Comparative Study on Enzymatic Digestibility of Upland and Lowland Switchgrass Varieties Processed by Leading Pretreatment Technologies Youngmi Kim, Nathan S. Mosier , Michael R. Ladisch Purdue University V. RameshPallapolu and Y. Y. Lee Auburn University Bonnie Hames Ceres Steven R. Thomas DOE - Golden Field Office Rebecca Garlock, Venkatesh Balan, and Bruce E. Dale Michigan State University Bryon S. Donohoe, Todd B. Vinzant, and Richard T. Elander NREL Matthew Falls, Rocio Sierra, and Mark T. Holtzapple Texas A&M University Jian Shi, Mirvat A. Ebrik, Tim Redmond, Bin Yang, and Charles E. Wyman University of California Riverside Ryan E. Warner Genencor, A Danisco Division 2009 AIChE Annual Meeting, Nashville, Nov 08-13, 2009
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Comparative Study on Enzymatic Digestibility of Upland and Lowland Switchgrass Varieties
Processed by Leading Pretreatment TechnologiesYoungmi Kim, Nathan S. Mosier, Michael R. Ladisch
Purdue UniversityV. Ramesh Pallapolu and Y. Y. Lee
Auburn UniversityBonnie Hames
CeresSteven R. Thomas
DOE - Golden Field OfficeRebecca Garlock, Venkatesh Balan, and Bruce E. Dale
Michigan State UniversityBryon S. Donohoe, Todd B. Vinzant, and Richard T. Elander
NRELMatthew Falls, Rocio Sierra, and Mark T. Holtzapple
Texas A&M UniversityJian Shi, Mirvat A. Ebrik, Tim Redmond, Bin Yang, and Charles E. Wyman
University of California Riverside
Ryan E. WarnerGenencor, A Danisco Division
2009 AIChE Annual Meeting, Nashville, Nov 08-13, 2009
Material in this work supported by US Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program,Contract DE-FG36-04GO14017
For gifts of enzymesGenencor, a Danisco Division
Switchgrass Ceres
CAFI Team Collaborators
LORRE StaffLinda Liu, Rick Hendrickson
Acknowledgments
Switchgrass
Photos courtesy of Department of Agronomy, Purdue University
• Sampling: 1 hr (for initial rate), 24 hr, and at the end of hydrolysis (168 hr)
Glucose Yields after 1 hr Hydrolysis
Yields calculated based on glucan in pretreated/hot washed solids for all pretreatments except for AFEX
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
AFEX DA LHW Lime SAA
% G
luco
se Y
ield
Alamo
Shawnee
Dacotah
Glucose Yields after 24 hr Hydrolysis
Yields calculated based on glucan in pretreated/hot washed solids for all pretreatments except for AFEX
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
AFEX DA LHW Lime SAA
% G
luco
se Y
ield
Alamo
Shawnee
Dacotah
Glucose Yields after 168 hr Hydrolysis
Yields calculated based on glucan in pretreated/hot washed solids for all pretreatments except for AFEX
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
AFEX DA LHW Lime SAA
% G
luco
se Y
ield
Alamo
Shawnee
Dacotah
Xylose Yields after 168 hr Hydrolysis
Yields calculated based on glucan in pretreated/hot washed solids for all pretreatments except for AFEX
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
AFEX DA LHW Lime SAA
% X
ylos
e Yi
eld
Alamo
Shawnee
Dacotah
Effect of Supplementary Xylanase(Multifect Pectinase) on Sugar Yields
LHW pretreated Dacotah, No hot-water washing after pretreatment15 FPU Spezyme CP+ 200 OSX M. Pectinase/g glucan= 27 mg protein/g glucan
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
% G
luco
se Y
ield
Hydrolysis Time (hr)
No Pectinase
With Pectinase
Yields calculated based on glucan and xylan in untreated biomass
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 30 60 90 120 150 180%
Xyl
ose
Yiel
d
Hydrolysis Time (hr)
Summary
• Harvest season and possibly age of stand are more important factors than ecotype of switchgrass in terms of affecting switchgrass saccharifaction.
• Spring harvest contains more lignocellulose and less ash, protein and water extractable free-sugars than fall/late fall harvest.
• After pretreatment, compositional variability between switchgrass batches becomes less related to ecotype and/or harvest season.
• Enzymatic digestibility of Dacotah switchgrass, which is upland variety and was harvested in spring, was the lowest among the switchgrass samples, regardless of the pretreatment methods applied.
• The recalcitrant nature of upland cultivar and spring harvest of switchgrass may require more severe pretreatment conditions.