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JOB SATISFACTION AMONG NURSES:
A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF NURSES EMPLOYED IN
GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE HOSPITALSMs.Taranjit a!r Ra"#Ms.S$i%a Ma&i'(
Organization comprises of people, it is their satisfaction which can make or
mars the performance of an organization. Employee satisfaction is important
in determining how far an organization achieves its goals. Job satisfaction
leads to life satisfaction. Job satisfaction is generally regarded as an
employees attitude toward the job and job situation. pector !"##$% defines
job satisfaction simply as &the degree to which people like their jobs.' ome
people therefore enjoy work and consider it a central part of their lives while
others do so only because they have to. (obbins !)**+% defines job
satisfaction as &a collection of feelings that an individual holds towards his
or her job.' his implies that a person with a high level of job satisfaction
will hold positive feelings towards the job and a person who is dissatisfied
will hold negative feelings about the job. -ocke !"#$% as cited by /ooper
and -ocke !)***% offers a further definition of job satisfaction as a
&pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones
job or job e0periences.' Job satisfaction is also defined in terms of e1uity.
(obbins et al. !)**2% define job satisfaction as &the difference between the
rewards employees receive and the reward they believe they should receive.'
he higher this discrepancy, the lower will be the job satisfaction.
Job dissatisfaction leads to absenteeism, labour turnover andnegative publicity of the organization. 3nsatisfied worker can prove to be a
liability to any organization and on the other hand happy and satisfied
worker is always a productive worker.
4urses contribute very important position in health care sector.
5elping sick people and dealing with medical emergencies can be very
stressful. 6atients need )7 hrs care. 4ursing duty is around the clock duty
including night shifts. hey often work nights, weekends and even on
holidays. here is a considerable amount of health hazard from disease,
infection and radiation. 8 nurse is responsible9along with other health care
professionals9for the treatment, safety, and recovery of acutely or
chronically ill or injured people, health maintenance of the healthy, and
treatment of life: threatening emergencies in a wide range of health care
settings.
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page "
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professionalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_(medical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professionalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_(medical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_(medicine)8/13/2019 comparative study on hospital employees
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4urses may also be involved in medical and nursing researchand perform a
wide range of non:clinical functions necessary to deliver health care. hus,
studying job satisfaction among nurses is important because it is necessary
to distinguish between positive and negative aspects of job satisfaction.
5ertzberg !"#+#% stated that !positive% satisfaction is due to goode0periences, and that these are due to ?motivators@ i.e. achievement,
recognition, the work itself, responsibility and advancement.
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UNIVERSE OF THE STUDY) SAMPLING DESIGN AND
SAMPLE SI*E:8
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o analyze the perception of nurses towards their job, the data is analyzed
by bringing raw data to measured data, summarizing the data and then
applying analytical method to manipulate the data so that their
interrelationship and 1uantitative meaning become evident. Other
instruments used to analyze and interpret the collected data include piecharts, bar diagrams, tabulation and rank method.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
"% he views of nurses were obtained from /handigarh and Aohali only.
hese views may not be attributed to the nurses of the whole country
because of economic, social and cultural differences in the attitude and
preferences.
)% he 1uestionnaire method has the limitation of providing the limited
information.
2%
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atisfaction level with
6ay scalesH options.
;overnment
5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
4o. G
ery much satisfied C "G ) 7G
Aoderately satisfied )# +C G 2* *G
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work load to be e0cessive for them i.e. 7G. hus, nurses from both the
sectors have e0cessive work to do.
Iuantum of workHoptions
;overnment5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital4urses
4o. G
ery a0ing ")G 7 CG
E0cessive work ) +)G 2) 7G
Aoderate work "C 2G "7 )CG
ery light * *G * *G
O8- 43(E +* "**G +* "**G
#
2#
18
0
$
32
1$
00
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Very ta%ig &%cessive 'or( Moderate 'or( Very light
Quantum of work
Numberofnurses
Govermet Hos!ital "rivate 'or(
+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITH ,ORING HOURS
4urses have to face long working hours in government and private hospitals
both but at the same time most of them feel the working hours to be
convenient for them. Aost of the government nurses i.e. 7G say that they
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page
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have long but convenient working hours and same is the case with private
nurses where most of them i.e. +G have long but convenient working
hours.
>orking 5oursH
options
;overnment
5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
4o. G
ery -ong * *G * *G
-ong C "G "" ))G
-ong but /onvenient )2 7G )C +G
=le0ible 5ours "# 2CG "" ))G
O8- 43(E +* "**G +* "**G
0
8
23
19
0
11
28
11
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Very )og )og )og *ut
+oveiet
,le%i*le
Working Hours
NumberofNurses
Govermet Hos!ital -urses "rivate Hos!ital -urses
/+ RELATIONSHIPS ,ITH COLLAEGUES
Aost of the ;overnment nurses i.e.7CG have 6rofessional and competitive
relationship with their colleagues whereas most of the private nurses i.e.
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page $
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7G have /ordial but 6rofessional relationship with their colleagues .5ence,
nurses from private sector are said to be more satisfied because they have
cordial relationships with their colleagues which helps to develop better
team work and smooth work environment.
(elationships with
colleaguesH options
;overnment
5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
4o. G
ery cordial 2 G 7 CG
/ordial but
6rofessional
)2 7G 2) 7G
6rofessional and
competitive
)7 7CG "7 )CG
trained * *G * *G
O8- 43(E +* "**G +* "**G
3
232$
0$
32
1$
00
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Very cordial +ordial *ut
"rofessioal
"rofessioal
adcom!etitive
.traied
Relationships with colleagues
NumberofNurses
Govermet Hos!ital -urses "rivate Hos!ital -urses
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page C
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0+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITH BEHAVIOUR OF
SUPERIORS
uperior has to be co:operative along with being demanding and
professional in order to increase job satisfaction among its employees. Aostof the superiors in government hospital are very cooperative i.e. 2G. ut in
private hospitals superiors are cooperative but at the same time very
demanding i.e. G. hus, satisfaction among government nurses is more.
ehaviour of
uperiorH options
;overnment
5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
4o. G
8utocratic ) 7G 2 G
6rofessional and
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2
1#1$
18
3
8
33
#
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
/utocratic "rofessioalad
Demadig
+oo!erative*ut
Demadig
Verycoo!erative
Behaviour of Superior
NumberofNurses
Govermet Hos!ital -urses "rivate Hos!ital -urses
1+ AVAILIBILITY OF SOCIAL SECURITY SCHEMES
ocial security
schemeHoptions
;overnment
5ospital 4urses
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
6ension 2+ *
;ratuity )"
-eave encashment )* +
/6= 2"
E6= 2 C
;6= 2) *;roup insurance "*
8ny other * *
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page "*
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35
21 20
#3
32
10
00
# 5
31
8
0
#
005
101520
253035
$0
"esio
Gratu
tity
)eavee
cashme
t +",
&",
G",
Grou
!0
surace
1the
rs
Social Security Scheme
NumberofNurses
Govermet Hos!ital -urses "rivate Hos!ital -urses
2+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITHSOCIAL SECURITY
SCHEMES
Aore amounts of social security schemes always lead to increase in level of
job satisfaction. Aajority of the government nurses find the social security
schemes available to them as moderately ade1uate i.e. 77G but same is not
the case with private nurses where majority of them feel social security
schemes to be inade1uate i.e. 7G. hus, in government nurses the level of
satisfaction is more in regard to social security schemes as compared to
private nurses where very few nurses are satisfied.
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page ""
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atisfaction with
ocial security
schemeH options
;overnment
5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
4o. G
8de1uate "C 2G + "*G
Aoderately 8de1uate )) 77G "2 )G
Dnade1uate "* )*G 2) 7G
O8- 43(E +* "**G +* "**G
Satisfaction with Social Security Scheme
18
22
10
5
13
32
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
/deuate Moderately /deuate adeuate
Social Security Scheme
NumberofNurses
Govermet Hos!ital -urses "rivate Hos!ital -urses
3+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITHPROMOTION POLICY
4urses are in favour of seniority cum merit type of promotion policy. Aost
of the government nurses say that eniority type of promotion policy is
followed in their organisation as such majority of the nurses i.e. 7)G aredissatisfied with this type of promotion policy whereas in private hospitals
most of the nurses say that eniority cum Aerit type of promotion policy is
mostly adopted as such majority of the nurses i.e. 27G are satisfied with the
promotion policy. hus, nurses from private sector are more satisfied with
the promotion policy of their organisation.
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page ")
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atisfaction level
with 6romotion
policy options
;overnment
5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
4o. G
5ighly satisfied ) 7G # "CG
Aoderately satisfied "# 2CG " 2)G
atisfied C "G "$ 27G
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private hospitals are comparatively newly built as compared to government
hospitals. hus, private nurses are more satisfied.
atisfaction level withworking conditionsoptions
;overnment5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital4urses
4o. G
5ighly satisfied " )G ")G
Aoderately satisfied )# +CG "2 )G
4eutral C "G ") )7G
atisfied $ "7G "# 2CG
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1
29
8 75#
13 12
19
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Highly
satisfied
Moderately
satisfied
-eutral .atisfied Dissatisfied
Level of satisfaction with Working conitions
NumberofNurses
Govermet Hos!ital -urses "rivate Hos!ital -urses
#5+ AVAILIBILITY OFGRO,TH OPPORTUNITIES
;rowth opportunities are available more in government hospitals thus nursesfrom this sector are more satisfied.
;rowth
opportunities
options
;overnment
5ospital 4urses
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
raining +* +*
(efresher courses " C
eminars "
>orkshops )" *
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page "+
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50
1# 1#21
50
8 #0
0
10
20
30
$0
50
#0
raiig 4efresher
+ourses
.emiars or(sho!s
!rowth opportunities
NumberofNurses
Govermet Hos!ital -urses "rivate Hos!ital -urses
##+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITH NURSING PROFESSION.
8ll the nurses i.e. "**G from both the sectors are proud of their
profession. hey think it to be very noble and caring profession.
Options ;overnment
5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital
4urses
4o. G
Fes +* "**G +* "**G
4o * *G * *G
O8-
43(E
+* "**G +* "**G
#(+ JOB SECURITY
Aore number of government hospital nurses i.e. C)G have job security as
such they are more satisfied with their job whereas most of the private
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page "
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hospital nurses i.e. $)G dont have security with their job as such they
seemed to less satisfied.
Options ;overnment5ospital 4urses
4o. G
6rivate 5ospital4urses
4o. G
Fes 7" C)G "7 )CG
4o # "CG 2 $)G
O8- 43(E +* "**G +* "**G
Number of !overnment Hospital Nurses who
have "ob security#
826
186
es -o
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page "$
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Number of Private Hospital Nurses who have
"ob security#
286
726
es -o
#1+ INTENTION TO LEAVE THE JOB
Aajority of nurses from both government and private hospitals are willing to
opt for voluntary retirement scheme due to their family responsibilities.
hey find difficult to manage their job and family both at the same time.
Options ;overnment
5ospital 4urses 4o. G
6rivate 5ospital
4urses 4o. G
o ettle 8broad "# 2CG )) 77G
On Aedical asis + "*G + "*G
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19
5
25
1
22
5
23
00
5
10
15
20
25
30
o .ettle
/*road
medical
asis
Due to family
4es!osi*ilities
Due to 'or(
.ic(ess
$oluntary Retirement Scheme
NumberofNurses
Govermet Hos!ital -urses "rivate Hos!ital -urses
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
his study was done to know the level of job satisfaction among nurses
of government and private hospitals which is affected by many factors both
intrinsic and e0trinsic. C"n6&!si"ns ar7 8ra9n "n t$7 asis "; r7s!&ts
"tain78:
here is a significant difference in the level of job satisfaction
among nurses in both government and private sector. hough nurses
of both the sectors are 1uite satisfied from their job but comparatively
overall the government nurses are more satisfied with their job as
compared to private nurses. Aost of the nurses from both ;overnment and private hospital are
moderately satisfied from their pay scales.
4urses from both the sectors think they have to do e0cessive work.
4urses from both government and private hospitals have long but
convenient working hours.
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page "#
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atisfaction among private nurses is more with regard to relationships
with their colleagues.
Aost of government nurses are of the view that their superiors are
very cooperative.
;overnment 4urses are more satisfied from the social securityschemes available in their organisations.
6rivate hospitals follow seniority cum merit type of promotion policy.
5ence on this account satisfaction in private nurses is more.
6rivate 4urses are more satisfied from the working conditions of their
organisation.
;overnment hospitals provide more growth opportunities so nurses in
this sector are more satisfied as compared to private nurses.
;overnment nurses are more proud to be associated with their
organisation as compared to private nurses.
8ll the nurses from both the sectors are proud of their profession.
8s compared to private nurses government nurses is less in number
who is willing to shift from their job .he reason being they are more
satisfied.
Job security is more in government nurses whereas in private nurses
job security level is very less this is another factor responsible of less
job satisfaction among private nurses.
Aost of the nurses from both the sectors are nurses are willing to opt
for voluntary retirement scheme due their family responsibilities.
8ccording to the study conducted nurses from both the
sectors seemed to be 1uite satisfied from their jobs. 5owever the level of
satisfaction is found to be more in case of government nurses as compared to
the private nurses but at the same time there are certain factors on which
private nurses are more satisfied. Dmproved job satisfaction results in fewer
turnovers, better 1uality patient care, less physical and mental injuries to
health care staff, and will lead to betterment of entire organisation. hus in
order to increase the level of job satisfaction among nurses hospital
management should keep abreast with up to date technology, rationalize
compensation and promotion policy, establish grievance redressal forums
and must provide more and more professional growth opportunities.
"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page )*
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
". 6alas ( en ;upta and 8jay 8dhikari, &(ole stress among nurses'he
Dcfai journal of organisational behaviour, ol.$, 4o. ", ,)**C
). 8.Kalai elvi, &Job satisfaction of hospital employees'. 5(< imes L
Aarch )**C
2. 4eerpal (athi and (enu (astogi & Job satisfaction and psychological
well:being' he Dcfai university journal of organisational behaviour,
ol.$, 4o. 7, )**C
7. ; Jegadeesan &Job satisfactionB a conceptual framework' he Dcfai
journal of organisational behaviour, ol., 4o. 7, October )**$.
+.
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"8ssistant 6rofessor, ri ;uru ;obind ingh /ollege, ector ), /handigarh )8ssistant 6rofessor, omen,
ector 7+, /handigarh Page ))