Comparing Plant and Animal Cells. After this lesson, you should be able to: Identify ways that plant and animal cells are alike and different.

Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

After this lesson, you should be able to:

Identify ways that plant and animal cells are alike and different.

Describe the function of structures in cells.

Objectives

Some are made up of many cells:

Multicellular = made of many cells. Examples - plants and animals.

Plant cells and animal cells have some things in common but are also different in some ways.

All living things are made of cells

Similarities

Both plants and animals have: Cell membranes: a

thin layer that surrounds and holds a cell together.

Similarities

Both plants and animals have: Their cells are filled

with cytoplasm – a gel-like substance containing chemicals that the cell needs.

Similarities

Both plants and animals have: Nucleus: the

information and control center of the cell. Contains the DNA:

chemical that stores the information of the organism, the blue print of the organism.

Contains the nucleolus – makes ribosomes.

Similarities

Both plants and animals have: Ribosomes: protein

builders of the cell

Similarities

Both plants and animals have: Mitochondria: Use

oxygen to break down food and release energy (cellular respiration happens here).

Similarities

Both plants and animals have: Vacuoles: sack that

stores food, water, and waste products.

Similarities

Both plants and animals have: Endoplasmic

reticulum: system of tubes (passage ways) that transport proteins.

Similarities

Both plants and animals have: Golgi bodies:

packages and sends proteins outside the cell. (the post office of the cell)

Plant cells have:

Cell wall: the outer part of the plant cell that provides support and structure to the cell.

Animals do not have a cell wall.

Differences

Animal cells can have more than one nucleus,

plant cells always have only one.

Differences

Differences

Plant cells have chloroplasts: where photosynthesis happens. Animal cells use

mitochondria for energy production. Plants primarily use chloroplasts to produce energy. Remember, plants

have mitochondria too.

Differences

Animals usually have many small vacuoles. Plants usually have one large vacuole

Animal cells have lysosomes: sack that has

chemicals to break down substances like old cell parts and viruses.

Differences

Energy that living things need come from the

sun. Plants use light energy and turn it into chemical

energy. Chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds

between atoms of molecules.

Cells store and use energy

Plants use light energy, carbon dioxide and

water to make oxygen and sugar. Chemical energy is stored between the atoms

of the sugar molecule. Molecule: the smallest piece of a substance that

has the properties of the substance.

Photosynthesis

Energy is released when the bonds are broken. Cells either use energy or stores it for later.

Mitochondria in plants and animals use oxygen to release the energy in the chemical bonds of food.

Cellular respiration

Cells store energy from food in high-energy

ATP molecules. ATP is broken down when the cell needs energy.

Adenosine triphosphate

The nucleus is the control center of the cell.

Contains DNA, a molecule that has instructions for all of the cells’s activities.

Cells store and use information

One activity – putting proteins together.

DNA and RNA work together to do this job

Making proteins

DNA in a cell’s nucleus determines what kind

of cell it is. DNA doubles when a cell divides so that two

new cells will get the needed information to carry out all of life’s basic life activites.

What kind of cell will it be?