page 21 of 93 21
5. Lhaki Cement Company Pvt. Ltd
INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE
Promoter
lhaki Cement
Company Pvt. Ltd
Type of Industry Cement
Location Gomtu, Samtse Products Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC)
Year of
Establishment
October 1992
Plant Capacity 43,000 MT
Commercial
Production January , 1993 Actual Production
11509.72 MT (Jan-
March 2009)
Date of Monitoring March 22-23, 2009
5.1. Brief background
Lhaki Cement Plant has been under augmentation since October 2007 replacing VSK technology
with RK. The operation of VSK was suspended from November 2008 except cement mill. The
mill has been under operation with imported clinker from PCAL and India. However, during
time of monitoring the cement mill was not operational due non-availability of clinker. The up-
gradation of the plant is expected to be completed by May 2009.
5.2. Raw materials, annual consumption and their sources
The table below shows the raw materials consumption by the plant and its sources. The data is
only for the months of January-March 2009.
Sl.
No
Particulars Quantity (MT) Sources
1 Clinkers 11,157.77 PCAL and India
2 Gypsum 371.95 Khothakpa Mines
Page 22 of 93 22
5.3. Potential environmental concerns
Dust is the major environmental concerns of the cement plants. The source of pollution are
mainly from cement mill, silo, materials feeding, open stocking of raw materials, leakages along
transfer line and movement of vehicles.
5.4. Positive impacts, if any
The plant has total work force strength of 277 people of which 209 of them are national.
5.5. Pollution from production process
The following table shows the pollution sources, control measures and observations.
Sl.
No
Source of
Pollution
Control
Measures
Observations
1 Fugitive
emission within
the plant area
Limited control
measures
Water is sprayed only once in the
morning
2 Fugitive
emission from
feeding of
materials to the
hopper
No control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated while
feeding materials into ground hoppers
3 Point source
and Fugitive
emission from
the conveyor
belts
Installed
control
measures
Some portions of the conveyor belts are
underground whereas some are exposed.
There is a system which collects dust
from the underground conveyor belts
only. There are no provisions of stack
monitoring in the stack of the bag filters.
4 Point source
emission from
Cement Silo
Installed
control
measures
No monitoring provisions
5 Fugitive
emission from
packing
no control
measures
Fugitive emission is generated from this
unit.
Page 23 of 93 23
5.6. Pollutants monitored and findings
Stack sampling was not carried out as there were no monitoring provisions. The sampling for
fugitive emission was also not conducted as the plant was under augmentation.
5.7. Observation against the terms and conditions of
environmental clearance
Clinker is not completely stored in the closed yard
Leakages along the material transfer line
No separate energy meter installed
Polythene bags are indiscriminately dumped within the plant site
Water is not sprayed as required
No record maintained for ambient and fugitive emission in the plant area
No record for water consumption
5.8. Recommendations
Both observation and recommendations are discussed with the management. The management
has agreed to implement it as follows.
Sl.
No
Activity Description Implementation
1 Environmental
Management Plan
The management shall submit the
environmental management plan
addressing the requirement under the
EC
The management shall
submit the environmental
management plan by May
15, 2009
2 Polythene bag
littering
The management shall immediately
collect all garbage including polythene
bag within and around the factory
premises
The management shall
implement it immeditely
3 Water Spray The management shall spray water for