Comparative Study on Faunal and Floralwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2008/program/Lake2008... · 2009-05-14 · 3.0 Results and Discussion A comparative ecological study was undertaken

Comparative Study on Faunal and FloralComparative Study on Faunal and Floral Diversity in a Pond and Thirumalairajan Comparative Study on Faunal and Floral Diversity in a Pond and Thirumalairajan Comparative Study on Faunal and Floral Diversity in a Pond and Thirumalairayan

Ri i Ad b P d i Vill f

Diversity in a Pond and Thirumalairajan River in AdambarPadugai Village of Thiruvaruar District Tamil Nadu

Diversity in a Pond and Thirumalairajan River in AdambarPadugai Village of Thiruvaruar District Tamil NaduRiver in AdambarPadugai Village of Thiruvaruar District, Tamil Nadu

Thiruvaruar District, Tamil NaduThiruvaruar District, Tamil Nadu

,Moovendan N*, Selvam K** and Ramakrishnan N**

Moovendran N*, Selvam K** and Ramakrishnan N**Moovendran N*, Selvam K** and Ramakrishnan N**

* Department of Zoology, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam – 612001** Department of Botany, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam – 612001* Department of Zoology, Govt. Arts College

(Autonomous) Kumbakonam – 612001* Department of Zoology, Govt. Arts College

(Autonomous) Kumbakonam – 612001(Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612001** Department of Botany, Govt. Arts College

(Autonomous), Kumbakonam – 612001

(Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612001** Department of Botany, Govt. Arts College

(Autonomous), Kumbakonam – 612001( ),( ),

A comparative ecological study was undertaken in a small natural undertaken in a small natural

shallow Pond and Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village River in Adambar Padugai Village

(small natural shallow Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) in Adambar Padugai Village) in

Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu

3.0 Results and Discussion

A comparative ecological study was undertaken in a small natural shallow Pond and Thirumalairayanin a small natural shallow Pond and Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village for its Floral and

Faunal diversity with reference to water quality.y q y

The study sites wise dominating algal groups as well as i i b th th t (Ri d P d)species in both the ecosystems (River and Pond) were

presented in Table 1a and 1b.

3.1 Phytoplankton populationOf the 28 phytoplankton species recorded in total of four

sites in Thirumalairayan River at Adambar Padugai Village y g gthe following three species like Scenedesmus dimorphus ,

Cyclotella sp. and Oscillatoria sp. Vaucher were dominating in all the four study sites (Table 1a).

On the other hand based on division wise density analyzed y yin both the experimental water bodies (Table 1a and 1b) clearly indicated that in river ecosystem (Table 1a) the

species belongs to division Bacillariophyta were dominating with 10 species whereas the pond ecosystem (experimental

Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) (Table 1b) wasPond in, Adambar Padugai Village) (Table 1b) was dominated by the division Cyanophyta with 8 species.

Table 1a List of Phytoplankton in different experimental sites of the Thirumalairayan River

S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV

1 Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck + - - +

2 Closterium acerosum (Schrank) E - + + -

3 Cl.dianae Ehr. - + + +

4 Comarium granatum Breb + - + +

5 C. nudum Turn. - + - +5 C. nudum Turn.

6 Selenastrum gracile Reinch + + - -

7 Scenedesmus acuminatus + - + +

8 S. dimorphus + + + +

9 Pediastrum duplex Meyem. - + - +

10 Desmidium sp. - - + +

11 Phacus orbicularis Huebnear + + + -

12 Euglena acus - + - +

13 Amphora gigantea Cl. + - + +

14 Cyclotella sp. + + + +

15 Cymbella affinis Kutz. - + - +

16 Melosira sp. + + + -

17 Navicula gracilis Ehr. + - + +

18 Nitzschia bilobata Grun. - + + +

19 Pinnularia ambigua Cl. + - + +

20 Synedra acus ( Kutz.) Ehr. + + - +

21 S. ulna ( Kutz.) Ehr. - + + +

22 Diatoma vulgare ( Fricke ) H + - + +

23 Aphanocapsa sp. Montana Cramer - + + +

24 Chroococcus minutus ( Kuetz ) Nag. + + - +

25 Gleocapsa sp. + - + -

26 Scytonema sp - + - +

27 Spirulina sp. - - + -

28 Oscillatoria sp. Vaucher + + + +

Table 1b List of Phytoplankton in different experimental sites of the Pond in Adambar Padugai Village

S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV

1 Closterium acerosum (Schrank) E - + + -

2 Comarium granatum Breb + - + +

3 Scenedesmus acuminatus + + - +3 Scenedesmus acuminatus

4 Pediastrum duplex Meyem. + + - +

5 Desmidium sp. + + + -

6 Amphora gigantea Cl + + - +6 Amphora gigantea Cl. + + - +

7 Nitzschia bilobata Grun. + - + +

8 Synedra acus ( Kutz.) Ehr. - + - +

9 Ch i t ( K t ) N + + +9 Chroococcus minutus ( Kuetz ) Nag. - + + +

10 Gleocapsa sp. + - - -

11 Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz - + + +

12 Nostoc muscorum Ag. Ex. Born. Et + + + -

13 Cylindrospermum majus Kutzing ex. + + - +

14 Oscillatoria acuta Bruhl & Biswas - + - +

15 O.chalybea ( Mertens ) Gom. + - + -

16 O. princes Vaucher ex Gom. + + - +

3.2 Zooplankton population

Zooplankton population of the Thirumalairayan River at p p p yAdambar Padugai Village was analyzed in four study sites

and the results are presented in Table 2a.

In total 11 species were recorded of which only one species like Monostyla sp recorded in all the four study sites during

the entire period of study. Followed this 7 species were dominating in three study sites.

In these seven species three species like Daphnia Catawba, Macrocyclops albidus and Cyclops was density wise dominating in all the four study sites in the river

Table 2a: Zooplankton diversity in the experimental sitesof the Thirumalairayan River

S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV

1 Daphnia Catawba (2 mm) - + + +

2 D. retrocurva + + - -

3 Macrocyclops albidus + - + +

4 Diaptomus kenai - + + -

5 D. nudus + + - +

6 D i6 D. oregonensis + + - +

7 Cyclops - + + +

8 Macrocyclops albidus + - + +8 Macrocyclops albidus + + +

9 Lecane + + + -

10 Monostyla + + + +

11 Asplanchna - + + -

In the experimental pond (Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) in total 8 zooplankton were recorded and theVillage) in total 8 zooplankton were recorded and the

result was presented in Table 2b.

Based on density wise dominating species were Daphnia retrocurva Cypris larva LecaneDaphnia retrocurva, Cypris larva, Lecane

Cyclops and Macrocyclops albidus .

Maximum number of species (6) was recorded in site II and all other sites only 5 species werein site II and all other sites only 5 species were

recorded throughout the study period

Table 2b Zooplankton recorded in different sites of Pond in Adambar Padugai Village

S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV

1 Daphnia retrocurva + - + +

2 Bosmina longirostris + + - -

3 Cypris larva - + + +

4 Lecane + + + -

5 Monostyla + - - +

6 Asplanchna - + + -

7 Cyclops + + - +

8 Macrocyclops albidus - + + +

3.3 Fish populationp pA small natural shallow Pond in Adambar A small natural shallow Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) and the River sitePadugai Village) and the River sitePadugai Village) and the River site Padugai Village) and the River site

(Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village (Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village were analyzed for the fish population too and thewere analyzed for the fish population too and thewere analyzed for the fish population too and the were analyzed for the fish population too and the results was presented in Table 3a and Table 3b results was presented in Table 3a and Table 3b

respectivelyrespectivelyrespectively. respectively.

In Thirumalairayan River Catla catla wasIn Thirumalairayan River Catla catla wasIn Thirumalairayan River Catla catla was In Thirumalairayan River Catla catla was dominating for the entire period of study whereas in dominating for the entire period of study whereas in

Pond ecosystem Labeo rohita was observed asPond ecosystem Labeo rohita was observed asPond ecosystem Labeo rohita was observed as Pond ecosystem Labeo rohita was observed as dominating species.dominating species.

Table 3a Fish diversity in study sites of Thirumalairayan Rivery

S. No Species Family Habitate

1 Catla catla Cyprinidae Benthopelagic

2 Labeo bata Cyprinidae Benthopelagic

3 Labeo rohita Cyprinidae Benthopelagic

4 Wallaco attu Siluridae Demersal

Table 3b Fish diversity in study site of Pond in Adambar Padugai Village

S. No Species Family Habitate

1 L b hit C i id B th l i1 Labeo rohita Cyprinidae Benthopelagic

2 Labeo bata Cyprinidae benthopelagic

3 Wallaco attu Siluridae Demersal

3 4 Macro benthos3.4 Macro-benthosIn the experimental Pond (Adambar Padugai Vill ) l 4 i f b thVillage) only 4 species of macro-benthos were recorded and the result was recorded in Table

44.

Of th 4 i Di d G dOf the 4 species Diptera sp and Gastropoda sp were dominating throughout the period of

t d I th t d it b thstudy. In other study site macro-benthos were not recorded during the study period

Table 4 Macro-benthos species in the experimentalTable 4 Macro benthos species in the experimentalsites of Pond in Adambar Padugai Village

S. No

Name of the species Site I Site II Site III

Site IV

1 Diptera sp + - + +

2 Tubifex sp. + - - +

3 Gastropoda - + + +p

4 Chironomous sp. + - + +

3 4 Water insect diversity3.4 Water insect diversity

W t i t di it t di d i thWater insect diversity was studied in the experimental pond (Pond in Adambar Padugai

Vill ) d th lt t d i T bl 5Village) and the results are presented in Table 5.

Th th t i t d d d i thThere are three water insects recorded during the entire period of study and also interesting to note th t ll th i t i d i ti i llthat all the insect species were dominating in all

the four study sites

Table 5 Water insect diversity in study i fsites of the Pond in Adambar Padugai

VillageS. No

Name of the species

Site I

Site II

Site III

Site IV

1 May fly nymph + + - +

2 Chloroperia + - + +

3 Rhith3 Rhithrogena - + + +

3.5 Macrophytic vegetation In the experimental river sites (Thirumalairayan River in

Adambar Padugai Village) there were three macrophytic species were recorded (Table 6a) of these three species Aponogeton sp in shallow water edge region and Typha sp were dominating very g g yp p g yshallow region near the edge of the riverbank during the entire period of study.

However in other study site (Pond in Adambar PadugaiHowever in other study site (Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) macrophytic vegetation was dominated by six species.

The deeper zone was dominated by Aponogeton sp and Potamogeton sp, whereas Nymphaea sp and Hydrilla sp were occupied as isolated patches deep as well as moderately deep water level area.

Typha sp dominated during entire period of study at the edge of a pond that is in shallow water region (Table 6b)

Table 6a. Macrophytic plant species identified in the Thirumalairayan River

S. No

Name of the species

Site I

Site II

Site III

Site IV

1 Aponogeton sp. + - + +1 Aponogeton sp.

2 Hydrilla sp + + - -

3 Typha sp. + + + +

Table 6b. Macrophytic plant species diversity of the Pond in Adambar Padugai Villagethe Pond in Adambar Padugai Village

S. Name of the Site Site Site Site No species I II III IV

1 Nymphaea sp + + - +1 Nymphaea sp. + + +

2 Aponogeton sp. - + + +

3 Potamogeton sp. + + - +

4 Hydrilla sp + + +4 Hydrilla sp. - + + +

5 Vallisneria sp + - + +

6 Typha sp. + + + +

4.0 Diversity Indices

Three biological pollution indices were developed to determine the pollution level of the p p

experimental lentic and lotic water bodies utilizing the basic data of plankton. The three diversity indices p y

calculated were Shannon’s Diversity index, Simpson’s diversity index and Hill’s diversity index and the y y

results are presented in Figure 1 to 3.

FIG.1 Shannon’s Diversity index in four study sites among plankton population

P I = Pond site I, P II = Pond site II, R I = River site I, R II = River site II

3

SITY

2

2.5

N'S

DIVE

RSND

EX

1

1.5

S O N D J F M A M J J A

SHAN

NON I

S O N D J F M A M J J A

P I P II R I R II

FIG.2 Simpson’s diversity index in four study sites among plankton population

14

SITY

P I = Pond site I, P II = Pond site II, R I = River site I, R II = River site II

8

10

12

N'S

DIV

ERS

ND

EX

4

6

8

SIM

PSO

N IN

S O N D J F M A M J J A

P I P II R I R II

A perusal of Figure 1 – 3 reveals that theA perusal of Figure 1 – 3 reveals that the various biological indices showed their i i l d i i d i tminimum values during rainy and winter

months (October to January) due to low plankton populations with high nutrient

content. The maximum values were observed during summer months, coinciding with

maximum growth of plankton populationsmaximum growth of plankton populations

Th Sh ’ Di it i d lThe Shannon’s Diversity index valuesranged from 1.125 to 2.654 (Figure 1)g ( g )in both the water bodies clearly i di ti th t b di lindicating the water bodies were less to moderately polluted in natureto moderately polluted in nature

Simpson’s diversity index was calculated and the results are presented in Figure 2. Simpson’s diversity index value also recorded its lower value during rainy to

i t d tt i it i l d iwinter season and attains its maximum value during summer months in both the experimental water bodies.

In Pond ecosystem (Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) its values ranged between 4.325 and 13.125 in both the study sites. However in River ecosystem (Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village) its

l d f 4 585 d 12 658 l l i di t dvalues ranged from 4.585 and 12.658, clearly indicated that moderately polluted nature

Hill’s diversity index indices also showed their maximum values during summer months and their minimum values during rainy months coincide with plankton species density distribution and diversity nature (Figure 3).y ( g )

FIG 3 Hill’s diversity index in four study sites among plankton populationFIG.3 Hill s diversity index in four study sites among plankton populationP I = Pond site I, P II = Pond site II, R I = River site I, R II = River site II

1719

ND

EX

11131517

VER

SITY

IN

579

11

HILL

'S D

IV

S O N D J F M A M J J A

P I P II R I R II