PLEA2012 - 28th Conference, Opportunities, Limits & Needs Towards an environmentally responsible architecture Lima, Perú 7-9 November 2012 Comparative Analysis of Appropriated Architecture and Vernacular Buildings: A Case Located in Arid-Seismic Habitat of Argentina IRENE BLASCO LUCAS 1 1 Regional Institute of Planning and Habitat, Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Design, National University of San Juan, San Juan - Argentina ABSTRACT: In order to provide constructive design alternatives to improve the habitat of people in arid and seismic rural zones, a small Community Hall (CH) is materialized with the support of the Government of San Juan, Argentina, intended to hosting the Neighbourhood’s Union of “Balde de Leyes”, basic organization of an isolated village located in the southeast of the province inhabited by 10 poor families, who survive through livestock activities. CH is an experimental prototype planned in a participatory way with villagers. Based on previous studies of life-and construction styles of a large sample on the region, appropriate technologies were developed for walls, roofs and openings, solving in a simply manner problems identified in those components. They consist of earth-cement masonry, concrete slabs and concrete frames for windows and doors. To analyze its hydrothermal response and natural lighting, measurements of temperature, relative humidity and luminance were carried out simultaneously in the CH and in the vernacular architecture of three local houses during one month in winter and summer. Also, following IRAM procedures the respective coefficients were calculated and contrasted. Results obtained were very satisfactory, since it was verified a good performance of the proposed systems, and the feasibility of applied methods. Keywords: comparative analysis, appropriated architecture, vernacular buildings, arid-seismic, habitat INTRODUCTION The spontaneous construction of precarious dwellings on suburban and rural areas is a constant truth for vast regions of Latin American countries, where poverty does not allow its people to achieve better life possibilities, being Argentina no exception. This reality is exacerbated in those areas which predominant environmental qualities are the extreme aridity and high seismicity, due to the limited resources and rising caused by providing the necessary structural strength to the houses. Its highest expression is achieved in the rural habitat thereof, has virtually no basic services infrastructure (grid of roads, electricity, water, gas, telecommunications, health, education, etc.), leading to very particular social conditions. Find solutions to partial aspects of this complex problematic has been object of several research works related to earth construction [1, 2, 3, 4], the use of renewable energy in its different forms [5, 6, 7], and participatory approaches to facilitate the appropriation of new technologies [8, 9, 10]. In these lines of inquiries stands the present work, through which was built with assistance from the Government of the San Juan Province, Argentina, an experimental prototype for a small community hall (CH) corresponding to the second stage of four planned for the Centre Community (CC) of Balde de Leyes [11, 12], isolated village located in the southeast of the Province of San Juan, today inhabited by 10 families who subsist by extensive livestock labors. This was taking the multiplier effect, typical of community activities, in order to demonstrate the possibilities offered by the proposed technological systems and modalities, both local people and government agencies responsible for implementing promotional programs for this sector of depressed population, to be then transferred to the housing. The different instances of the investigation, which are part of the PhD in Architecture from the author at the University of Mendoza, were developed in the period 2005-2011, subsidized by the National University of San Juan, the National Agency for Promotion of Science and Technology and the National Secretariat of University Policies. DIAGNOSIS The developing of improvements proposals was based on the diagnosis obtained on the analysis of polls and surveys carried out in a representative sample composed of 71 families (400 inhabitants), spread over three departments of Southeast San Juan Province located in the desert area called "Mount Ecoregion".
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PLEA2012 - 28th Conference, Opportunities, Limits & Needs Towards an environmentally responsible architecture Lima, Perú 7-9 November 2012
Comparative Analysis of Appropriated
Architecture and Vernacular Buildings: A Case Located in Arid-Seismic Habitat of Argentina
IRENE BLASCO LUCAS1
1Regional Institute of Planning and Habitat, Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Design,
National University of San Juan, San Juan - Argentina
ABSTRACT: In order to provide constructive design alternatives to improve the habitat of people in arid and seismic
rural zones, a small Community Hall (CH) is materialized with the support of the Government of San Juan, Argentina,
intended to hosting the Neighbourhood’s Union of “Balde de Leyes”, basic organization of an isolated village located
in the southeast of the province inhabited by 10 poor families, who survive through livestock activities. CH is an
experimental prototype planned in a participatory way with villagers. Based on previous studies of life-and
construction styles of a large sample on the region, appropriate technologies were developed for walls, roofs and
openings, solving in a simply manner problems identified in those components. They consist of earth-cement masonry,
concrete slabs and concrete frames for windows and doors. To analyze its hydrothermal response and natural
lighting, measurements of temperature, relative humidity and luminance were carried out simultaneously in the CH
and in the vernacular architecture of three local houses during one month in winter and summer. Also, following
IRAM procedures the respective coefficients were calculated and contrasted. Results obtained were very satisfactory,
since it was verified a good performance of the proposed systems, and the feasibility of applied methods.