Comparative Number of Germs Based on the Length

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Comparative Number of Germs Based

on The Length of Time Washing Hands

on Medical Personnel

Presented by

Belladona Ayudityawati

20080310039

Medical Faculty and Health Science

Muhamadiyah University of Yogyakarta

2011


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CHAPTER I


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BACKGROUND

The sources of microorganisms that can causeinfections fall into two categories : the sources ofendogenous and exogenous sources (Hudak et al,1996)

Nosocomial infections are infections acquired by

patients being treated for or had been hospitalized(Roeshadi, 1993)

The core of the prevention and control of nosocomialinfections is to control the proliferation and spread

of microbial pathogens (Darmadi, 2008)


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BACKGROUND

Prevention of microbial pathogens can bedone by good hand washing with soapcontaining antiseptic

0.00%

0.10%

0.20%

0.30%

0.40%

0.50%

0.60%

0.70%

Tahun 2007 Tahun 2008 Tahun 2009

Nosocomial Infections in RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten

Nosocomial Infections in RSUP dr. Soeradji

Tirtonegoro


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FORMULATING THE PROBLEM

1. What is the total number of germs on hands ofmedical personnel before and after washing handswith soap that contains Chlorhexidine2% for 30seconds, 45 seconds and 60 seconds ?

2. Does washing hands with soap that containsChlorhexidine2% for 45 seconds is more effectivethan washing hands for 30 seconds, 60 seconds ?


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RESEARCH PURPOSE

1. Knowing the number of germs found onhands of medical personnel after taking

medical action against the patient's

2. Knowing the effectiveness of hand washingusing soap containing 2% Chlorhexidine.


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BENEFIT OF RESEARCH

1. Hospitals Institutions

2. Educational Institutions3. For Researchers

4. For Medical Personnel


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RESEARCH ORIGINALITY

1. Selvi Puspitasari (2009), about Comparative Numberof Germs Before and After Rubbing Hands WithAlcohol 70% On Drying 15 Seconds, 30 Seconds and60 Seconds

2. Endang Sri Lestari dan Helmia Farida (2004), about"Comparative Effects disinfectants Chlorhexidinegluconate 1.5% + Setrimid 15% in the basin andAlcohol Hand as Health Officer for Hand Washing

Facilities


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CHAPTER II


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LITERATUR REVIEW

Microorganisms are divided into two groups :

Resident Flora

Transient Flora

Wash Hands : WHO standard (how to wash hands,

hand washing materials, and the duration of handwashing)

Disinfectant and Antiseptic : Soap ContainingChlorhexidine2%


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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK


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HYPOTHESIS

Number of germs after washing hands withsoap that contains Chlorhexidine2% with atime of washing hands for 45 seconds lower

than the 30 seconds and 60 seconds


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CHAPTER III


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RESEARCH METHODS

Research Design Quasi experiment in one group (one group pre test- post test design)

Research Subject

Population : 389 medical personnel

Sampling was done by purposive sampling, with atotal sample : 39 medical personnel


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INCLUTION AND EXCLUTION CRITERIA

Inclution :

1. medical personnel who activity and wash their handsafter performing medical acts by using soapcontaining Chlorhexidine2%

2. Medical personnel who are willing to participate inresearch

Exclution :

1. medical personnel who refuse willing toparticipate in research

2. Medical personnel who did not wash handsin accordance with WHO standards


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RESEARCH VARIABLE

Independent variables :

Long time hand washing

Dependent variable :

Total number of germs on hands


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Number Variable Operational Definition1 Long time hand

washing- Calculated at the time began to wetting hands

with soap containing Chlorhexidine 2% and

water, smooth and rubbed his hands, until dry

hands with a disposable towel and use towel to

turn off the faucet

- Hand washing time is 30 seconds, 45 secondsand 60 seconds

2 Total number of germson hands

- The number of germs that are calculated on a

particular area (cm2), with unit Colony Forming

Units (CFU) / cm2

- The number of germ, calculated by culturing thegerm in the blood jelly dish as a general culture

medium for growing gram positive germ and

gram-negative germ

- One colony considered one bacterium

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION


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RESEARCH PROSEDURE


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DATA ANALYZING

1. Data analyzed with One Way Anova bysoftware SPSS 16

2. Statistical test using paired ttest


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CHAPTER IV


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RESULTS

Paired t-testGroup Mean of Germs Number P value

Pre test Post test

30 Sec68.46 52.440 8.15 9.797 0,001

45 sec

111.62 56.929 3.08 8.902 0,000

60 sec35.00 35.637 0.62 0.768 0,005


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RESULT

ONE WAY ANNOVA


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RESULT

MEANS PLOT


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DISCUSSION

Factors that influence the effectiveness of antiseptics

(Darmadi, 2008) :

a. Antiseptic factor consisting of concentration, pHand solvent

b. Microbial factors consisting of the number ofmicrobes and form endospores

c. Environmental factors are from an organic materialsuch as blood, pus, saliva, or feces

d. Exposure time factor


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DISCUSSION

Mechanism of Chlorhexidineto kill germs ( Sebayang,

2010) :

Chlorhexidinebinded with the bacterial cell-wall permeability cell-wall penetration into cytoplasm

microorganism death

Thats why Chlorhexidine is more effectively atkilling germs than soap and alcohol


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CHAPTER V


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CONCLUSSION

The conclusion from this research is washing handusing soap contain Chlorhexidine2% for 45 second is

the more effectively than washing hand for 30

second and 60 second


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RECOMENDATION

Need further research by considering more carefully

about the possibility of contamination whileincubating, and the skin of the hands of respondentcharacteristics

Need to do research with antiseptic ingredientsother than those already mentioned in this study

Need to correct information, both to the medical

officer as well as related community good handwashing, duration of hand washing and antiseptic soap

containing a good according to WHOstandards


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REFERENCE

Roeshadi, D., Winarti, A., 1993, Pengendalian Infeksi

Nosokomial di RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya, MajalahCermin Dunia Kedokteran, Jakarta

Darmadi, 2008, Infeksi Nosokomial Problematika danPengendaliannya, Penerbit Salemba Medika, Jakarta

Sebayang, Kurniady, 2010, Perbedaan Efektivitas OralHygiene antara Povidone Iodine terhadap clinicalpulmonary infection score pada penderita denganventilator mekanik, Magister Ilmu Biomedik dan

Program pendidikan Dokter Spesialis AnestesiologiUniversitas Diponegoro, Semarang


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THANK YOU.

WASSALAMUALAIKUM.

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Comparative Number of Germs Based on the Length

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