Comparative Study of Differente Eor Methd.

8/9/2019 Comparative Study of Differente Eor Methd.

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,

& , ,

Comparative Study of Different EOR Methods

. (). (). ()


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W P. T A J (NTNU), M. N C (S),

M. L H (S) ,

. W S

H .


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Table of contents I .........................................................................................................................................................7

1. R S ..........................................................................................................................................7

1.1 P R ..............................................................................................................................9

1.2 S R ..........................................................................................................................9

2.2.1 W I ...........................................................................................................................10

2.2.2 G I................................................................................................................................11

2.2.3 L P S R P....................12 2.3 T E O R M (EOR)......................................................................13

2.3.1 C ....................................................................................................................14

2.3.2 M ................................................................................................31

2.3.3 T P ......................................................................................................................34

2. T P.................................................................................................................................................36

2.1 B ......................................................................................................................................36

2.2 A E. .............................................................................................................39

2.3 C ..........................................................................................................................46

2.3.1 S EOR ......................................................................................................47

2.4 R..............................................................................................................................................48

3. C................................................................................................................................................51

4. R .................................................................................................................................................52

List of Tables

T 1: W . ................................................................................................................17

T 2: M EOR27

T 3: N R C 6..................................................................................................39

T 4: S EOR 4........................................................................................46

T 5: O EOR . E

ECLIPSE . ...................................................................................................................49


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T 6: N P V EOR

. .............................................................................................................................................49

T 7: P EOR ...........................50

List of Figures

F 1: R ..............................................................7

F 2: S 3...........................................................................................................9

F 3: 2. ........................................................11

F 4: D 2........................................11

F 5: C EOR 2. .................................................................................14

F 6: 7............................................................................................15

F 7: S/P 10

............................................................................................15

F 8: C D ....................................................................16

F 9: W . A , C

. A , C E ..........................................16

F 10: S IFT . F / (0.001 /) 5..............19

F 11: S 6............................................................................20

F 12: T . T

6. .......................................................................................................20

F 13: E IFT 6. ............................................................................20

F 14: D

(IFV) 7........................................................21

F 15: S 7. .....................21

F 16: S 7.22

F 17: S 7................22

F 18: T

7. ....................................................................................................................................23


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F 19: IFT NC

7........................................................................................................................................................................24

F 20: T IFT 7. .....24

F 21: E 6, 12...........................................................................27

F 22: H P MEOR 17.................................................................................................................28

F 23: S

. T

16. .......................................................................................................................................28

F 24: S ,

. T 16. ..............................................29

F 25: M 16......................................................................................................29

F 26: C .................................................................32

F 27: U 3...................................................................................................34

F 28: S 3................................................................................................35

F 29: I C........................................................................................................36

F 30: P , NGL NCS 20072010 A..37

F 31: F N C S 4 ............................37

F 32: S

, . B .....................................................38

F 33: GO E..........................................................................................40

F 34: F G P R E. ..............................................................................40

F 35: F O P R E. ................................................................................41

F 36: F O P T E. ...............................................................................41

F 37: F G P T ..............................................................................................................42

F 38: O F3H...............................................................43

F 39: O F1H...............................................................43

F 40: O .................................................................................44


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F 41: O .................................................................44

F 42: G P T F1H F3H.................................................45

F 43: G P T . ...................................................45

F 44: O EOR M 11 .........................47

F 45: C EOR E. ...................................................................47

F 46: O EOR

..............................................................................................................................................................49


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Abstract

T N C S (NCS)

. T

. T N

.

A

(53%), (EOR)

. S

,

.

D EOR ET N

V. C , EOR (MEOR) CO2 N

R , , .

T

.

A CO 2

. A 67.2%

. H, MEOR S .

T CO2 N R CO2

. C

.


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Introduction

T

. T

1, 1 :

1:

: T ,

.

: N .T , , . T

50%.

: T

. U ,

, /

. T 12%

RF .

1. Recovery Stages

A ,

. T

:

1. V : I

(M). T

. M (λ = / )

.

1 Reservoir recovery techniques. Kleppe, Jon. Kompendium, NTNU, autumn 2009. Trondheim, Norway


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W:

= (D)

= (D)

μ & μ = (P)

A . W

, , . I

,

2.

: I . W

, :

F, .

I ,

. V S E, E

E , ( ) (

).

2 Donaldson, E.C., Chilingarian, V.G., Yen, T.F., & Sharma, M.K.; Developments in Petroleum Sciences: EnhancedOil Recovery; Volume 17B: Processes and Operations; Elsevier B.V.; Amsterdam; 1989; pp (1-9)

agentdisplacingbycontactedoilof Amount

displacedoilof Amount=

D E

placeinoilof amountTotal

fluiddisplacingbycontactedoilof Volume=

V E

I AV E E E •=

area Total

fluiddisplacingbycontactedArea=

A E

areasectional-cross Total

fluiddisplacingbycontactedareasectional-Cross=

I E

o

ro

w

rw

k

k

M

µ

µ =


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9

2: 3

T

.

I

. T

. T

:

E

G

B

A

A ,

. T ,

.

T ,

. T

. A, ,

. I ,

. T

. C

. P

2.

W

,


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10

. C

2.

W ,

. T :

T

,

. T , 2.

2.2.1 Water Injection

I ,

. T

. I ,

. U

. T

. T

.

W :

1) F ( ).

2) T ,

.

T

() ().

T , , :

• R .

• C .

A . W

W . T

. F


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11

3 4 ,

.

3: 2.

4: D 2.

2.2.2 Gas Injection

I . T

1864 D .


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12

T

. R

, ,

.

I , ( )

. G . G

. T

.

T

. I

. I ,

. A ,

; ,

.

I

. T

. T

.

2.2.2.1 Identifying a gas injection candidate

O

. F

. I

,

.

I ,

. R

, .

I

, .

2.2.3 Limitations and disadvantages of Primary and Secondary

Recovery Processes

• R

(5 10 % ).

• S ( / ) :


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13

R

U

W

L 3

?

A EOR

:

A

F

M

C

C

C

3.

T

. B EOR

. I

( ), ( ). E

CO2 . I , EOR

4.

T 20 50 %

. T

. T .

T EOR

,

. T EOR :

C

T

M 2

3 Prof. Ole Torsæter, Kompendiu, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.

4 Technology Strategy for Enhanced Recovery; OG21


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14

T EOR , 5 EOR

.

2.3.1 Chemical processes

T

. T EOR . C

:

• S

• P

• C

I , ASP (ASP) . T

. . T

5. C

. T

. T

.

5: C 2.

5 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Chemicals and Formulations; Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry; 2006; pp (1-6).


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T EOR .

6: 7.

I N C S

(WAG) , EOR

.

7: / 10

T

EOR. R , ,

. A


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16

,

. D ,

( ) ( )

6. T

( ), ( )

C N.

σ

κ

L

P N

C

∆=

*

W ΔP/L σ 5.

I

, . I

. D ()

5.

. T ()

. C

. T (θ)

. T

. T ,

. T,

8.A ,

. T

7.

8: C D

9: . A , C

. A , C

6 Donaldson, E.C., Chilingarian, V.G. & Yen, T.F.; Developments in Petroleum Sciences: Enhanced Oil Recovery;

Volume 17A: Fundamentals and Analyses; Elsevier B.V.; Amsterdam; 1989; pp (54-59)7 http://www.statoil.com/en/OurOperations/TradingProducts/CrudeOil/Crudeoilassays/Pages/Norne.aspx


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Strength of:

Contactangle Degree ofwetting Solid/Liquidinteractions

Liquid/Liquidinteractions

θ = 0 Perfect wetting strong weak

strong strong0 < θ <90°

high wet-abilityweak weak

90° ≤ θ < 180°

low wet-ability weak strong

θ = 180°perfectly non-

wettingweak strong

1: 8

S .

2.3.1.1 Surfactant Flooding

T

. B ,

.

S (90 400 ) , 25

30% 9 27 S3

8. I

, . F N S

. B

, ,

.

A ,

. T

. B ,

. T

.

N R . O

. I

,

. T

8 “Recent Advances in Improved Oil Recovey Methods for North Sea Sandstone Reserviors”. Kleppe, Jon,

Skjæveland, Svein. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Stavanger, 1992.


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, ,

5.

B

103

/, 1020 % ,

,

EOR 5.

A :

. D ,

:

1. T

; IFT, , .

2. : T

.

3. T

4. T .

5. /

6.

7. /

W , . D ,

()

. T

IFT . F EOR

IFT

6.

. O

. I

,

. T

, ,

5.

T 2030 /

104

/,

1020 % , ,

EOR 5.


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10: .

/ (0.001 /) 5.

T EOR :

F C

A

E

O

A .

T, , ,

5.

2.3.1.1.1 Working mechanism of surfactant molecule to reduce IFT

W ,

. D ,

()

. T

IFT . F EOR

IFT

6.


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20

11: 6.

12: .

6.

13: 6.


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21

T

. T

7.

14: D

() 7.

15: 7.


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22

16: 7.

P ( )

. T

,

. T

()

. A (, )

EOR. S (NOH)

14.

17: 7.


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23

IFT

IFT . B

, IFT .

18: 7.

A

IFT. A ,

IFT. T

. S

IFT.

T 7.


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24

19: C 7.

20: 7.


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25

F ,

. L

, ,

. M

. M

7.

2.3.1.2 Polymer FloodingP . I

, N S . T

. T

. T . T ,

, , ,

τ, ,

−=

τ µ

t P

exp*

I . A , ,

, .

G :

I R

A , M

. I ,

6.

P ,

, . P

:

T ,

T

T

6.

P

A

M


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P, .. 6

N S :

H

H

L (

)

T 6.

2.3.1.2.1 Miceller-polymer flooding technology

I /

/

:1) P IFT.

2) S .

3) P

4) T: I

.

5) C

6.

2.3.1.3 Microbial EOR Methods (MEOR)

T MEOR

( ) . MEOR

(, .). C

. O 122.

T :

1) CO2 E

2) S /

3) A

4) C 6

P :

R IFT (, , )

S

R 6


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27

N

S

P

21: 6, 12.

A , ,

.

T :

1) M

;

2) D

.

2: 16.


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MEOR 16.

W, :

1)

H

2) M

I ,

. D , . T

, , CO2. T 16.

22: 17.

23:

.

16.


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24: ,

. 16.

M 25:

25: 16.


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2.3.1.3.1 Limitations of MEOR

W :

1) I .2) P, , , H .

3) S , ,

.

4) M P H2S SO2 ,

.

B

EOR 17.

2.3.1.3.2

Economics of MEOR

M .

C .

I .

E .

T MEOR 2 3 $/bbl [17].

2.3.1.4 Issues related with chemical processes

.

&

4.

4.

4, 6

.

. . ,

,

5. .

, ,

6.

6.


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31

2.3.2 Miscible displacement methods

T

. D, , CO2, , , . M

, .

I , ,

, ED, . P

, , ,

. W ,

. T

/

. I (IFT) . I

, .

I , ,

. F

, ()

, .

V FCM

MCM . T , ,

CO2, , . T , , .

2.3.2.1 CO2 Flooding

T CO2 1985 . I

.

W , C

D . I

2,000 ., CO2 , API 2225 20%. I

C

. C

CO2 ,

.


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26: C .

I CO2 ,

. T

( )

CO2 . O ,

CO2 . T CO2

. T

. N CO2

. T W C

.

CO2

. I , CO2

.

F CO2, . T :

• I • I

• C CO2.

• I

• W

•

I , CO2 . D

. I :

1) C


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2) I CO23) E .

T , , / :

( )

c

c

o

o

co

c

k k

u µ µ

α ρ ρ

−

−=

sin0439.0

W /3, P, ,

, .

P

. A CO2 .

P CO2.

CO2 . T CO2

. E

. I ,

8% CO2 . T CO2

, CO2, ,

.

2.3.2.2 Inert Gas Flooding

T

. P :

• P ()

• I .

•

T

:

1) P

2) I

3) M (

). N ( ) .

T . O :,

P .

H

R .

R .


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2.3.3 Thermal Processes

W ( 20 API),

, . F , . T

. D

, :

• I

• S

2.3.3.1 Steam Injection

S . C ,

. S

. F , 2550%

. T

10 11.

27: 3.


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28: 3

2.3.3.2 In Situ Combustion

F I :

W

D O

D C: T ,

. A ,

.

P

, ,

.

W C: I ,

. T

. I , . S . T

,

10.


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29: C.

2. The Project

T

,

. D , ,

, , 4.

T N C S (NCS)

. T

, NPD, 800 S3

(

) 2015. E O R (EOR)

4.


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30: , C 20072010 A

T NCS 46%

. T

, 15.

T ,

, WAG ,

. H, ,

,

4.

NPD’s prognosis for oil production fromexisting fields, discoveries and prospects

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

m i l l S m 3 o i l / y e a r

Oil Reserves

Inproved

RecoveryDiscoveries

NPD's goal:

800 mill Sm³ (5 bill bbl)

of increased oil reserves

by 2015

Undiscovered oil

31: C 4


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32:

, . B

T :

• U (

).

• O (

).

T ,

. A , ,

70% .

A , , ,

. I

,

2.


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A , 2,

EOR .

C

A 32.7

0.8619 2530%

0.21

%

503000

D

9 C 273

14.06 S 98 C

111

S3/S

3

3: C 6

L, E N E

. D

.

• O .

• C

•

C F1H.• C F3H.

T , .

M , .


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40

33: .

34: .


42/53

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41

35: .

36: .


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42

37:

I

. T :

• T O ( 2010)

. T

EOR

. T

,

EOR . A T

.

• T

, 38, 41 42.• T, GO 20% .

• A 37, 38 39, I F3H

10% F1H.


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38: 3.

39: 1.


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44

40: .

41: .


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45

42: 1 3.

43: .


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46

A ECLIPSE ,

EOR .

S 3.

4: 10

A :

• CO2

/ .

• T CO2 .

• S

.

• S/

/ . 10


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2.3.1 Selection of an EOR method

T EOR

, , , ( & ) . 2

N 45 46

EOR

, .

44: 11

45: C .


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T, EOR

. T :

1)

CO2

2) S

F ET 9

. T

.

A ,

( ). B

2019 CO2 .

T 3 46

ECLIPSE

.

W

(S3/)

S

(S3/)

CO2

F

(S3

/)

2010 19000 22420 20900

2011 18250 21535 20075

2012 16800 19824 18480

2013 16500 19470 18150

2014 15000 17700 16500

2015 15100 17818 16610

2016 14300 16874 15730

2017 13900 16402 15290

2018 13500 15930 14850

9 Norne excel spreadsheet for economical evaluation.


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2019 12100 14278 13310

5: .

C .

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

year

s m 3 / d a y WI

WI w/surf

WI w/ CO2

46: .

F ,

12. A

( ), :

NPV MMNOK

M

B T A T

W 98 685 25 658

S 115 277 29 958

CO2 107 570 27 957

6: .

T , ET

10

. F 6. B

95 000 000 311

10 Gullfaks Village 2010. Gullfaks Sør Omega Project, some cost data and economic assumptions.

11 Statoil field development report Norne 2004


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M T C

(3/)

%

W 2010 50 350 000 53%W 2019 61 610 000 64.8%

W

/2019 63 073 800 66.3%

CO2 2019 63 862 000 67.2% 7: .

T , CO 2

.


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3. Conclusions

A :

S N

N , .

C . H,

90%

. T,

. I

. H

.

M EOR .

CO2

.

M EOR . S

( , ) ;

510 . T

EOR

. O

.

H . A

.

D

ECLIPE . T

.

T EOR

. I

.


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4. References[1] Reservoir Recovery Techniques. Kleppe, Jon. Kompendium. NTNU, autumn 2009.

Trondheim, Norway.[2]Donaldson, E.C., Chilingarian, V.G., Yen, T.F., & Sharma, M.K.; Developments in Petroleum

Sciences: Enhanced Oil Recovery; Volume 17B: Processes and Operations; Elsevier B.V.;

Amsterdam; 1989; pp (1-9)

[3] Prof. Ole Torestor Lecture slides of Petroleum Engineering Basic Course

[4] Technology Strategy for Enhanced Recovery; OG21

[5] Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Chemicals and Formulations; Akzo Nobel Surface

Chemistry; 2006; pp (1-6).

[6] Zolotukhin, A.B. & Ursin, J.R.; Introduction to Petroleum Reservoir Engineering; 1st edition;

Hoyskole Forlaget AS Norwegian Academic Press; Kristiansand, Norway; 2000; pp (315-355)

[7] Donaldson, E.C., Chilingarian, V.G. & Yen, T.F.; Developments in Petroleum Sciences:

Enhanced Oil Recovery; Volume 17A: Fundamentals and Analyses; Elsevier B.V.; Amsterdam;

1989; pp (54-59)

[8] Butt, H.J., Graf, K. & Kappl, M.; Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces; Wiley-VCH;

Weinheim, Germany; 2003

[9]http://www.statoil.com/en/OurOperations/TradingProducts/CrudeOil/Crudeoilassays/Pages/N

orne.aspx

[10] Green, D.W & Willhite, G.P.; Enhanced Oil Recovery; Society of Petroleum Engineers;

Texas; 1998; pp (1-2)

[11] J:J: Taber, F.D.Martin, R.S.Seight: "EOR screening criterioa revisited-Part1", SPEReservoir Engineering, August 1997.

[12] Donaldson, E.C., Chilingarian, V.G. & Yen, T.F.; Developments in Petroleum Sciences:

Enhanced Oil Recovery; Volume 22: Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery; Elsevier B.V.;

Amsterdam; 1989

[13] http://www.npd.no/en/news/Production-figures/2010/January-2010/

[14] http://www.npd.no/en/topics/improved-recovery/temaartikler/why-do-we-not-recover-100-

per-cent-of-the-oil/

[15] http://www.heavyoilinfo.com/feature_items/thai/expert-viewpoint-2013-thai-in-situ-

combustion.

[16] M. M. Schumcher; Enhanced Recovery of Residual and Heavy Oil; 2nd

edition; Noyes Data

Corporation; Park Ridge, New Jersey, USA;1980; pp.32-64

[18] Presentation on ‘Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery’ at University of Cairo

Comparative Study of Differente Eor Methd.

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