Compare Vitamin c Content Between Row and Processed Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Herbavescent Herbal Garden Page 1

PROPOSED HERBAVESCENT HERBAL GARDEN

INTRODUCTION

1. To establish a herbal garden for mother plants/ selected

seedlings for commercial herbal production. The contracted plantation will provide the company with the source of extraction for its effervescent herbal products

OBJECTIVES

1. To set up a 50 acres herbal garden with 17 types of fruit trees and herbs as well as Jatropha plant.

2. The herbal garden is the showcase for the clients and

customers of the company’s herbal products 3. The herbal garden will be the centre of research and

development of the particular herbs and plants for present and future developments of global herbal products

4. The herbal garden will attract collaboration and researchers

in similar fields worldwide as the garden site is conducive and situated at a cool and hilly resort with panoramic view.

5. It can also serve as an agro-ecological resort for selected tourists.

LOCATION

1. Bentong, Pahang (attach location map, photos)

TYPE OF PLANTS/HERBS

1. The types of plants and herbs to be planted include:-

i. mangosteen ii. tongkat ali

iii. kacip fatimah iv. hempedu bumi v. misai kucing

vi. safed musli vii. amla (indian goosberry) plant

viii. roselle ix. jatropha x. mas cotek

xi. peria xii. pegaga

xiii. dragon fruit xiv. guava xv. gurmar

xvi. ubi jaga xvii. aloe vera

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2. Details of the proposed plants and herbs

i. Mangosteen

The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is a tropical evergreen

tree, believed to have originated in the

Sunda Islands and the Moluccas. The

tree grows from 7 to 25 meters tall.

The rind (exocarp) of the edible fruit is

deep reddish purple when ripe.

Botanically an aril, the fragrant edible

flesh is sweet and creamy, citrusy with some peach flavor.

Mangosteen is closely related to other

edible tropical fruits such as button

mangosteen and lemondrop mangosteen.

Mangosteen is typically advertised and

marketed as part of an emerging category

of novel functional foods sometimes called

"superfruits" presumed to have a

combination of 1) appealing subjective

characteristics, such as taste, fragrance and

visual qualities, 2) nutrient richness, 3)

antioxidant strength and 4) potential impact for lowering risk against human diseases.

Prefers humid conditions with over 100" of

rain per year. Mangosteens can be planted near streams,

ponds, or other bodies of water where portions of their root

systems remain moist year-round. Heavy mulching is

recommended in drier areas to retain soil moisture. Flowering

and fruiting usually occurs in summer or after periods of heavy

rainfall.

Mature trees may bear anywhere from 100-3000 fruits.

Propagation: Seeds have extremely short viability, only 1-5

days, and must be planted immediately upon removal from the fruit. Germination takes place in 2-3 weeks.

Seedlings soon develop a long tap root which is vital to the

survival of the tree so great care should be taken when

transplanting. Other forms of propagation are usually

unsuccessful. Fruiting takes from 6-12 years from seed.

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ii. Tongkat ali

Tongkat Ali - Eurycoma Longifolia Jackis a small tree to 15 m

high. Plants dioecious (flowers on a plant are

either male or female). Leaves compound,

long, and crowded at the tips of the

branches. When the leaves fall they leave

large scars on the stems. Leaflets are ovate-

lanceolate, sessile or nearly so, and opposite.

Flowers are borne in auxiliary panicles,

mostly large and lax, and puberulous with

short hairs. Flowers unisexual; the male

always with a sterile pistil, female always

with sterile stamens. Fruits ellipsoid or ovoid,

10-20 x 5-12 mm, green to blackish-red

when ripe.

Ecology E. Longifolia prefers acid and sandy

soils at low altitude up to 700 m above sea level. Plants usually

grow in beach forests, primary and secondary forests, mixed

dipterocarp forests and also in heath forests.

In South East Asia all parts of E. longifolia plants, in particular

the roots, have long been used medicinally. The barks of the

roots are used in the Malay Peninsula to cure fever, ulcers in

the mouth, and intestinal worms. It is also used as a tonic after

childbirth. People in some regions of Sumatra and Kalimantan

also use the root as an anti-pyretic. In Lampung and Belitung it

is used as a medicine for dysentery.

iii. Kacip Fatimah

Labisa Pumila, commonly known as Kacip Fatimah is the female

version of Tongkat Ali. Kacip Fatimah is a

small woody and leafy plant that grows and

can be found widely in the shade of forest

floors. The leaves are about 20 centimetres

long, and they are traditionally used as a

kind of tea by women who experience a loss of libido.

Extract from these herbs are usually ground into powder

substances and are made into capsules and pills. A concoction

made from boiling the plant in water is given to women in

labour to hasten delivery of their babies. After childbirth, it may

still be consumed by mothers to regain their strength. In other

medicinal preparations, it can treat gonorrhoea, dysentery and eliminate excessive gas in the body.

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Traditionally, it is used for enhancing vitality, overcome

tiredness and help to tone vaginal muscles for women.Kacip

Fatimah, the women’s tongkat ali has been used for generations

in Borneo in maintaining the figure, health and vitality of

women. Kacip fatimah is the female Tongkat Ali and for centuries -it has been used in Borneo to restore womenhood.

iv. Hempedu bumi

Hempedu Bumi is shown to be superior to Milk Thistle

(Silymarin) in its liver protective and bile

promoting properties. The active

constituents, the andrographolides act

as strong antioxidants, protecting the

liver and digestive system. Laboratory

and clinical trials have demonstrated its

effectiveness in cases of toxic liver

damage, poor liver function and

hepatitis.

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees is a herb from the

family Acanthaceae, found throughout

Southeast Asia, and known locally as

"hempedu bumi" and "akar cerita". This an

annual herb has been commonly known as

'king of bitter' and is reported to have

analgesic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory,

antineoplastic, antiulcerogenic, antibacterial,

febrifuge, antiplatelet, antidiarrhoeal and

antithrombotic properties, also possess

protective activity against various liver disorders. It is a reputed

remedy in Malaysia for diabetes and hypertension

v. Misai kucing

Misai Kucing have been trusted for years to support the

urinary tract and kidneys. Orthosiphon stamineus is believed to

promote the elimination of fluids, nitrogenous

substances, and sodium chloride. The whole

plant has been used for treatment of kidney

diseases and dysuria with urinary stones.

Misai Kucing is a perennial herb, 0.3-1m

high. This herb has been identified as an

alternative treatment for ailments associated with joint inflammation and kidney stones.

Its inherent high potassium content is sufficient to balance any

the loss of potassium arising from the diuretic effect. In

addition, this plant is also reported to possess anti-fungal, anti-

inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties.

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vi. Safed musli

Safed Musli is a rare divine-graced herb to offer all the effects

required for achievement of health par

excellence or for attaining the ultimate

positive health. It treats male sexual

inadequacies like oligospermia, lack of

libido, impotency, etc, general debility. It is

also used as major components in all kinds of sex-tonics and capsules.

Safed Musli is also gaining increasing acceptance as a vitalizer

and health-giving tonic, a curative for pre-natal and post-natal

problems, a restorative for immunity-improvement and as a

remedy for diabetes and arthritis.

vii. Amla (indian goosberry) plant

Indian Gooseberry, Emblic myrobalan, Amla, Amalaki

Amla is one of the most often used herb

in Indian ayurveda. It has a reputation

as a powerful rejuvenating herb. The

Amla is reputed to have the highest

content of vitamin C of any natural

occurring substances in nature Indian

Research shows that 8.75 mg of natural

vitamin C complex from Amla is

equivalent to 100mg of the most

commonly used synthetic vitamin C. Amla prossesses the

highest level of heat and storage stable vitamin C known to

man.

Plant Description: Amla is a medium-sized deciduous tree

with gray bark and reddish wood which successfully grows in

variable agro-climatic and soil conditions. Amla leaves are

feathery, linear oblong in shape and smell like lemon. The

flowers are greenish yellow in colour which starts appearing in

the beginning of spring season. The matured tree can tolerate a

high temperature of 45øC as well as a freezing temperature.

Thus, it is not much influenced by hot winds and frost. It is a

potential crop which grows in the marginal soils and various

kinds of degraded lands such as salt-affected soils, salines and

dry and semi-dry regions. Amla tree is found growing in the

plains and sub-mountain on tracts all over the India and Indian

subcontinent.

BENEFITS OF AMLA:

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The edible fruit tissue of Amla contains protein concentration

3-fold and ascorbic acid concentration 160-fold than those

of apples. This fruit also contains considerably higher

concentration of most minerals and amino acids than

apples.

Amla juice has twenty times more vitamin C than orange

juice.

Amla is used as cosmetic in India. It is an accepted hair

tonic in traditional recipes for enriching hair growth and pigmentation.

viii. Roselle

Hibiscus sabdariffa is a species of hibiscus native to the

countries in tropics. It is an annual or perennial herb or woody-

based subshrub, growing to 2–2.5 m tall. The leaves are deeply

three- to five-lobed, 8–15 cm long, arranged alternately on the

stems.

A roselle variety planted in Malaysia. Roselle fruits are

harvested fresh, and their calyces are made into a pro-health

drink rich in vitamin C and anthocyanins.

Climate

Roselle is very sensitive to frost. It succeeds best in tropical and

subtropical regions from sea-level up to 3,000 ft (900 m) with a

rainfall of about 72 in (182 cm) during its growing season.

Where rainfall is inadequate, irrigation has given good results.

It can be grown as a summer crop in temperate regions. The fruits will not ripen, but the herbage is usable.

Propagation

Roselle is usually propagated by seed but grows readily from

cuttings. The latter method results in shorter plants preferred in

India for interplanting with tree crops but the yield of calyces is relatively low.

Culture

Seedlings may be raised in nursery beds and transplanted when

3 to 4 in (7.5-10 cm) high, but seeds are usually set directly in

the field, 4 to 6 to a hill, the hills 3 to 6 ft (0.9-1.8 m) apart in

rows 5 to 10 ft (1.5-3 m) apart. When 2 or 3 leaves have

Herbavescent Herbal Garden Page 7

developed, the seedlings are thinned out by 50%. If grown

mainly for herbage, the seed can be sown as early as March,

and no early thinning is done.

Roselle is a short-day plant and photoperiodic. Unlike kenaf,

roselle crops cannot be grown successively throughout the year.

Whatever fertilizer would be ordinarily used for vegetables but

only 1/4 to 1/2 the usual amount should be applied. An excess

of ammonia encourages vegetative growth and reduces fruit

production. Commercial fertilizer of the formula 4-6-7 NPK has proved satisfactory.

Weeding is necessary at first, but after the plants reach 1 1/2 to

2 ft (45-60 cm) in height, weeds will be shaded out and no

longer a problem. Early pruning will increase branching and

development of more flowering shoots.

Harvesting

For herbage purposes, the plants may be cut off 6 weeks after

transplanting, leaving only 3 to 4 in (7.5-10 cm) of stem in the

field. A second cutting is made 4 weeks later and a third after

another 4 weeks. Then the shorn plants are thinned out–2 of

every 3 rows removed–and the remaining plants left to grow and develop fruit as a second product.

The fruits are harvested when full-grown but still tender and, at

this stage, are easily snapped off by hand. They are easier to

break off in the morning than at the end of the day. If

harvesting is overdue and the stems have toughened, clippers must be used.

The fruits of roselle ripen progressively from the lowest to the

highest. Harvesting of seeds takes place when the lower and

middle tiers of the last of the fruits are allowed to mature, at

which time the plants are cut down, stacked for a few days, then threshed between canvas sheets.

Yield

Calyx production per plant has ranged from 3 lbs (1.3 kg) to 4

lbs (1.8 kg) . Roselle intercropped with rubber yielded 16,800

lbs per acre (roughly 16,800 kg/ha) when planted alone. Dual-

purpose plantings can yield 19,000 lbs (17,000 kg) of herbage in 3 cuttings and, later, 13,860 lbs (6,300 kg) of calyces.

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ix. Jatropha

Jatropha curcas or Barbados nut or Physic nut is a

perennial poisonous shrub (up to 5 m high) belonging to the

Euphorbiaceae or spurge family. The plant, originating in

Central America, is mainly grown in Asia and in Africa, where it

is known as Pourghère. It is resistant to a high degree of aridity

and as such does not compete with food crops. When the seeds

are crushed, the resulting jatropha oil can be processed to

produce a high-quality biodiesel fuel that can be used in a

standard diesel engine.

Cultivation is uncomplicated.

Jatropha curcas can grow in

wastelands and grows almost

anywhere, even on gravelly,

sandy and saline soils. It can

thrive on the poorest stony soil

and grow in the crevices of rocks.

Complete germination is

achieved within 9 days. Adding

manure during the germination

has negative effects during that

phase, but is favourable if

applied after germination is

achieved. However, it is usually

multiplied by cuttings, because this gives faster results than multiplication by seeds.

The flowers only develop terminally, so a good ramification

(plants presenting many branches) produces the greatest

amount of fruits. Another productivity factor is the ratio

between female and male flowers within an inflorescence

(usually about 1 female to 10 male flowers - more female

flowers mean more fruits). Jatropha curcas thrives on a mere

250 mm (10 in) of rain a year, and only during its first two

years does it need to be watered in the closing days of the dry

season. Ploughing and planting are not needed regularly, as this shrub has a life expectancy of approximately forty years.

The use of pesticides and other polluting substances are not

necessary, due to the pesticidal and fungicidal properties of the plant

One tonne of Jatropha Curcas seeds will produce approximately

350-400 litres of bio-diesel from good quality seeds.

Recommended planting rates of Jatropha Curcas are 2,500 plants per hectare (2.5 acres).

One person can harvest up to 30kg of Jatropha Curcas fruit per hour

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x. Mas cotek

These plants are shrubs. The Ficus deltoidea grows erect,

developing a short stem with a small crown, usually roundish.

Ficus deltoidea Is an evergreen; during winter iIt assumes a

green colouring; the adult specimens are medium in size and

reach 2 m high. Emas cotet is a rare herb which is well known

in the north western staes of Malaysia as a potent female tonic

and commonly used in the preparation of traditional post natal

treatment. This herb is also concocted and consumed by both

men and women for its tonifiying effect

Cultivation: F. deltoidea is

cultivated as a houseplant

for its attractive foliage. It is

said to be one of the only

Ficus species that will

produce fruits when

cultivated indoors

It also makes a nice shrub or

foreground subject for larger trees The hedge is rather large,

reaching about 3-4 m in height with long arching branches that

appeared to reach into and climb up other adjacent small trees.

This plantprefers warmth and humidity and produces aerial

roots under such conditions

Propagation: Ficus species propagate from seed and many

cuttings. Trees can begin life as epiphytes on other trees.

xi. Peria katak

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Also known as balsam

pear, this vegetable, widely cultivated for food in Asia, Africa

and South

America, is widely known as a folk

remedy in diabetes. This fruit looks

like an ugly cucumber, green and

covered with gourd-like bumps. Many

studies, including a 2003 study

published in the American Journal of

Health-System Pharmacy, have demonstrated the hypoglycemic effect of this herb.

Bitter melon, commonly available in Chinese restaurants and

Asian grocery stores, can be steamed or sautéed and eaten as a

food. The fresh juice, dried herb and water decoction (tea) are

all effective. Studies showed good results with 2 ounces of juice each day.

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xii. Pegaga

Pegaga or Centella Asiatica grows in the swampy areas of India,

Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Also known as Indian Pennywort this

plant is used for the treatment of leprosy,

bronchitis, asthma, syphilis, and as a wound

healing agent. Used for promote blood

circulation, especially for brain. Thus it is

refered as the food memory enhances. It can

treat asthma, gastric, large intestine and

urethra inflammation, leucomhoea, improve

digestion and kidney problem.

The herbs calming properties make it well suited for overcoming

insomnia and making one calm for yoga and meditative practices.

It is commonly used to rebuild energy reserves improve memory

and treat fatigue, both mental and physical.

Gotu Kola has been found to have significant results in healing of

skin, other connective tissues, lymph tissue, blood vessels, and

mucous membranes. Researchers have found that Gotu kola

contains several glycosides that exhibit wound healing and anti-

inflammatory activities and that asiaticosides stimulate the formation of lipids and proteins necessary for healthy skin.

xiii. Dragon fruit

A vining, terrestrial or epiphytic cactus, with fleshy stems

reaching from a few inches up to 20ft long (in mature plants).

The plant may grow out of, and over the ground or climb onto trees using aerial roots.

It grows best in dry, tropical or subtropical

climates where annual rainfall ranges from

20-50" per year. In wet, tropical zones,

plants may grow well but sometimes have problems setting fruit reliably.

Will tolerate temperatures to 104F, and short periods of frost,

but prolonged cold will damage or kill the

plant.

The plants aren't usually too picky as to

soil type, but because of their epiphytic

nature, it is recommended to grow them in

soil that is supplemented with high amounts of organic material.

The plant has been grown successfully in sandy soils. Shade is

sometimes provided in hot climates. Flowers are ornate and

beautiful, and many related species are propagated as

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ornamentals. They bloom only at night, and usually last just

one night where pollination is necessary to set fruit. In full

production, pitahaya plants can have up to 4-6 fruiting cycles per year.

Propagation: By seed, or by stem cuttings

xiv. Guava

The guava tree is a low evergreen tree or shrub 6 to 25 feet

high, with wide spreading branches and downy twigs. The

branches are very strong and highly tolerant to high winds. The

leaves are oblong or oval and blunt, 3 to 6 inches long, and

feather-veined. T he fruit is yellow and lemon-shaped. Some

fruits may be brownish yellow.

The inside of the fruit

has pink or cream-

colored pulp and small

hard seeds. Guava grows

in almost any type of

soil.

For fruit production, it is

recommended that the guava trees are not planted in areas of high wind.

Seedling orchard should be planted with an operational area of

24 to 25 feet between rows with trees planted in-row at 8 to 12

foot spacing because of economic reasons. Guava fruit are

hand picked. Guavas require care when being picked and

harvest cannot go on for more than 2 to 3 days during the

height of the season because of potential losses from insects

and overripe fruit.

Guava is used to produce jams, jellys, and juices commercially.

Guava may be eaten raw or cooked. Guavas are an excellent

source of vitamin C and also contain iron calcium, and phosphorus.

Guava trees can be nursery propagated by grafting, by budding,

by stem cutting (succulent green stems), or by root cuttings

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xv. Gurmar

Gurmar leaf (Gymnema sylvestre). This remarkable herb, well

known in Ayurvedic medicine, is just

beginning to get serious attention in the

United States. When chewed, the plant’s

leaves interfere with the ability to taste

sweetness, which explains its Hindi name,

gurmar, “destroyer of sugar.”

It has been used in India for the treatment

of diabetes for more than 2,000 years. Used primarily for type 2

diabetes, its benefits extend to type 1, and it continues to be

recommended today in India. The leaves raise insulin levels

when administered to healthy volunteers. Gurmar tends to be a

blood sugar balancer, lowering glucose significantly only in

hyperglycemic people. It also significantly improves cholesterol

and triglyceride levels. Traditionally, 6 to 12 grams of the

powdered leaf each day is used. Studies recently performed in

India have used 400 mg daily of an extract of the leaves. In

type 2 diabetics, ongoing use for periods as long as 18 to 24

months has been successful. In type 1 diabetic patients, a

similar amount of 400 mg daily has been used as an adjunct to ongoing use of insulin.

In one recent study at the University of Madras, gurmar showed

the potential for repairing the pancreas and raising the output

of insulin to normal levels. Another Indian study reported that

25 percent of the participants were able to discontinue all diabetes medication with the use of gurmar.

xvi. Ubi jaga

Ubi Jaga is a creeper plant that grown wild in the tropical forest

in South East Asia. It improves blood circulation. It is

traditionally used as one of herbal medicine to strengthen male

energy, as a general tonic, and to increase

body metabolism. Extracts from this plant

possess significant activity against

enterobacterial infections in humans. Also,

this plant was able to counteract the

inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizic acid (active

ingredient of liquorice) and the deleterious

effect of corticosterone (glucocorticoid) on

testicular 11â-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

oxidative activity, as well as plasma testosterone levels in intact

rats. Further studies also show that this plant and

deoxycorticosterone (corticosteroid) competitively blocked each

other at the glucocorticoid receptor affecting the above

oxidative activity and as such, administration of this plant

counteracted the effects of deoxycorticosterone on plasma

testosterone levels in normal rats. In addition, this plant

counteracted the effects of dexamethasone (glucocorticoid) on plasma testosterone and estradiol levels in normal rats

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3. HERBAL PRODUCTS DERIVED

List of effervescent products to be derived from plants and herbs above

PLANTING SCHEDULE

Table 1: Area planted (acres)

Yr 2008 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

mangosteen 6 6 6

tongkat ali 6 6 6

kacip fatimah 4 4 4

hempedu bumi 1 1 1

misai kucing 1 1 1

safed musli 5 5 5

amla plant 1 1 1

roselle 2 2 2

jatropha 6 6 6

mas cotek 1 1 1

peria 1 1 1

pegaga 1 1 1

dragon fruit 5 5 5

guava 2 2 2

gurmar 1 1 1

ubi jaga 1 1 1

Aloe vera 4 4 4

NURSERY 2 2 2

Total area 50 50 50

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Table 2: WORK SCHEDULE

Gantt Chart

No. Item/ months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 - Land clearing & terracing

2 - Seed selection & germination

3 - Soil preparation

4 - Nursery

5 - Transfer to field

6 - Pest & disease control

7 - Weeding

8 - Fertilizer application

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Table 3: CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Capital Expenditure

No. Item Unit Qty Cost/Unit Quarter 1

Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4

1 Land development

- Land clearing,terracing, roads & drainage ac 50 3,000 150,000 - - -

- Fencing ac 50 500

25,000 - -

Subtotal (RM)

175,000 - -

2 Office and Nursery setup

2.1 Supporting Infrastructure

- Farm Office/ Laboratories unit 1 200,000 200,000

- Workers quarters unit 5 40,000 80,000 120,000

- Seed bed unit 10 300

3,000 - -

- Store/ Toolshed unit 1 20,000

20,000 - -

Subtotal (RM)

423,000 320,000 -

2.2 Vehicles,Tools & equipment

- Pick-up trucks unit 1 80,000 80,000

- 4-wheel tractor unit 1 50,000 50,000

- Irrigation system unit 5 5,000

25,000 - -

- Watering can unit 20 10 200 - -

- Sprayer unit 20 100 2,000 - -

- Plastic pail unit 20 5 100 - -

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- Wheel barrow unit 20 80 160 - -

Subtotal (RM) 157,460 - -

3 Total RM 580,460 320,000 -

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

The total estimated capital expenditure: RM 900,460

Land clearing

A 50 acre area will be identified and cleared of for the purpose of establishing the herbal garden. The area will be increased to 100 acres within 3 years.

Terracing

Terracing will be carried out along the slopes to facilitate planting and for road access in the farm

Fencing

The whole 50 acre area will be fenced out to protect against animals and unwanted elements.

Nursery

A specific area will be dedicated as nursery for the plants and herbs to be planted in the field.

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Store

A store and garage for the machines, vehicles and farm equipment will be erected within the office and laboratory compound.

Office/ laboratories

The office block will comprise of offices for the farm manager, supervisors and laboratory assistants. Working space for

visiting researchers and scientists for seed selection and hybrid seedlings production will be made available. Adequate laboratory equipments for hybrid selection and field trials will be provided.

Farm equipments

Farm equipments include tractors, farm tools, sprayers and irrigation system such as pumps, sprinklers and water tanks.

Pick-up trucks and other vehicles for farm and office tasks will be provided.

Living quarters

Living quarters for workers and visiting researchers and associates will be constructed to accommodate up to 50 people at any time.

The office blocks and living quarters are designed to fit the resort environment and preserve the aesthetic view of the property, thus project a conducive and eco-friendly atmosphere for the work team as well as visitors to this herbal garden

reflecting the natural herbal products marketed by the company.

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OPERATING EXPENSES

The operating expenses for the herbal garden which include the labour, materials and maintenance is estimated at RM 258,000 for the first year.

Manpower

The manpower requirement includes the management, supervisors and contract workers.

Details of manpower requirement:-

1. Farm manager 1 2. clerical 2 3. supervisors 2

4. workers 18

total 23

The farm managers, supervisors and administrators will be paid by the management agency while the workers will be employed as contract or outsourced workers.

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Table 4: NURSERY AND PLANTATION LABOUR/MATERIAL REQUIREMENT

Cost Breakdown (nursery and

plantaion )

No. Item Unit Qty Cost/Unit Annual Cost Cost/prod. cycle

1 Labour

- Seed selection & germination man days 50 20 6,000 1,000

- Soil preparation man days 100 20 12,000 2,000

- Bagging man days 17 20 2,000 333

- Transfer into storage site man days 8 20 1,000 167

- Arrangement man days 8 20 1,000 167

- Pest & disease management man days 50 20 6,000 1,000

- Weeding man days 100 20 12,000 2,000

- Fertilizer application man days 100 20 12,000 2,000

- Watering man days 250 20 30,000 5,000

- Transfer out to field man days 50 20 6,000 1,000

Subtotal (RM) 733 88,000 14,667

2 Materials

- Seeds/ cuttings/seedlings kg 1,000 0 10,000 1,667

- Top soil kg 10,000 0 40,000 6,667

- Manure kg 1,000 0 10,000 1,667

- Fertilizer (NPK) kg 15,000 0 15,000 2,500

- Polybags pieces 50,000 0 50,000 8,333

Subtotal (RM) 125,000 20,833

3 Maintenance

- Planting tools nursery 1 500 3,000 500

- Roads ha 50 120 6,000 1000

- Drainage ha 50 120 6,000 1000

- vehicle and farm equipment ha 50 0 30,000 5,000

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Subtotal (RM) 45,000 7,500

4 Total (RM)) RM 258,000 43,000

PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AGENCY

The herbal garden and plantation will be managed by an plantation management agency to enable a professionally managed

farm as well as to provide farm management consultancy and production management to contract farms and nursery to be set either as a franchise or independent farm set up. The total capital and operational expenditures of the agency is

estimated at RM 318,225 for the first year.

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Table 5 : PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AGENCY

No. Item Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

A Size of area to establish ac 50 20 30

-

-

- Cummulative area ac 50 70 100

100

100

B Management Staff

1 Quantity required

- Manager (10kha) 1 1 1

1

1

- Assistant Manager (5kha) 1 1

1

1

- Labour Managers (100ha) 1 1 1

1

1

- Assistant Labour Managers (10ha) - - -

-

-

- Accountant - - -

-

-

- Agronomist 1 1 1

1

1

- Field Auditor - - -

-

-

- Agriculture Extension Officers (10kha) - - -

-

-

- Office admin/secretaries (HQ) 1 1 1

1

1

- Office admin/secretaries (Regional Office) 1 1 1

1

1

- Driver (1kha) 0 0 1

1

1

Herbavescent Herbal Garden Page 22

RM/mth Benefits Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

2 Salaries & Benefits

- Manager (10kha) 4,000 1.35 64,800 64,800 64,800

64,800

64,800

- Assistant Manager (1kha) 2,000 1.35 32,400 32,400 32,400

32,400

32,400

- Labour Managers (100ha) 1,500 1.25 11,250 66,375 235,125

235,125

235,125

- Assistant Labour Managers (10ha) 1,000 1.25 - - -

-

-

- Accountant 2,000 1.30 - - -

-

-

- Agronomist 2,000 1.30 31,200 31,200 31,200

31,200

31,200

- Field Auditor 2,000 1.30 - - -

-

-

- Agriculture Extension Officers (10kha) 1,500 1.30 - - -

-

-

- Office admin/secretaries (HQ) 1,000 1.25 15,000 15,000 15,000

15,000

15,000

- Office admin/secretaries (Regional Office) 800 1.25 36,000 36,000 36,000

36,000

36,000

- Driver 700 1.25 525 3,098 10,973

10,973

10,973

Subtotal (RM) 191,175 248,873 425,498

425,498

425,498

C Operating Expenses

- HQ operating cost 500 n/a 6,000 6,000 6,000

6,000

6,000

- Business travel & accommodation 5,000 n/a 60,000 60,000 60,000

60,000

60,000

- Legal, audit and consultants 2,500 n/a 30,000 30,000 30,000

30,000

30,000

- Software maintenance 500 n/a 6,000 6,000 6,000

6,000

6,000

Herbavescent Herbal Garden Page 23

- Regional office rental/operating cost 2,000 n/a 24,000 24,000 24,000

24,000

24,000

Subtotal (RM) 126,000 126,000 126,000

126,000

126,000

D Total Operating Expenditure (RM) 280,725 283,298 291,173

291,173

291,173

OPEX per hectare (RM/ha) 5,615 4,047 2,912 2,912 2,912

E Capital Expenditure

1 Quantity required

- PCs in HQ 2 - -

-

-

- PCs in Regional Office 3 - -

-

-

- Office equipment (HQ) 1 - -

-

-

- Office equipment (Regional Offices) 1 - -

-

-

- HQ Setup & ERP systems/software 1 - -

-

-

2 Capital Cost

- PCs in HQ 4,000 n/a 8,000 - -

-

-

- PCs in Regional Office 4,000 n/a 12,000 - -

-

-

- Office equipment (HQ) 2,500 n/a 2,500 - -

-

-

- Office equipment (Regional Offices) 5,000 n/a 5,000 - -

-

-

- HQ Setup & ERP systems/software 10,000 n/a 10,000 - -

-

-

Total Capital Expenditure (RM) 37,500 - -

-

-

CAPEX per hectare (RM/ha) 750.00 - - - -

Herbavescent Herbal Garden Page 24

MODUS OPERANDI FOR HYBRID SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION

The herbal garden / plantation will be the centre for the selection and propagation of superior plants and herbs species listed

above with the goal of achieving best yielding plants and herbal extract from the selected clones and varieties.

The selection of mother plants and seedlings will be made through commercial and scientific collaboration with various agencies and bodies around the globe to ensure only the best species and varieties are selected and propagated.

The farm will only be planted with parent stocks plants that have already been certified or endorsed by the relevant body

such as the Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute (MARDI) , Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and other related agencies.

The company’s team of agronomists and scientists will carry out the seed collection from parent stock, and hybrid selection

and field trials to produce the seedlings and plantlets either through cloning or tissue culture accordingly.

The seedlings and plantlets that are produced by the company will comply with international standard of seed certification procedure thus guarantee the yield and characteristics of the seedlings and plants as stipulated. Each variety or clone will be

branded and marketed to contract farmers or registered buyers.

Herbavescent Herbal Garden Page 25

Chart 1: Schematic Modus Operandii

For research and development purpose, the company will engage

professional plant breeders, agronomist as well as herbal scientists from local and foreign universities, research agencies, seed producers and

other government agencies. Local herbs such as tongkat ali, hempedu bumi, ubi jaga and others, FRIM

will provide expert advice and proper variety and species selection to identify potential parent stock.

As for plants and herbal stock plant from other continent such as safed musli, amla, aloe vera , gurmar and jatropha, the company will

collaborate with experts from India, Indonesia and China who have done extensive research and field trials to select the best variety and best

agronomic practices to develop commercial scale farms.

Buy Back R&D

Technology Training Expellers and Extraction

Nursery centers Logistics and Supply chain Mgmt. Operations

GroBio Sdn Bhd

Production Centers

Herbal Garden

Franchisee

Mobilize customers

To identify and tap farmers, corporate and Cooperatives

Service to the farmers Co-ordinate with Financial institutions, Insurance companies, government agencies etc To co-ordinate with production center for Supplies and logistics

To offer package of agricultural practices to farmers

Contract farmers

Registered buyers

Buy back arrangement Production assistance Quality inputs

Research & development

colloboration

MARDI Dept of Agriculture

FRIM UPM

NANDAN Technology Park Malaysia

Herbavescent Herbal Garden Page 26

The company shall collaborate with Biotech Centre Technology Park

Malaysia in Raub, Pahang to produce plantlets using its tissue culture facilities and laboratory. The centre would be used for the herbal extracts

and finger printing of all the herbal ingredients that are used for the company’s herbal products. This will ensure all our herbal products are produced with the highest manufacturing standards as well as maintain

product traceability to plant sources for safety procedures.

As for the contract farmers around TPM’s vicinity, the company will engage them as registered seedlings or planting material producers. The company will develop standard operating procedure for registered

producers to ensure uniformity and quality products and eventually the herbal extracts for our products to the world market.

The company aims to be the leader in herbal products from its sources that is produced from the quality plants and herbal extracts that it owns

and patented to ensure continued growth and consumers confidence.