Complex Genetics

Complex GeneticsSex-linkedCo-DominanceIncomplete Dominance

What is Complex Genetics?So far, weve been learning about Mendalian Genetics the study of simple recessive and dominant traitsComplex Genetics is the study of traits that are not simply 1 dominant or 1 recessive characteristic

The Four Types of Complex GeneticsSex-linked GeneticsCo-DominanceIncomplete Dominance

What is Complex Genetics?So far, weve been learning about Mendalian Genetics the study of simple recessive and dominant traitsComplex Genetics is the study of traits that are not simply 1 dominant or 1 recessive characteristic

The Four Types of Complex GeneticsDihibrid CrossesSex-linked GeneticsCo-DominanceIncomplete Dominance

DiHybrid CrossesA Dihybrid cross looks at TWO traits at onceIt works JUST like a monohybrid cross but it has more letters :)

How to Do a Dihybrid CrossThere are 5 steps to figure out the probability of two traits1. Look at each individual trait on its own and write out its genotype and phenotype2. Write out the possible combinationsEach combination should have have one letter from each of the traits3. Put the parents genotype combinations on the outside of the square4. Fill in the Punnett SquareDetermine the outcomes of the possible offspring

Now, Lets Do One!Step One: Determine the phenotype and genotypes of each of the parentsWhen Will Smith clasps his hands together, his left thumb is on top, which is a dominant trait (L). He also has a bent pinky finger (B), which is a dominant to a straight pinky finger. Will is heterozygous for his left thumb on top and heterozygous for a bent pinky. Jada Pinkett Smith is heterozygous for her left thumb on top, and is heterozygous for bent pinky fingers. Wills Genotype__________ Phenotype________Jadas Genotype_________ Phenotype_________

Step TwoStep Two: Write out all of the possible Combinations!Use the FOIL technique (first, outside, inside, last)Wills Genotype_______________Foil for the possible Combinations:

Jadas Genotype______________Foil for the possible Combinations:

Step ThreePlace the parent genotypes on the outside of the punnett square.

Step FourFill out the Punnett Square!

Step Five: Determine the Possible OutcomesHow do we figure out possibilities?

Possibilities:BBLLBBLlBbLLBbLlBbllbbLLbbLlbbll

BLBlbLblBLBBLLBBLlBbLLBbLlBlBBLlBBLlBbLlBbllbLBbLLBbLlbbLLbbLlblBbLlBbllbbLlbbll

Step Five ContinuedPhenotypes PossibilitiesDominant Dominant

Dominant Recessive

Recessive Dominant

Recessive Recessive

BLBlbLblBLBBLLBBLlBbLLBbLlBlBBLlBBLlBbLlBbllbLBbLLBbLlbbLLbbLlblBbLlBbllbbLlbbll

Sex-Linked TraitsSome traits are only on your last two chromosomes, which are known as the Sex ChromosomesThis means that gender affects the traitsX-Linked traits: The trait is found only on an X chromosome. A girl will have 2 copies of the trait (one on each X chromosomes) A boy will have only ONE copy of the trait (they only have one X chromosome)

Sex Linked Carriers

Sex Linked ExampleColorblindness is a X chromosome sex-linked disorder. Color-blindness is recessive. A Heterozygous female and a Colorblind male are worried about their future children... fill out a punnett square to figure out their possibilities:Mother: Genotype______ Phenotype______Father: Genotype______ Phenotype______

Co-DominanceCodominance occurs when the trait of each allele shows up. Both alleles are equally dominant!!The common example of Codomiance:Blood Types!

Blood TypesWhat are the different types of blood types?ABABO

The Genotypes of the Four Blood Types?

Lets Try Blood Typing!Beyonce and Jay Z have recently been blood typed. Beyonce has an AB blood type and JayZ is Heterozygous A. Complete the punnett Square:Beyonce: Genotype____Jay Z: Genotype _____Possible child Genotype _______________Possible child Phenotypes ________________

Incomplete DominanceFormal Definition: Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele. This results in a combined phenotypeIn Otherwords:

How is this different from Co-Dominance?

Snap Dragon Flowers

Lets Try Incomplete DominanceTulips are beautiful flowers. Tall tulips have a genotype of TT and short tulips have a genotype of tt. Yet, some tulips are of medium length. Medium height tulips occur when a tulip is heterozygous for height. A homozygous tall tulip and a short tulip mate. What are their possible offspring?Tulip One: Genotype______ Phenotype:_______Tulip Two: Genotype______ Phenotype:_______