INTRODUCTION TO HMA TOOLS password for protection is a single space Version 6.0 November 2009 Don Christensen Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC [email protected]814-278-1991 This spreadsheet has been developed as an aid in performing HMA mix design following procedures developed as part of NCHRP Project 9-33: A Mix Design for Hot-Mix Asphalt. HMA Tools is designed to be a comprehensive and flex in performing mix designs, and as a result may contain features that are n needed by many engineers and technicians responsible for developing HMA mi designs. HMA Tools has been designed to be used in conjunction with the HM Design Manual developed as part of NCHRP Project 9-33. Users may find revi pertinent parts of the manual useful in learning hot to use this spreadshe Engineers and technicians already using a spreadsheet (or similar tool) as in developing HMA mix designs need not use HMA Tools. This version--6.1--has been revised significantly earlier versions, throug by many engineers and technicians not directly involved in NCHRP Project 9 Investigators and Project Panel for the project gratefully acknowledge the assistance in developing HMA Tools. Version 6.1 differs from 5.2 in a numb ways. Worksheets "T_283" and "Performance" can now be used to record data of up to seven trial batches. There are also now two reports--"Short_Repor a one page report on any selected trial batch, and "Complete_Report," whic provides a longer report on multiple trial batchers. The aggregate gradati in worksheet "Trial_Blends" now uses a 0.45 power scale so that the maximu density gradation plots as a straight line. Several other smaller changes corrections have been made. Color Coding All worksheets have been color coded to help the user recognize key sectio main area of each worksheet is white. Gray areas contain no data or formul areas contain calculations that need not be viewed by the user. Yellow are general contain optional information that the user might find useful, but cases in non-essential to the mix design process. Green cells indicate areas where data can be entered by the user. Other ce protected, to prevent accidental changes by the user. If you wish to modif
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INTRODUCTION TO HMA TOOLSpassword for protection is a single space
Version 6.0November 2009Don ChristensenAdvanced Asphalt Technologies, [email protected]
This spreadsheet has been developed as an aid in performing HMA mix designs, following procedures developed as part of NCHRP Project 9-33: A Mix Design Manual for Hot-Mix Asphalt. HMA Tools is designed to be a comprehensive and flexible aid in performing mix designs, and as a result may contain features that are not needed by many engineers and technicians responsible for developing HMA mix designs. HMA Tools has been designed to be used in conjunction with the HMA Mix Design Manual developed as part of NCHRP Project 9-33. Users may find reviewing pertinent parts of the manual useful in learning hot to use this spreadsheet. Engineers and technicians already using a spreadsheet (or similar tool) as an aid in developing HMA mix designs need not use HMA Tools.
This version--6.1--has been revised significantly earlier versions, through review by many engineers and technicians not directly involved in NCHRP Project 9-33. The Investigators and Project Panel for the project gratefully acknowledge their assistance in developing HMA Tools. Version 6.1 differs from 5.2 in a number of ways. Worksheets "T_283" and "Performance" can now be used to record data for any of up to seven trial batches. There are also now two reports--"Short_Report" gives a one page report on any selected trial batch, and "Complete_Report," which provides a longer report on multiple trial batchers. The aggregate gradation plot in worksheet "Trial_Blends" now uses a 0.45 power scale so that the maximum density gradation plots as a straight line. Several other smaller changes and corrections have been made.
Color Coding
All worksheets have been color coded to help the user recognize key sections. The main area of each worksheet is white. Gray areas contain no data or formulas. Pink areas contain calculations that need not be viewed by the user. Yellow areas in general contain optional information that the user might find useful, but in many cases in non-essential to the mix design process.
Green cells indicate areas where data can be entered by the user. Other cells are protected, to prevent accidental changes by the user. If you wish to modify a worksheet (or correct an error), the password for protection is a single space.
INTRODUCTION TO HMA TOOLSpassword for protection is a single space
Version 6.0November 2009Don ChristensenAdvanced Asphalt Technologies, [email protected]
This spreadsheet has been developed as an aid in performing HMA mix designs, following procedures developed as part of NCHRP Project 9-33: A Mix Design Manual for Hot-Mix Asphalt. HMA Tools is designed to be a comprehensive and flexible aid in performing mix designs, and as a result may contain features that are not needed by many engineers and technicians responsible for developing HMA mix designs. HMA Tools has been designed to be used in conjunction with the HMA Mix Design Manual developed as part of NCHRP Project 9-33. Users may find reviewing pertinent parts of the manual useful in learning hot to use this spreadsheet. Engineers and technicians already using a spreadsheet (or similar tool) as an aid in developing HMA mix designs need not use HMA Tools.
This version--6.1--has been revised significantly earlier versions, through review by many engineers and technicians not directly involved in NCHRP Project 9-33. The Investigators and Project Panel for the project gratefully acknowledge their assistance in developing HMA Tools. Version 6.1 differs from 5.2 in a number of ways. Worksheets "T_283" and "Performance" can now be used to record data for any of up to seven trial batches. There are also now two reports--"Short_Report" gives a one page report on any selected trial batch, and "Complete_Report," which provides a longer report on multiple trial batchers. The aggregate gradation plot in worksheet "Trial_Blends" now uses a 0.45 power scale so that the maximum density gradation plots as a straight line. Several other smaller changes and corrections have been made.
Color Coding
All worksheets have been color coded to help the user recognize key sections. The main area of each worksheet is white. Gray areas contain no data or formulas. Pink areas contain calculations that need not be viewed by the user. Yellow areas in general contain optional information that the user might find useful, but in many cases in non-essential to the mix design process.
Green cells indicate areas where data can be entered by the user. Other cells are protected, to prevent accidental changes by the user. If you wish to modify a worksheet (or correct an error), the password for protection is a single space.
page 2/3
Worksheets
HMA Tools is designed to be a comprehensive tool for assisting engineers and technicians in developing HMA mix designs, and for this reason, it contains a large number of seperate worksheets corresponding to the many steps in the mix design process. Within the spreadsheet, the worksheets appear from right to left in the order in which they would normally be used in developing a mix design. Each of these worksheets is breifly described below.
Abbreviations--this worksheet lists abbreviations used in HMA Tools along with their meaning.
Specifications--contains specification information for developing mix designs. Specifications are in general very similar to those used in the Superpave system of mix design and analysis, as summarized in AASHTO M 323. One important difference is that the required coarse aggregate fractured faces value for the highest design traffic level has been reduced from 100 % to 98 %.
General--the user enters general information concerning the mix design.
Aggregates--data on aggregate stockpiles are entered in this worksheeet.
RAP_Aggregates--data on RAP Stockpiles are entered here.
Binders--the user enters grading data on up to four binders. Entering data in this worksheet is needed in two situations: (1) the mix design will contain more than 15 % RAP, which means that the binder grade must be adjusted to account for the binder in the RAP; and (2) modulus estimates are desired.
RAP_Binders--grading data on binder recovered from up to four RAP stockpiles is entered. This is not necessary if the RAP content of the mix design will be 15 % or less, since the binder grade is then based only on the virgin binder, unless modulus estimates for the mixture are needed.
Blended_Binders--this worksheet is a stand-alone calculation tool for analyzing binder grades for HMA mixtures containing RAP. It is not necessary to use this worksheet during a mixture design; it is included for the convenience of engineers and technicians who might wish to perform "what if?" analyses for a mixture before starting in on trial mixtures. It can be used, for example, to estimate the proper amount of RAP to include in a mixture given the grade of the new binder added to the mix, and the required final blended binder grade.
RAP_Varaibility--data for calculating standard deviation for RAP gradations and RAP binder content are entered in this worksheet. This data is then used to estimate the maximum RAP content that can be used without exceeding given limits on mixture variability. Use of this worksheet is not required for mix designs, since many agencies have their own policies concerning maximum allowable RAP contents in HMA mix designs.
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Worksheets
Trial_Blends--this is the main worksheet used in proportioning trial mixtures. the user enters aggregate blend information here for up to seven different trial mixtures. Proportions for the resulting trial batches can be printed out using the worksheet Batch. After mixing and compacting, specific gravity measurements are made and entered in Specific_Gravity. Volumetric proportions are then calculated and displayed in worksheet Trial_Blends. In other words, calculations for worksheet Trial_Blends will not be completed until the required specific gravity measurements are made. Two plots are included in this worksheet as visual aids in blending aggregates. Batch--this worksheet can be used to calculate batch weights for any selected trial batch.
Specifc_Gravity--in this worksheet, data on bulk and maximum specific gravity for the trial batches are entered and various calculations involved in volumetric analysis are performed. The results are used in a number of other worksheets.
T_283--this worksheet is used to enter data and perform calculations for AASHTO T-283: Resistance of Compacted HMA to Moisture-Induced Damage.
Performance--this worksheet is used to enter the results of performance testing. It is very flexible to allow a range of tests to be used as part of the mix design process.
Short_Report--this worksheet can be used to print out a short summary report for any selected trial batch.
Complete_Report--this worksheet can be used to print out a long report giving information on all trial batches made in developing a mix design.
Modulus--this worksheet can be used to estimate |G*| values for the binder and |E*| values for any selected mix, at up to five temperatures and six frequencies. In order to provide modulus estimates, binder grading must be entered in worksheet Binders, and if RAP is used, in worksheet RAP_Binders.
Worksheet Help
Each worksheet contains a brief description of how it is used in the mix design process. These should be read prior to entering data in the worksheet and/or interpreting the results of an analysis.
page 2/3
Worksheets
HMA Tools is designed to be a comprehensive tool for assisting engineers and technicians in developing HMA mix designs, and for this reason, it contains a large number of seperate worksheets corresponding to the many steps in the mix design process. Within the spreadsheet, the worksheets appear from right to left in the order in which they would normally be used in developing a mix design. Each of these worksheets is breifly described below.
Abbreviations--this worksheet lists abbreviations used in HMA Tools along with their meaning.
Specifications--contains specification information for developing mix designs. Specifications are in general very similar to those used in the Superpave system of mix design and analysis, as summarized in AASHTO M 323. One important difference is that the required coarse aggregate fractured faces value for the highest design traffic level has been reduced from 100 % to 98 %.
General--the user enters general information concerning the mix design.
Aggregates--data on aggregate stockpiles are entered in this worksheeet.
RAP_Aggregates--data on RAP Stockpiles are entered here.
Binders--the user enters grading data on up to four binders. Entering data in this worksheet is needed in two situations: (1) the mix design will contain more than 15 % RAP, which means that the binder grade must be adjusted to account for the binder in the RAP; and (2) modulus estimates are desired.
RAP_Binders--grading data on binder recovered from up to four RAP stockpiles is entered. This is not necessary if the RAP content of the mix design will be 15 % or less, since the binder grade is then based only on the virgin binder, unless modulus estimates for the mixture are needed.
Blended_Binders--this worksheet is a stand-alone calculation tool for analyzing binder grades for HMA mixtures containing RAP. It is not necessary to use this worksheet during a mixture design; it is included for the convenience of engineers and technicians who might wish to perform "what if?" analyses for a mixture before starting in on trial mixtures. It can be used, for example, to estimate the proper amount of RAP to include in a mixture given the grade of the new binder added to the mix, and the required final blended binder grade.
RAP_Varaibility--data for calculating standard deviation for RAP gradations and RAP binder content are entered in this worksheet. This data is then used to estimate the maximum RAP content that can be used without exceeding given limits on mixture variability. Use of this worksheet is not required for mix designs, since many agencies have their own policies concerning maximum allowable RAP contents in HMA mix designs.
page 3/3
Worksheets
Trial_Blends--this is the main worksheet used in proportioning trial mixtures. the user enters aggregate blend information here for up to seven different trial mixtures. Proportions for the resulting trial batches can be printed out using the worksheet Batch. After mixing and compacting, specific gravity measurements are made and entered in Specific_Gravity. Volumetric proportions are then calculated and displayed in worksheet Trial_Blends. In other words, calculations for worksheet Trial_Blends will not be completed until the required specific gravity measurements are made. Two plots are included in this worksheet as visual aids in blending aggregates. Batch--this worksheet can be used to calculate batch weights for any selected trial batch.
Specifc_Gravity--in this worksheet, data on bulk and maximum specific gravity for the trial batches are entered and various calculations involved in volumetric analysis are performed. The results are used in a number of other worksheets.
T_283--this worksheet is used to enter data and perform calculations for AASHTO T-283: Resistance of Compacted HMA to Moisture-Induced Damage.
Performance--this worksheet is used to enter the results of performance testing. It is very flexible to allow a range of tests to be used as part of the mix design process.
Short_Report--this worksheet can be used to print out a short summary report for any selected trial batch.
Complete_Report--this worksheet can be used to print out a long report giving information on all trial batches made in developing a mix design.
Modulus--this worksheet can be used to estimate |G*| values for the binder and |E*| values for any selected mix, at up to five temperatures and six frequencies. In order to provide modulus estimates, binder grading must be entered in worksheet Binders, and if RAP is used, in worksheet RAP_Binders.
Worksheet Help
Each worksheet contains a brief description of how it is used in the mix design process. These should be read prior to entering data in the worksheet and/or interpreting the results of an analysis.
page 3/3
Worksheets
Trial_Blends--this is the main worksheet used in proportioning trial mixtures. the user enters aggregate blend information here for up to seven different trial mixtures. Proportions for the resulting trial batches can be printed out using the worksheet Batch. After mixing and compacting, specific gravity measurements are made and entered in Specific_Gravity. Volumetric proportions are then calculated and displayed in worksheet Trial_Blends. In other words, calculations for worksheet Trial_Blends will not be completed until the required specific gravity measurements are made. Two plots are included in this worksheet as visual aids in blending aggregates. Batch--this worksheet can be used to calculate batch weights for any selected trial batch.
Specifc_Gravity--in this worksheet, data on bulk and maximum specific gravity for the trial batches are entered and various calculations involved in volumetric analysis are performed. The results are used in a number of other worksheets.
T_283--this worksheet is used to enter data and perform calculations for AASHTO T-283: Resistance of Compacted HMA to Moisture-Induced Damage.
Performance--this worksheet is used to enter the results of performance testing. It is very flexible to allow a range of tests to be used as part of the mix design process.
Short_Report--this worksheet can be used to print out a short summary report for any selected trial batch.
Complete_Report--this worksheet can be used to print out a long report giving information on all trial batches made in developing a mix design.
Modulus--this worksheet can be used to estimate |G*| values for the binder and |E*| values for any selected mix, at up to five temperatures and six frequencies. In order to provide modulus estimates, binder grading must be entered in worksheet Binders, and if RAP is used, in worksheet RAP_Binders.
Worksheet Help
Each worksheet contains a brief description of how it is used in the mix design process. These should be read prior to entering data in the worksheet and/or interpreting the results of an analysis.
page 3/3
Worksheets
Trial_Blends--this is the main worksheet used in proportioning trial mixtures. the user enters aggregate blend information here for up to seven different trial mixtures. Proportions for the resulting trial batches can be printed out using the worksheet Batch. After mixing and compacting, specific gravity measurements are made and entered in Specific_Gravity. Volumetric proportions are then calculated and displayed in worksheet Trial_Blends. In other words, calculations for worksheet Trial_Blends will not be completed until the required specific gravity measurements are made. Two plots are included in this worksheet as visual aids in blending aggregates. Batch--this worksheet can be used to calculate batch weights for any selected trial batch.
Specifc_Gravity--in this worksheet, data on bulk and maximum specific gravity for the trial batches are entered and various calculations involved in volumetric analysis are performed. The results are used in a number of other worksheets.
T_283--this worksheet is used to enter data and perform calculations for AASHTO T-283: Resistance of Compacted HMA to Moisture-Induced Damage.
Performance--this worksheet is used to enter the results of performance testing. It is very flexible to allow a range of tests to be used as part of the mix design process.
Short_Report--this worksheet can be used to print out a short summary report for any selected trial batch.
Complete_Report--this worksheet can be used to print out a long report giving information on all trial batches made in developing a mix design.
Modulus--this worksheet can be used to estimate |G*| values for the binder and |E*| values for any selected mix, at up to five temperatures and six frequencies. In order to provide modulus estimates, binder grading must be entered in worksheet Binders, and if RAP is used, in worksheet RAP_Binders.
Worksheet Help
Each worksheet contains a brief description of how it is used in the mix design process. These should be read prior to entering data in the worksheet and/or interpreting the results of an analysis.
MeaningaggregateAverageBending beam rheometerdegrees celsiusCoarse aggregateCoarse aggregate fractured facescentimetercubic centimeterprecision, difference-two standard deviationDiameterDirect tension (asphalt binder direct tension test)EffectiveEngineerEquivalent single axle loadsFine aggregateFine aggregate angularitygramMix bulk specific gravityMix theoretical maximum specific gravityAggregate apparent specific gravityAggregate bulk specific gravityAggregate effective specific gravityHeightinchkilogramLengthpoundcubic meterMaximumMillion equivalent single axle loadsManufacturedMinimummillimeterAggregate nominal maximum aggregate sizeNumberPascalAir void content, volume %Asphalt binder content, % by weightPerformance gradeRecycled asphalt pavement/reclaimed asphatl pavementRAP stockpile Specific GravityStandard DeviationThickness
TechnicianTemperatureVolume of air voidsTotal binder contentAbsorbed binder content by volumeEffective binder content by volumeVoids filled with asphaltVoids in the mineral aggregateVolumeWidthweight
SPECIFICATIONS
Size, mm50.00037.50025.00019.00012.500
9.5004.7502.3601.1800.6000.3000.1500.075
Primary control sieve, mm
FineDense
Coarse
Traffic TrafficMin Max
>= <VMA 0 0.3
0.3 33 10
10 3030 1000
Traffic TrafficMin Max
>= <Aggregate 0 0.3
Specification/Source Properties 0.3 33 10
10 3030 1000
N-design Traffic TrafficMin Max
% Passing on primary control sieve for gradation type:
Help for Worksheet "Specs"
This worksheet contains various specification values used in designing dense graded HMA mixtures. The values are based upon the Superpave system of mix design and analysis, with revisions as proposed as part of NCHRP Project 9-33 as of December 2008. Most of the values in this page normally should not be altered, and so are for the most part protected. The agency may choose to increase VMA requirements, if desired. If such an increase is made, the dust/binder ratio should be maintained at the "standard" level.
The specification limits for the optional aggregate source properties, entered in cells H48:I55 (coarse aggregate) and P48:Q55 (fine aggregate) are user-specified. Abbreviations and units/limits should be placed in the cells above these columns. Note that the units/limits in these cells are refered to by several other worksheets, so it is important to fill in these cells if source properties are used.
CAFF/1FF CAFF/2FF CAFF/1FF CAFF/2FF Flat & FAA/UV FAA/UVSurf. Surf. Other Other Elong. Surface Surface
Min Min. Min. Min. % Max. Min. Min.55 0 0 0 0 0 075 0 50 0 10 40 4085 80 60 0 1095 90 80 75 1098 98 98 98 10
N-design1 N-design2Key to Abbreviations
CAFF/1FF/Surf. = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least one fractured face, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
CAFF/2FF/Surf. = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least two fractured faces, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
CAFF/1FF/Other = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least one fractured face, uncompacted voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface)
CAFF/2FF/Other = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least two fractured faces, uncompacted voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface)
FAA/UV/Surface = fine aggregate angularity, uncompacted voids, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
FAA/UV/Other = fine aggregate angularity, uncompacte voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface
FAA/Source 1 = fine aggregate user-specified source property No. 1FAA/Source 2 = fine aggregate user-specified source property No. 2
50 N/A75 N/A
100 N/A100 N/A125 N/A
Max1.61.2N/A2.0
Key to Abbreviations
CAFF/1FF/Surf. = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least one fractured face, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
CAFF/2FF/Surf. = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least two fractured faces, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
CAFF/1FF/Other = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least one fractured face, uncompacted voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface)
CAFF/2FF/Other = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least two fractured faces, uncompacted voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface)
CAFF/1FF/Surf. = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least one fractured face, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
CAFF/2FF/Surf. = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least two fractured faces, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
CAFF/1FF/Other = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least one fractured face, uncompacted voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface)
CAFF/2FF/Other = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least two fractured faces, uncompacted voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface)
FAA/UV/Surface = fine aggregate angularity, uncompacted voids, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
FAA/UV/Other = fine aggregate angularity, uncompacte voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface
FAA/Source 1 = fine aggregate user-specified source property No. 1FAA/Source 2 = fine aggregate user-specified source property No. 2
Key to Abbreviations
CAFF/1FF/Surf. = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least one fractured face, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
CAFF/2FF/Surf. = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least two fractured faces, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
CAFF/1FF/Other = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least one fractured face, uncompacted voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface)
CAFF/2FF/Other = coarse aggregate fractured faces, percent of particles with at least two fractured faces, uncompacted voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface)
FAA/UV/Surface = fine aggregate angularity, uncompacted voids, surface course or otherwise within 100 mm of surface
FAA/UV/Other = fine aggregate angularity, uncompacte voids, base/binder course more than 100 mm from surface
FAA/Source 1 = fine aggregate user-specified source property No. 1FAA/Source 2 = fine aggregate user-specified source property No. 2
GENERAL INFORMATIONDate (mm/dd/yyyy): 2/17/2009Project: Pilot CourseTech./Engr.: J. DoeNMAS (size in mm): 9.5To be placed within 100 mm of surface (yes/no): YesTraffic Level (million ESALs): 6Dust/Binder ratio (standard/low): standardSpecified Binder PG Grade, PG- 64-22Specified High Temperature PG Grade: 64Specified Low Temperature PG Grade: -22Specified Intermediate Temperature PG Grade: 25Compactor Manufacturer and Model: PineCompactor Angle Calibration Method:
CA Fractured Faces, One Fractured Face, Min. % 85CA Frctured Faces, Two Fractured Faces, Min. % 80CA Flat & Elongated, 5:1 Ratio, Max. % 10
#N/A
#N/A
FA Angularity, Uncompacted Voids, Min. % 40Sand Equivalent, Min. % 45
#N/A#N/A
Retained onSieve, mm
PassingSieve, mm
Help for Worksheet "General"
This worksheet contains general, summary information for the mix design. Cells D3 through D15, along with cells D23, D24 and D28 should be filled out by the user. The values in most of the other cells are protected; the values are determined by calculation or logic and are not entered by the user. The specification limits given here are dependent upon values entered in various cells at the top of the page and on values in the worksheet "Specifications." However, cells for describing the source properties for coarse aggregate (C33 AND C34) and fine aggregate (C38 and C39) should be filled if if these optional properties are specified. Also, the sieve on which these source properties are determined should be entered in cells E33:E34 (coarse aggregate) and cells E38:E39 (fine aggregate). Only the 2.36, 4.75 or 9.5 mm sieves may be specified.
It is essential to fill in the selected target VMA value in cell D23 and the target air void content in cell D24. Normally, the value as given in cell D20 should be used for the target VMA; this represents the midpoint of the specified VMA range. However, some users may wish to target VMA values closer to the upper or lower limit. The target air void content is normally 4.0 %.
Specifying a "low" dust/binder ratio establishes slightly lower dust/binder ratios than the standard range, which will tend to produce mixes with increased permeability and decreased rut resistance. Therefore, "standard" should be specified, unless limitations in local aggregates make achieving higher dust/binder ratios difficult or impossible.
The maximum allowable RAP content need not be filled out if no RAP is used in the mix design. If RAP is being used, the value entered in cell D28 can be as specified by the local agency, or it can be determined by an analysis of RAP variability as performed using worksheet "RAP_variability (cell B14)." This maximum allowable RAP content is independent of that found on the basis of binder grading--maximum (and minimum) RAP contents based on asphalt binder grading are determined in worksheets "Binders" and "RAP_Binders." The worksheet "RAP_binders can also be used to perform this calculation, but this worksheet is meant as a stand-alone tool, and is not tied in to other worksheets in HMA Tools.
Help for Worksheet "General"
This worksheet contains general, summary information for the mix design. Cells D3 through D15, along with cells D23, D24 and D28 should be filled out by the user. The values in most of the other cells are protected; the values are determined by calculation or logic and are not entered by the user. The specification limits given here are dependent upon values entered in various cells at the top of the page and on values in the worksheet "Specifications." However, cells for describing the source properties for coarse aggregate (C33 AND C34) and fine aggregate (C38 and C39) should be filled if if these optional properties are specified. Also, the sieve on which these source properties are determined should be entered in cells E33:E34 (coarse aggregate) and cells E38:E39 (fine aggregate). Only the 2.36, 4.75 or 9.5 mm sieves may be specified.
It is essential to fill in the selected target VMA value in cell D23 and the target air void content in cell D24. Normally, the value as given in cell D20 should be used for the target VMA; this represents the midpoint of the specified VMA range. However, some users may wish to target VMA values closer to the upper or lower limit. The target air void content is normally 4.0 %.
Specifying a "low" dust/binder ratio establishes slightly lower dust/binder ratios than the standard range, which will tend to produce mixes with increased permeability and decreased rut resistance. Therefore, "standard" should be specified, unless limitations in local aggregates make achieving higher dust/binder ratios difficult or impossible.
The maximum allowable RAP content need not be filled out if no RAP is used in the mix design. If RAP is being used, the value entered in cell D28 can be as specified by the local agency, or it can be determined by an analysis of RAP variability as performed using worksheet "RAP_variability (cell B14)." This maximum allowable RAP content is independent of that found on the basis of binder grading--maximum (and minimum) RAP contents based on asphalt binder grading are determined in worksheets "Binders" and "RAP_Binders." The worksheet "RAP_binders can also be used to perform this calculation, but this worksheet is meant as a stand-alone tool, and is not tied in to other worksheets in HMA Tools.
Enter properties for the various aggregates and RAP stockpiles to be used in the mix design on this worksheet. These properties include bulk and apparent specific gravity values, water absorption, specification properties, optional source properties, and particle size distribution/sieve analysis.
Data for RAP aggregates and other properties of RAP stockpiles are entered in worksheet "RAP_Aggregates." The values in columns K through N in this worksheet are copied over from "RAP_Aggregates" once it is filled out.
It is important to completely fill out needed data in this worksheet, since the values are used in many other placed in HMA_Tools.
Help for Worksheet "Aggs"
Enter properties for the various aggregates and RAP stockpiles to be used in the mix design on this worksheet. These properties include bulk and apparent specific gravity values, water absorption, specification properties, optional source properties, and particle size distribution/sieve analysis.
Data for RAP aggregates and other properties of RAP stockpiles are entered in worksheet "RAP_Aggregates." The values in columns K through N in this worksheet are copied over from "RAP_Aggregates" once it is filled out.
It is important to completely fill out needed data in this worksheet, since the values are used in many other placed in HMA_Tools.
Help Appears Below Data Below Entered on Worksheet RAP_Aggregates
Enter properties for the various aggregates and RAP stockpiles to be used in the mix design on this worksheet. These properties include bulk and apparent specific gravity values, water absorption, specification properties, optional source properties, and particle size distribution/sieve analysis.
Data for RAP aggregates and other properties of RAP stockpiles are entered in worksheet "RAP_Aggregates." The values in columns K through N in this worksheet are copied over from "RAP_Aggregates" once it is filled out.
It is important to completely fill out needed data in this worksheet, since the values are used in many other placed in HMA_Tools.
Help for Worksheet "Aggs"
Enter properties for the various aggregates and RAP stockpiles to be used in the mix design on this worksheet. These properties include bulk and apparent specific gravity values, water absorption, specification properties, optional source properties, and particle size distribution/sieve analysis.
Data for RAP aggregates and other properties of RAP stockpiles are entered in worksheet "RAP_Aggregates." The values in columns K through N in this worksheet are copied over from "RAP_Aggregates" once it is filled out.
It is important to completely fill out needed data in this worksheet, since the values are used in many other placed in HMA_Tools.
Crushed Stone 1 Crushed Stone 1A Mfg. Sand Natural Sand #N/A #N/A
Binder Content, Wt. % 5.20Binder Specific Gravity 1.030
Maximum Theoretical Specifif GravityEstimated Binder Absorption, Wt. %
Measured Fine Aggregate Bulk Specific Gravity 2.525Measured Coarse Aggregate Bulk Specific Gravity 2.640
Measured Fine Aggregate Apparent Specific Gravity 2.587Measured Coarse Aggregate Apparent Specific Gravity 2.694
RAP Aggregate Average Bulk Specific Gravity 2.576 #N/ARAP Aggregate Average Apparent Specific Gravity 2.635 #N/ARAP Aggregate Average Effective Specific Gravity #N/A #N/A
RAP Water Absorption 0.86 #N/A
CAFF, One Fractured Face, % 100.0CAFF, Two Fractured Faces, % 95.0
Enter properties for the various RAP stockpiles to be used in the mix design on this worksheet. These properties include bulk and apparent specific gravity values, water absorption, specification properties, optional source properties, and particle size distribution/sieve analysis.
Data for up to four RAP stockpiles are entered in columns C through F. If measured aggregate specific gravity values are unavailable or incomplete, aggregate specific gravities are estimated from binder content, binder specific gravity, maximum theoretical specific gravity and estimated binder absoprtion.
Data from this spreadsheet is automatically copied into worksheet "Aggregates" in columns K through N.
Continuous Critical Temp., BBR and DT, C: -20.1Low Temperature Grade, BBR and DT, C: -28
Low Temp. Grade from Intermediate Temp. Grade: -40
Final Low Temperature Grade: -28
Final Binder PG Grade: PG 58-(13)-28
Continuous High Temperature Grade, C: 59.0Continuous Intermediate Temperature Grade, C: 13.0
Continous Low Temperature Grade, C: -30.1
Help for Worksheet "Binder"
Data for up to four binders can be entered in this worksheet. Enter the binder specific gravity value in cells D7, H7, L7 and P7. If the value is unknown, use the default value of 1.030.
Binder grading test data is entered in various green cells in the spreadsheet as indicated. Binder grading data is only needed in two situations: (1) when more than 15 % RAP is used, and an estimate of the resulting blended binder PG grade is needed; or (2) when estimates of mixture |E*| values (or binder |G*| values) are needed. Binder low temperature grading can be done using either BBR data or optional direct tension data. If both are entered, final grading will be based on the lowest of these two procedures. NOTE THAT IF MIXTURE |E*| ESTIMATES ARE NEEDED, BBR GRADING DATA MUST BE ENTERED. |E*| ESTIMATES CANNOT BE PERFORMED USING DIRECT TENSION GRADING INFORMATION.
Temp. |G*|/sin delta Temp. |G*|/sin deltaC kPa C kPa
64 1.5470 0.76
Temp. |G*|/sin delta Temp. |G*|/sin deltaC kPa C kPa
64 3.4670 1.62
67.6 #VALUE!64 #VALUE!
Temp. |G*| x sin delta Temp. |G*| x sin deltaC kPa C kPa
19 7,18322 4,81925 3,145
21.7 #N/A22 #N/A
m-value Temp. |G*| Sin delta Temp. |G*| Sin deltaC kPa deg C kPa deg
0.373 -12 214 0.3590.278 -18 507 0.275
-14.3 #N/A-16.0 #N/A
-14.3 #N/A
-22 #N/A
Strain at Strain atTemp. Failure Temp. Failure
C % C %
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
-14.3 #N/A-22 #N/A-28 #N/A
-22 #N/A
PG 64-(22)-22 #VALUE!
67.6 #VALUE!21.7 #N/A
-24.3 #N/A
Help for Worksheet "Binder"
Data for up to four binders can be entered in this worksheet. Enter the binder specific gravity value in cells D7, H7, L7 and P7. If the value is unknown, use the default value of 1.030.
Binder grading test data is entered in various green cells in the spreadsheet as indicated. Binder grading data is only needed in two situations: (1) when more than 15 % RAP is used, and an estimate of the resulting blended binder PG grade is needed; or (2) when estimates of mixture |E*| values (or binder |G*| values) are needed. Binder low temperature grading can be done using either BBR data or optional direct tension data. If both are entered, final grading will be based on the lowest of these two procedures. NOTE THAT IF MIXTURE |E*| ESTIMATES ARE NEEDED, BBR GRADING DATA MUST BE ENTERED. |E*| ESTIMATES CANNOT BE PERFORMED USING DIRECT TENSION GRADING INFORMATION.
Data for properties of up to four binders recovered from RAP stockpiles can be entered in this worksheet. Enter the binder specific gravity value in cells D7, H7, L7 and P7. If the value is unknown, use the default value of 1.030.
Binder grading test data is entered in various green cells in the spreadsheet as indicated. Binder grading data is only needed in two situations: (1) when high percentages of RAP are used (typically greater than 15 %) and an estimate of the resulting blended binder PG grade is needed; or (2) when estimates of mixture modulus (|E*|) values are needed. Binder low temperature grading can be done using either BBR data or optional direct tension data. If both are entered, final grading will be based on the lowest of these two procedures. NOTE THAT IF MIXTURE |E*| ESTIMATES ARE NEEDED, BBR GRADING DATA MUST BE ENTERED. MIXTURE MODULUS ESTIMATES CANNOT BE PROVIDED BASED ON DIRECT TENSION GRADING.
I
Help appears below
Rap Binder 1 Rap Binder 2 Rap Binder 3
1.030 1.030
Temp. |G*|/sin delta Temp. |G*|/sin deltaC kPa C kPa
Temp. |G*|/sin delta Temp. |G*|/sin deltaC kPa C kPa
#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!
Temp. |G*| x sin delta Temp. |G*| x sin deltaC kPa C kPa
#N/A #N/A#N/A #N/A
m-value Temp. |G*| Sin delta Temp. |G*| Sin deltaC kPa deg C kPa deg
0.3350.299
#N/A #N/A#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Strain at Strain atTemp. Failure Temp. Failure
C % C %
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A#N/A #N/A#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
#VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!#N/A #N/A#N/A #N/A
Help for Worksheet "Binder"
Data for properties of up to four binders recovered from RAP stockpiles can be entered in this worksheet. Enter the binder specific gravity value in cells D7, H7, L7 and P7. If the value is unknown, use the default value of 1.030.
Binder grading test data is entered in various green cells in the spreadsheet as indicated. Binder grading data is only needed in two situations: (1) when high percentages of RAP are used (typically greater than 15 %) and an estimate of the resulting blended binder PG grade is needed; or (2) when estimates of mixture modulus (|E*|) values are needed. Binder low temperature grading can be done using either BBR data or optional direct tension data. If both are entered, final grading will be based on the lowest of these two procedures. NOTE THAT IF MIXTURE |E*| ESTIMATES ARE NEEDED, BBR GRADING DATA MUST BE ENTERED. MIXTURE MODULUS ESTIMATES CANNOT BE PROVIDED BASED ON DIRECT TENSION GRADING.
Int Con. Grd. Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Diff Temp DiffkPa C kPa
0000
Int Con. Grd. Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!#VALUE!
Diff Temp DiffkPa C kPa
0000
Int Con. Grd. Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!#VALUE!
Diff Temp DiffkPa C kPa
0000
Int Con. Grd. Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
Diff Temp DiffkPa C kPa
0000
Int Con. Grd. Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!#VALUE!
Diff Temp DiffkPa C kPa
00
00
Int Con. Grd. Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!#VALUE!
Binder 4
Temp DiffC kPa0000
Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Temp DiffC kPa0000
Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!#VALUE!
Temp DiffC kPa0000
Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!#VALUE!
Temp DiffC kPa0000
Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
Temp DiffC kPa0000
Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!#VALUE!
Temp DiffC kPa00
00
Slope Int Con. Grd.#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!#VALUE!
BLENDED BINDERS CALCULATION TOOL
INFORMATION ON RAP STOCKPILES, RAP BINDERS AND MIX DESIGN
Specified Binder PG Grade, PG-Specified High Temperature PG Grade:Specified Intermediate Temperature PG Grade:Specified Low Temperature PG Grade:Critical Low Temperature
New Binder GradeCritical High Temperature, C:Critical Intermediate Temperature:
Critical Low Temperature for New Binder:
Minimum RAP Binder Proportion to Meet Grade Requirements, Wt. % of Total Binder:Maximum RAP Binder Proportion to Meet Grade Requirements, Wt. % of Total Binder:
Min. RAP Binder Prop. to Meet Grade (10 % Min. RAP Content), Wt. % of Total Binder:Max. RAP Binder Prop. to Meet Grade (50 % Max. RAP Content), Wt. % of Total Binder:
Min. RAP Binder Content to Meet Grade Requirements, Wt. % of Total Mix:Max. RAP Binder Content to Meet Grade Requirements, Wt. % of Total Mix:
Min. RAP Binder Content to Meet Grade (10 % Min. RAP Content), Wt. % of Total Mix:Max. RAP Binder Content to Meet Grade (50 % Max.RAP Content), Wt. % of Total Mix:
Minimum RAP Content to Meet Grade Requirements, Wt. % RAP Agg. in Total Agg.:Maximum RAP Content to Meet Grade Requirements, Wt. % RAP Agg. In Total Agg.:
Min. RAP Content to Meet Grade (10 % Min. RAP Content), Wt. % RAP Agg. In Total Agg.:Max. RAP Content to Meet Grade (50 % Max. RAP Content), Wt. % RAP Agg. In Total Agg.:
REQUIRED BINDER GRADE FOR GIVEN RAP CONTENT
RAP Content as % of Aggregate Stockpile (between 10 % and 50 %):
RAP Binder Content, % Total Mix Weight:New Binder Content, % Total Mix Weight:Proportion of Binder from RAP, Wt. %:
High Critical Temperature for New Binder, C:Intermediate Critical Temperature for New Binder, C:Low Critical Temperature for New Binder, C:
This worksheet can be used to solve two different types of problems involving RAP and asphalt binder grading:
(1) It can be used to determine the minimum and maximum RAP contents required to obtain a specified blended binder grade given a new binder grade.
(2) it can be used to determine the required new binder grade given the amount of RAP to be included in the mix design.
HMA Tools automatically performs calculations related to RAP contents and blended binder grades when the proper worksheets are filled out--it is not necessary to use the worksheet "Blended_Binders" when doing a mix design. This worksheet is intended as a stand-alone tool in performing preliminary analyses of RAP mix designs, without having to completely enter data in other worksheets. In fact, worksheet "Blended_Binders" can be used to solve problems totally unrelated to data entered in other worksheets. However, problems related to the data already entered into HMA tools can also be addressed--useful information from other worksheets appears in yellow shaded cells to the left of green input cells for the convenience of the user. The data in these yellow cells can be examined and appropriate values then entered in the input ranges in worksheet "Blended_Binders" as needed. Again, analyses performed on this worksheet will not affect data or calculations any where else within HMA Tools--this is a stand-alone worksheet for solving problems related to blended binder grades of HMA mixes containing RAP.
Binder grade requirements (for the final blended binder) are entered in cells C5:C8. The yellow shaded cells to the right provide information on binder grades already entered in worksheet "Binders." Estimated binder content and absorption for the mix design are entered in cells C11:C12. The RAP blend percentages (% by weight of up to four different RAP stockpiles) are entered in cells C16:C19. The total binder content and absorption for these four RAP stockpiles are entered in cells C22:D25. For reference, binder information for any RAP materials entered in worksheet "RAP_Aggregates" appear in the yellow shaded area to the right of these cells.
RAP binder grading information is entered in cells C30:E33. Data from RAP binders entered in worksheet "RAP_Binders" appears to the right in the yellow shaded cells. Continuous grading information for the binder in the RAP blend appears in cells C36:C38.
For the type of problem where the allowable range in RAP content needs to be determined for a given new binder PG grade, the grading information for the new binder is entered in cells C43:C45 and C47. The absolute minimum and maximum RAP contents required to meet the stated grade requirements are given in cells C61 and C62. However, HMA Tools assumes that a minimum RAP content of 15 % can be used regardless of binder grading requirements,and that a RAP content of 50 % should never be exceeded. Therefore, the final recommended range in RAP content--considering the 15 % minimum and 50 % maximum values--appear in cells C64 and C65, respectively.
For the second type of problems, where the required new binder PG grade is determined given a certain percentage of RAP, the RAP content (in weight %) is entered in cell C70. The required PG grade for the new binder appears in cell C80. As in many other places in HMA Tools, the PG grade included the required intermediate temperature grade in paratheses, in between the high and low temperature gardes. NOTE--the required grade given in cell C80 represents the combination of the lowest high-temperature and highest low-temperature PG grade meeting the requirements. Several other PG grades may meet the required critical temperatures given in cells C76:C78.
Help for Worksheet "Blended_Binders"
This worksheet can be used to solve two different types of problems involving RAP and asphalt binder grading:
(1) It can be used to determine the minimum and maximum RAP contents required to obtain a specified blended binder grade given a new binder grade.
(2) it can be used to determine the required new binder grade given the amount of RAP to be included in the mix design.
HMA Tools automatically performs calculations related to RAP contents and blended binder grades when the proper worksheets are filled out--it is not necessary to use the worksheet "Blended_Binders" when doing a mix design. This worksheet is intended as a stand-alone tool in performing preliminary analyses of RAP mix designs, without having to completely enter data in other worksheets. In fact, worksheet "Blended_Binders" can be used to solve problems totally unrelated to data entered in other worksheets. However, problems related to the data already entered into HMA tools can also be addressed--useful information from other worksheets appears in yellow shaded cells to the left of green input cells for the convenience of the user. The data in these yellow cells can be examined and appropriate values then entered in the input ranges in worksheet "Blended_Binders" as needed. Again, analyses performed on this worksheet will not affect data or calculations any where else within HMA Tools--this is a stand-alone worksheet for solving problems related to blended binder grades of HMA mixes containing RAP.
Binder grade requirements (for the final blended binder) are entered in cells C5:C8. The yellow shaded cells to the right provide information on binder grades already entered in worksheet "Binders." Estimated binder content and absorption for the mix design are entered in cells C11:C12. The RAP blend percentages (% by weight of up to four different RAP stockpiles) are entered in cells C16:C19. The total binder content and absorption for these four RAP stockpiles are entered in cells C22:D25. For reference, binder information for any RAP materials entered in worksheet "RAP_Aggregates" appear in the yellow shaded area to the right of these cells.
RAP binder grading information is entered in cells C30:E33. Data from RAP binders entered in worksheet "RAP_Binders" appears to the right in the yellow shaded cells. Continuous grading information for the binder in the RAP blend appears in cells C36:C38.
For the type of problem where the allowable range in RAP content needs to be determined for a given new binder PG grade, the grading information for the new binder is entered in cells C43:C45 and C47. The absolute minimum and maximum RAP contents required to meet the stated grade requirements are given in cells C61 and C62. However, HMA Tools assumes that a minimum RAP content of 15 % can be used regardless of binder grading requirements,and that a RAP content of 50 % should never be exceeded. Therefore, the final recommended range in RAP content--considering the 15 % minimum and 50 % maximum values--appear in cells C64 and C65, respectively.
For the second type of problems, where the required new binder PG grade is determined given a certain percentage of RAP, the RAP content (in weight %) is entered in cell C70. The required PG grade for the new binder appears in cell C80. As in many other places in HMA Tools, the PG grade included the required intermediate temperature grade in paratheses, in between the high and low temperature gardes. NOTE--the required grade given in cell C80 represents the combination of the lowest high-temperature and highest low-temperature PG grade meeting the requirements. Several other PG grades may meet the required critical temperatures given in cells C76:C78.
Pbe % Total MixMin #VALUE! #VALUE!Max #VALUE! #VALUE!
Psr Psan40.00 60.00
High Temp.Tb Grade66 #VALUE!24
-14 #VALUE!
Help for Worksheet "Blended_Binders"
This worksheet can be used to solve two different types of problems involving RAP and asphalt binder grading:
(1) It can be used to determine the minimum and maximum RAP contents required to obtain a specified blended binder grade given a new binder grade.
(2) it can be used to determine the required new binder grade given the amount of RAP to be included in the mix design.
HMA Tools automatically performs calculations related to RAP contents and blended binder grades when the proper worksheets are filled out--it is not necessary to use the worksheet "Blended_Binders" when doing a mix design. This worksheet is intended as a stand-alone tool in performing preliminary analyses of RAP mix designs, without having to completely enter data in other worksheets. In fact, worksheet "Blended_Binders" can be used to solve problems totally unrelated to data entered in other worksheets. However, problems related to the data already entered into HMA tools can also be addressed--useful information from other worksheets appears in yellow shaded cells to the left of green input cells for the convenience of the user. The data in these yellow cells can be examined and appropriate values then entered in the input ranges in worksheet "Blended_Binders" as needed. Again, analyses performed on this worksheet will not affect data or calculations any where else within HMA Tools--this is a stand-alone worksheet for solving problems related to blended binder grades of HMA mixes containing RAP.
Binder grade requirements (for the final blended binder) are entered in cells C5:C8. The yellow shaded cells to the right provide information on binder grades already entered in worksheet "Binders." Estimated binder content and absorption for the mix design are entered in cells C11:C12. The RAP blend percentages (% by weight of up to four different RAP stockpiles) are entered in cells C16:C19. The total binder content and absorption for these four RAP stockpiles are entered in cells C22:D25. For reference, binder information for any RAP materials entered in worksheet "RAP_Aggregates" appear in the yellow shaded area to the right of these cells.
RAP binder grading information is entered in cells C30:E33. Data from RAP binders entered in worksheet "RAP_Binders" appears to the right in the yellow shaded cells. Continuous grading information for the binder in the RAP blend appears in cells C36:C38.
For the type of problem where the allowable range in RAP content needs to be determined for a given new binder PG grade, the grading information for the new binder is entered in cells C43:C45 and C47. The absolute minimum and maximum RAP contents required to meet the stated grade requirements are given in cells C61 and C62. However, HMA Tools assumes that a minimum RAP content of 15 % can be used regardless of binder grading requirements,and that a RAP content of 50 % should never be exceeded. Therefore, the final recommended range in RAP content--considering the 15 % minimum and 50 % maximum values--appear in cells C64 and C65, respectively.
For the second type of problems, where the required new binder PG grade is determined given a certain percentage of RAP, the RAP content (in weight %) is entered in cell C70. The required PG grade for the new binder appears in cell C80. As in many other places in HMA Tools, the PG grade included the required intermediate temperature grade in paratheses, in between the high and low temperature gardes. NOTE--the required grade given in cell C80 represents the combination of the lowest high-temperature and highest low-temperature PG grade meeting the requirements. Several other PG grades may meet the required critical temperatures given in cells C76:C78.
Help for Worksheet "Blended_Binders"
This worksheet can be used to solve two different types of problems involving RAP and asphalt binder grading:
(1) It can be used to determine the minimum and maximum RAP contents required to obtain a specified blended binder grade given a new binder grade.
(2) it can be used to determine the required new binder grade given the amount of RAP to be included in the mix design.
HMA Tools automatically performs calculations related to RAP contents and blended binder grades when the proper worksheets are filled out--it is not necessary to use the worksheet "Blended_Binders" when doing a mix design. This worksheet is intended as a stand-alone tool in performing preliminary analyses of RAP mix designs, without having to completely enter data in other worksheets. In fact, worksheet "Blended_Binders" can be used to solve problems totally unrelated to data entered in other worksheets. However, problems related to the data already entered into HMA tools can also be addressed--useful information from other worksheets appears in yellow shaded cells to the left of green input cells for the convenience of the user. The data in these yellow cells can be examined and appropriate values then entered in the input ranges in worksheet "Blended_Binders" as needed. Again, analyses performed on this worksheet will not affect data or calculations any where else within HMA Tools--this is a stand-alone worksheet for solving problems related to blended binder grades of HMA mixes containing RAP.
Binder grade requirements (for the final blended binder) are entered in cells C5:C8. The yellow shaded cells to the right provide information on binder grades already entered in worksheet "Binders." Estimated binder content and absorption for the mix design are entered in cells C11:C12. The RAP blend percentages (% by weight of up to four different RAP stockpiles) are entered in cells C16:C19. The total binder content and absorption for these four RAP stockpiles are entered in cells C22:D25. For reference, binder information for any RAP materials entered in worksheet "RAP_Aggregates" appear in the yellow shaded area to the right of these cells.
RAP binder grading information is entered in cells C30:E33. Data from RAP binders entered in worksheet "RAP_Binders" appears to the right in the yellow shaded cells. Continuous grading information for the binder in the RAP blend appears in cells C36:C38.
For the type of problem where the allowable range in RAP content needs to be determined for a given new binder PG grade, the grading information for the new binder is entered in cells C43:C45 and C47. The absolute minimum and maximum RAP contents required to meet the stated grade requirements are given in cells C61 and C62. However, HMA Tools assumes that a minimum RAP content of 15 % can be used regardless of binder grading requirements,and that a RAP content of 50 % should never be exceeded. Therefore, the final recommended range in RAP content--considering the 15 % minimum and 50 % maximum values--appear in cells C64 and C65, respectively.
For the second type of problems, where the required new binder PG grade is determined given a certain percentage of RAP, the RAP content (in weight %) is entered in cell C70. The required PG grade for the new binder appears in cell C80. As in many other places in HMA Tools, the PG grade included the required intermediate temperature grade in paratheses, in between the high and low temperature gardes. NOTE--the required grade given in cell C80 represents the combination of the lowest high-temperature and highest low-temperature PG grade meeting the requirements. Several other PG grades may meet the required critical temperatures given in cells C76:C78.
This worksheet is used to analyze the variability of RAP stockpiles and use this information to estimate the maximum RAP content that can be used in an HMA mix design without a significant increase in the variability of production.
To use this worksheet, data on aggregate gradation data and asphalt binder cotnent of up to four RAP stockpiles is entered above. Although the analysis will work with as little as two replicate determinations for each stockpile, a minimum of five samples is highly recommended, and 20 or more will provide optimal results. The more samples used in the analysis, the more accurate the results and the higher the maximum allowable RAP content. The data entered can be from QC data or from representative samples taken from the RAP stockpiles. The suggested reliability level (cell B5) is 80 %. The maximum allowable RAP content listed in B14 should be entered in cell D28 in worksheet "General" if this analysis is being done as part of a mix design being performed with HMA Tools.
NOTE: Use of this worksheet to determine maximum allowable RAP content is optional. Many agencies already have procedures and specifications for determining the maximum amount of RAP that can be used in an HMA mix design. In such cases, this worksheet need not be used, and agency guidelines should be followed in estimating the maximum amount of RAP that can be used in a mix.
Help for Worksheet "RAP_Variability"
This worksheet is used to analyze the variability of RAP stockpiles and use this information to estimate the maximum RAP content that can be used in an HMA mix design without a significant increase in the variability of production.
To use this worksheet, data on aggregate gradation data and asphalt binder cotnent of up to four RAP stockpiles is entered above. Although the analysis will work with as little as two replicate determinations for each stockpile, a minimum of five samples is highly recommended, and 20 or more will provide optimal results. The more samples used in the analysis, the more accurate the results and the higher the maximum allowable RAP content. The data entered can be from QC data or from representative samples taken from the RAP stockpiles. The suggested reliability level (cell B5) is 80 %. The maximum allowable RAP content listed in B14 should be entered in cell D28 in worksheet "General" if this analysis is being done as part of a mix design being performed with HMA Tools.
NOTE: Use of this worksheet to determine maximum allowable RAP content is optional. Many agencies already have procedures and specifications for determining the maximum amount of RAP that can be used in an HMA mix design. In such cases, this worksheet need not be used, and agency guidelines should be followed in estimating the maximum amount of RAP that can be used in a mix.
Help appears below
Enter in cell D28 on Worksheet General
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Help for Worksheet "RAP_Variability"
This worksheet is used to analyze the variability of RAP stockpiles and use this information to estimate the maximum RAP content that can be used in an HMA mix design without a significant increase in the variability of production.
To use this worksheet, data on aggregate gradation data and asphalt binder cotnent of up to four RAP stockpiles is entered above. Although the analysis will work with as little as two replicate determinations for each stockpile, a minimum of five samples is highly recommended, and 20 or more will provide optimal results. The more samples used in the analysis, the more accurate the results and the higher the maximum allowable RAP content. The data entered can be from QC data or from representative samples taken from the RAP stockpiles. The suggested reliability level (cell B5) is 80 %. The maximum allowable RAP content listed in B14 should be entered in cell D28 in worksheet "General" if this analysis is being done as part of a mix design being performed with HMA Tools.
NOTE: Use of this worksheet to determine maximum allowable RAP content is optional. Many agencies already have procedures and specifications for determining the maximum amount of RAP that can be used in an HMA mix design. In such cases, this worksheet need not be used, and agency guidelines should be followed in estimating the maximum amount of RAP that can be used in a mix.
Help for Worksheet "RAP_Variability"
This worksheet is used to analyze the variability of RAP stockpiles and use this information to estimate the maximum RAP content that can be used in an HMA mix design without a significant increase in the variability of production.
To use this worksheet, data on aggregate gradation data and asphalt binder cotnent of up to four RAP stockpiles is entered above. Although the analysis will work with as little as two replicate determinations for each stockpile, a minimum of five samples is highly recommended, and 20 or more will provide optimal results. The more samples used in the analysis, the more accurate the results and the higher the maximum allowable RAP content. The data entered can be from QC data or from representative samples taken from the RAP stockpiles. The suggested reliability level (cell B5) is 80 %. The maximum allowable RAP content listed in B14 should be entered in cell D28 in worksheet "General" if this analysis is being done as part of a mix design being performed with HMA Tools.
NOTE: Use of this worksheet to determine maximum allowable RAP content is optional. Many agencies already have procedures and specifications for determining the maximum amount of RAP that can be used in an HMA mix design. In such cases, this worksheet need not be used, and agency guidelines should be followed in estimating the maximum amount of RAP that can be used in a mix.
This spreadsheet is the primary means for developing and analyzing trial mixtures. Proportions for aggregate blends for up to seven trial mixtures are entered in cells F25 through L32. Target VMA values and design air void values can be added in cells F36 through L36 and cells F38 through L38, respectively. If no VMA and air void data is entered for a selected trial batch, the target values entered in worksheet General are assumed. Binder contents are calculated automatically from VMA and air void data--therefore, to adjust binder data, VMA and or air void content must be adjusted. It is recommended that the target values for VMA and air voids be used in intial batches, and that adjustments in VMA and air voids be done only in refining the final mix design.
Two plots can be used as aids in developing aggregate blends. The plot at the upper right is a standard gradation plot, showing percent passing as a function of sieve size in mm. The heavy gray lines on this plot represent the control points for the selected NMAS. The plot above graphically shows how each blend deviates from a continuous maximum density gradation. A perfect maximum density gradation plots as a horizontal line on this plot. Size ranges in which the plot is above zero indicate that there is more material compared to an ideal maximum density gradation. Areas in which the plot is below zero indicate that there is less material in that size range compared to an ideal maximum density gradation. The small plots in gray at the top of this chart are idealized plots of coarse, dense and fine gradations.
Because these plots may become difficult to read when more than two or three gradations are shown, the user may select which trial blends to include on the plots by placing an "X" (or any other character) in the appropriate cell in the range F23 through L23. As another aid in using these plots, the legend includes values for air voids and VMA. However, these values will not be shown until specific gravity data is entered in worksheet Spec_Grav.
Binder grades (or grading test data) for up to four binders are entered in worksheet Binders. For each of seven trial blends, one of these four binders can be selected by placing an "X" in the appropriate cell in range F52:L55.
Data shown in lower portions of this worksheet include specific gravity values, aborption values and gradations for the various trial blends, estimated aggregate specification and source properties, and volumetric properties for the resulting mixtures. Voluemtric properties will not be shown until specific gravity data is entered in worksheet Spec_Grav.
Mix designs containing RAP can also be designed using this worksheet. RAP stockpiles properties are entered in worksheet RAP_Aggregates, and RAP binder properties (when needed) are entered in worksheet RAP_Binders. In this worksheet, Trial_Blends, RAP aggregates are proportioned exactly like other aggregates. However, the worksheet will also perform various calculations useful in devleoping HMA mix designs containing RAP. For the selected new binder (cells F56:L59), the resulting final blended PG grade is given in cells F62:L62. This should be compared to the specified grade given in cell F61:L61. In cells F65:L66 are listed the minimum and maximum RAP contents for the given RAP blend to meet the specified PG grade and given the selected new binder PG grade. These minimum and maximum values are only accurate for RAP blends using the same ratio as the given trial blend. For example, if the trial blend contains two RAP stockpiles blended at 10 % each, and shows a maximum allowable RAP content of 40 %, this means that these stockpiles would be blended at 20 % each (a 50/50 ratio) to obtain the maximum RAP content of 40 %.
Note that the blended binder grade and the maximum allowable RAP content are calculated using various factors of safety in the required binder grade: 2 degrees for the high and low binder grades, and 1 degree for the intermediate grading. This means, for example, that a continuous blended binder grade of 65 degrees will be reduced to 63 degrees, resulting in a final grading of 58. When calculating maximum allowable RAP, the required low temperature grade is reduced by 2 degrees, the interemediate temperature is reduced by 1 degree, and the required high temperature grade is increased by 2 degrees. These factors of safety ensure that the required blended binder grade will be met, even if the grading of the extracted RAP binder is not entirely accurate. In some cases, application of these factors of safety might result in apparent inconsistencies, especially with new binders that are close to failing the required binder grade.
Binder grade calculations done in this worksheet assume a maximum allowable RAP content of 15 %, regardless of the PG grade of the extracted RAP binder. This means that for RAP contents of 15 % or less, the blended binder grade will be assumed to be the same as that of the new binder.
Binder PG grades given in this sheet include the intermediate temperature grading, since binder grades will sometimes fail this requirement, while meeting the high and low temperature requirement. Including the intermediate temperature grading will make the reason for such a rejected binder grading clear.
At the bottom of this spreadsheet, under the title "RAP Analysis," appears additional information related to the use of RAP (if any) in the mix design. Although some engineers and technicians might find this information useful, it is non-essential to the mix design process and is shaded yellow to separate it from the essential information at the top of the worksheet.
This spreadsheet is the primary means for developing and analyzing trial mixtures. Proportions for aggregate blends for up to seven trial mixtures are entered in cells F25 through L32. Target VMA values and design air void values can be added in cells F36 through L36 and cells F38 through L38, respectively. If no VMA and air void data is entered for a selected trial batch, the target values entered in worksheet General are assumed. Binder contents are calculated automatically from VMA and air void data--therefore, to adjust binder data, VMA and or air void content must be adjusted. It is recommended that the target values for VMA and air voids be used in intial batches, and that adjustments in VMA and air voids be done only in refining the final mix design.
Two plots can be used as aids in developing aggregate blends. The plot at the upper right is a standard gradation plot, showing percent passing as a function of sieve size in mm. The heavy gray lines on this plot represent the control points for the selected NMAS. The plot above graphically shows how each blend deviates from a continuous maximum density gradation. A perfect maximum density gradation plots as a horizontal line on this plot. Size ranges in which the plot is above zero indicate that there is more material compared to an ideal maximum density gradation. Areas in which the plot is below zero indicate that there is less material in that size range compared to an ideal maximum density gradation. The small plots in gray at the top of this chart are idealized plots of coarse, dense and fine gradations.
Because these plots may become difficult to read when more than two or three gradations are shown, the user may select which trial blends to include on the plots by placing an "X" (or any other character) in the appropriate cell in the range F23 through L23. As another aid in using these plots, the legend includes values for air voids and VMA. However, these values will not be shown until specific gravity data is entered in worksheet Spec_Grav.
Binder grades (or grading test data) for up to four binders are entered in worksheet Binders. For each of seven trial blends, one of these four binders can be selected by placing an "X" in the appropriate cell in range F52:L55.
Data shown in lower portions of this worksheet include specific gravity values, aborption values and gradations for the various trial blends, estimated aggregate specification and source properties, and volumetric properties for the resulting mixtures. Voluemtric properties will not be shown until specific gravity data is entered in worksheet Spec_Grav.
Mix designs containing RAP can also be designed using this worksheet. RAP stockpiles properties are entered in worksheet RAP_Aggregates, and RAP binder properties (when needed) are entered in worksheet RAP_Binders. In this worksheet, Trial_Blends, RAP aggregates are proportioned exactly like other aggregates. However, the worksheet will also perform various calculations useful in devleoping HMA mix designs containing RAP. For the selected new binder (cells F56:L59), the resulting final blended PG grade is given in cells F62:L62. This should be compared to the specified grade given in cell F61:L61. In cells F65:L66 are listed the minimum and maximum RAP contents for the given RAP blend to meet the specified PG grade and given the selected new binder PG grade. These minimum and maximum values are only accurate for RAP blends using the same ratio as the given trial blend. For example, if the trial blend contains two RAP stockpiles blended at 10 % each, and shows a maximum allowable RAP content of 40 %, this means that these stockpiles would be blended at 20 % each (a 50/50 ratio) to obtain the maximum RAP content of 40 %.
Note that the blended binder grade and the maximum allowable RAP content are calculated using various factors of safety in the required binder grade: 2 degrees for the high and low binder grades, and 1 degree for the intermediate grading. This means, for example, that a continuous blended binder grade of 65 degrees will be reduced to 63 degrees, resulting in a final grading of 58. When calculating maximum allowable RAP, the required low temperature grade is reduced by 2 degrees, the interemediate temperature is reduced by 1 degree, and the required high temperature grade is increased by 2 degrees. These factors of safety ensure that the required blended binder grade will be met, even if the grading of the extracted RAP binder is not entirely accurate. In some cases, application of these factors of safety might result in apparent inconsistencies, especially with new binders that are close to failing the required binder grade.
Binder grade calculations done in this worksheet assume a maximum allowable RAP content of 15 %, regardless of the PG grade of the extracted RAP binder. This means that for RAP contents of 15 % or less, the blended binder grade will be assumed to be the same as that of the new binder.
Binder PG grades given in this sheet include the intermediate temperature grading, since binder grades will sometimes fail this requirement, while meeting the high and low temperature requirement. Including the intermediate temperature grading will make the reason for such a rejected binder grading clear.
At the bottom of this spreadsheet, under the title "RAP Analysis," appears additional information related to the use of RAP (if any) in the mix design. Although some engineers and technicians might find this information useful, it is non-essential to the mix design process and is shaded yellow to separate it from the essential information at the top of the worksheet.
This spreadsheet is the primary means for developing and analyzing trial mixtures. Proportions for aggregate blends for up to seven trial mixtures are entered in cells F25 through L32. Target VMA values and design air void values can be added in cells F36 through L36 and cells F38 through L38, respectively. If no VMA and air void data is entered for a selected trial batch, the target values entered in worksheet General are assumed. Binder contents are calculated automatically from VMA and air void data--therefore, to adjust binder data, VMA and or air void content must be adjusted. It is recommended that the target values for VMA and air voids be used in intial batches, and that adjustments in VMA and air voids be done only in refining the final mix design.
Two plots can be used as aids in developing aggregate blends. The plot at the upper right is a standard gradation plot, showing percent passing as a function of sieve size in mm. The heavy gray lines on this plot represent the control points for the selected NMAS. The plot above graphically shows how each blend deviates from a continuous maximum density gradation. A perfect maximum density gradation plots as a horizontal line on this plot. Size ranges in which the plot is above zero indicate that there is more material compared to an ideal maximum density gradation. Areas in which the plot is below zero indicate that there is less material in that size range compared to an ideal maximum density gradation. The small plots in gray at the top of this chart are idealized plots of coarse, dense and fine gradations.
Because these plots may become difficult to read when more than two or three gradations are shown, the user may select which trial blends to include on the plots by placing an "X" (or any other character) in the appropriate cell in the range F23 through L23. As another aid in using these plots, the legend includes values for air voids and VMA. However, these values will not be shown until specific gravity data is entered in worksheet Spec_Grav.
Binder grades (or grading test data) for up to four binders are entered in worksheet Binders. For each of seven trial blends, one of these four binders can be selected by placing an "X" in the appropriate cell in range F52:L55.
Data shown in lower portions of this worksheet include specific gravity values, aborption values and gradations for the various trial blends, estimated aggregate specification and source properties, and volumetric properties for the resulting mixtures. Voluemtric properties will not be shown until specific gravity data is entered in worksheet Spec_Grav.
Mix designs containing RAP can also be designed using this worksheet. RAP stockpiles properties are entered in worksheet RAP_Aggregates, and RAP binder properties (when needed) are entered in worksheet RAP_Binders. In this worksheet, Trial_Blends, RAP aggregates are proportioned exactly like other aggregates. However, the worksheet will also perform various calculations useful in devleoping HMA mix designs containing RAP. For the selected new binder (cells F56:L59), the resulting final blended PG grade is given in cells F62:L62. This should be compared to the specified grade given in cell F61:L61. In cells F65:L66 are listed the minimum and maximum RAP contents for the given RAP blend to meet the specified PG grade and given the selected new binder PG grade. These minimum and maximum values are only accurate for RAP blends using the same ratio as the given trial blend. For example, if the trial blend contains two RAP stockpiles blended at 10 % each, and shows a maximum allowable RAP content of 40 %, this means that these stockpiles would be blended at 20 % each (a 50/50 ratio) to obtain the maximum RAP content of 40 %.
Note that the blended binder grade and the maximum allowable RAP content are calculated using various factors of safety in the required binder grade: 2 degrees for the high and low binder grades, and 1 degree for the intermediate grading. This means, for example, that a continuous blended binder grade of 65 degrees will be reduced to 63 degrees, resulting in a final grading of 58. When calculating maximum allowable RAP, the required low temperature grade is reduced by 2 degrees, the interemediate temperature is reduced by 1 degree, and the required high temperature grade is increased by 2 degrees. These factors of safety ensure that the required blended binder grade will be met, even if the grading of the extracted RAP binder is not entirely accurate. In some cases, application of these factors of safety might result in apparent inconsistencies, especially with new binders that are close to failing the required binder grade.
Binder grade calculations done in this worksheet assume a maximum allowable RAP content of 15 %, regardless of the PG grade of the extracted RAP binder. This means that for RAP contents of 15 % or less, the blended binder grade will be assumed to be the same as that of the new binder.
Binder PG grades given in this sheet include the intermediate temperature grading, since binder grades will sometimes fail this requirement, while meeting the high and low temperature requirement. Including the intermediate temperature grading will make the reason for such a rejected binder grading clear.
At the bottom of this spreadsheet, under the title "RAP Analysis," appears additional information related to the use of RAP (if any) in the mix design. Although some engineers and technicians might find this information useful, it is non-essential to the mix design process and is shaded yellow to separate it from the essential information at the top of the worksheet.
1.4721.0770.7950.5820.4260.3120.000
Fine1111111111111
Help for Worksheet "Trial_Blends"
This spreadsheet is the primary means for developing and analyzing trial mixtures. Proportions for aggregate blends for up to seven trial mixtures are entered in cells F25 through L32. Target VMA values and design air void values can be added in cells F36 through L36 and cells F38 through L38, respectively. If no VMA and air void data is entered for a selected trial batch, the target values entered in worksheet General are assumed. Binder contents are calculated automatically from VMA and air void data--therefore, to adjust binder data, VMA and or air void content must be adjusted. It is recommended that the target values for VMA and air voids be used in intial batches, and that adjustments in VMA and air voids be done only in refining the final mix design.
Two plots can be used as aids in developing aggregate blends. The plot at the upper right is a standard gradation plot, showing percent passing as a function of sieve size in mm. The heavy gray lines on this plot represent the control points for the selected NMAS. The plot above graphically shows how each blend deviates from a continuous maximum density gradation. A perfect maximum density gradation plots as a horizontal line on this plot. Size ranges in which the plot is above zero indicate that there is more material compared to an ideal maximum density gradation. Areas in which the plot is below zero indicate that there is less material in that size range compared to an ideal maximum density gradation. The small plots in gray at the top of this chart are idealized plots of coarse, dense and fine gradations.
Because these plots may become difficult to read when more than two or three gradations are shown, the user may select which trial blends to include on the plots by placing an "X" (or any other character) in the appropriate cell in the range F23 through L23. As another aid in using these plots, the legend includes values for air voids and VMA. However, these values will not be shown until specific gravity data is entered in worksheet Spec_Grav.
Binder grades (or grading test data) for up to four binders are entered in worksheet Binders. For each of seven trial blends, one of these four binders can be selected by placing an "X" in the appropriate cell in range F52:L55.
Data shown in lower portions of this worksheet include specific gravity values, aborption values and gradations for the various trial blends, estimated aggregate specification and source properties, and volumetric properties for the resulting mixtures. Voluemtric properties will not be shown until specific gravity data is entered in worksheet Spec_Grav.
Mix designs containing RAP can also be designed using this worksheet. RAP stockpiles properties are entered in worksheet RAP_Aggregates, and RAP binder properties (when needed) are entered in worksheet RAP_Binders. In this worksheet, Trial_Blends, RAP aggregates are proportioned exactly like other aggregates. However, the worksheet will also perform various calculations useful in devleoping HMA mix designs containing RAP. For the selected new binder (cells F56:L59), the resulting final blended PG grade is given in cells F62:L62. This should be compared to the specified grade given in cell F61:L61. In cells F65:L66 are listed the minimum and maximum RAP contents for the given RAP blend to meet the specified PG grade and given the selected new binder PG grade. These minimum and maximum values are only accurate for RAP blends using the same ratio as the given trial blend. For example, if the trial blend contains two RAP stockpiles blended at 10 % each, and shows a maximum allowable RAP content of 40 %, this means that these stockpiles would be blended at 20 % each (a 50/50 ratio) to obtain the maximum RAP content of 40 %.
Note that the blended binder grade and the maximum allowable RAP content are calculated using various factors of safety in the required binder grade: 2 degrees for the high and low binder grades, and 1 degree for the intermediate grading. This means, for example, that a continuous blended binder grade of 65 degrees will be reduced to 63 degrees, resulting in a final grading of 58. When calculating maximum allowable RAP, the required low temperature grade is reduced by 2 degrees, the interemediate temperature is reduced by 1 degree, and the required high temperature grade is increased by 2 degrees. These factors of safety ensure that the required blended binder grade will be met, even if the grading of the extracted RAP binder is not entirely accurate. In some cases, application of these factors of safety might result in apparent inconsistencies, especially with new binders that are close to failing the required binder grade.
Binder grade calculations done in this worksheet assume a maximum allowable RAP content of 15 %, regardless of the PG grade of the extracted RAP binder. This means that for RAP contents of 15 % or less, the blended binder grade will be assumed to be the same as that of the new binder.
Binder PG grades given in this sheet include the intermediate temperature grading, since binder grades will sometimes fail this requirement, while meeting the high and low temperature requirement. Including the intermediate temperature grading will make the reason for such a rejected binder grading clear.
At the bottom of this spreadsheet, under the title "RAP Analysis," appears additional information related to the use of RAP (if any) in the mix design. Although some engineers and technicians might find this information useful, it is non-essential to the mix design process and is shaded yellow to separate it from the essential information at the top of the worksheet.
User-Calculated ValueBulk specific gravity, dry basis
USE BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.292 2.332COMMENTS High Absorption High Absorption
MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Weight in Water MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of specimen in water, g, C
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., A/(A-C) or A/(A'-C)
Range #N/AAcceptable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Pyncnometer Method
Dry mass in air, g, A 2523.2 2247.0 2272.2Surface-dry mass in air, g, A' 2523.6 2247.2 2272.5 (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of pyncnometer filled with water, g, F 7610.9 7373.8 7610.9Mass of pync. With mix and water, g, G 9091.2 8695.6 8940.2Correction for Thermal Exp. Of Binder, g, H 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Density of water at test temp., Mg/m^3, dw 0.997 0.997 0.997 0.997
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., {A/[(A+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997) 2.418 2.428 2.409 or {A/[(A'+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997)Range 0.010Accpetable? (Within d2s precision) YES
User-Calculated ValueTheoretical maximum specific gravity
USE THEORETICAL MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.423 2.411
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
Aggregate bulk specific gravity, dry basis 2.590 2.587Air void content, % by volume 5.4 3.3Asphalt content, % by weight 5.95 100.00Aggregate content, % by weight 94.05 0.00VMA, % by volume 16.8 100.0Vbe, % by volume 11.4 96.7Calculated Agg. Eff. Specific Gravity 2.279 Err:522Calc. Absorbed asphalt, % by Agg. Wt. ### Err:522Absorbed asphalt, % by total weight ### Err:522Absorbed asphalt, % by total volume -11.35 Err:522Effective asphalt, % by total weight ### Err:522Dust/binder ratio #VALUE! ###
Help for Worksheet "Spec_Grav"
This spreadsheet is used to calculate specific gravity values for the initial trial mixture(s), using data determined in laboratory measurements. The user may also enter specific gravity values calculated using some other method.
Bulk specific gravity, dry basis, can be calculated following either the weight in water/SSD method or the weight in water/wax/parafilm method. Data for the SSD method are entered in cells C7:W9, data for the wax/parafilm method are entered in cells C20:W23. User-calculated values may be entered in cells C31:W31. Make certain that values are entered only in one set of cells. The user should note output in cells C12 through W12. An output of "High Abs." indicates that the average specimen absorption is above 2.0 %, and the bulk specific gravity should be tested using the wax/parafilm procedure, and not the SSD procedure, which is not suitable for specimens showing high absorption.
Data for the maximum specific gravity calculation are entered in cells C39:W40 and C42:W42 for the weight in water method, and cells C50:W51 and C53:W56 for the pyncnometer method. User-calculated values may be entered in cells C64:W64. Again, make certain values are entered in only one set of cells. For mixtures with high absorption, the dry-back procedure should be used which results in a weight in air and also a surface-dry weight in air. Surface-dry weights in air are entered only if this optional dry-back method is used.
Volumetric analysis of the resulting data are given at the bottom of this worksheet. In the volumetric analysis, theoretical maximum specific gravity values are average over each mixture. Additional analyses and plots appear in the worksheet "Analysis."
Help for Worksheet "Spec_Grav"
This spreadsheet is used to calculate specific gravity values for the initial trial mixture(s), using data determined in laboratory measurements. The user may also enter specific gravity values calculated using some other method.
Bulk specific gravity, dry basis, can be calculated following either the weight in water/SSD method or the weight in water/wax/parafilm method. Data for the SSD method are entered in cells C7:W9, data for the wax/parafilm method are entered in cells C20:W23. User-calculated values may be entered in cells C31:W31. Make certain that values are entered only in one set of cells. The user should note output in cells C12 through W12. An output of "High Abs." indicates that the average specimen absorption is above 2.0 %, and the bulk specific gravity should be tested using the wax/parafilm procedure, and not the SSD procedure, which is not suitable for specimens showing high absorption.
Data for the maximum specific gravity calculation are entered in cells C39:W40 and C42:W42 for the weight in water method, and cells C50:W51 and C53:W56 for the pyncnometer method. User-calculated values may be entered in cells C64:W64. Again, make certain values are entered in only one set of cells. For mixtures with high absorption, the dry-back procedure should be used which results in a weight in air and also a surface-dry weight in air. Surface-dry weights in air are entered only if this optional dry-back method is used.
Volumetric analysis of the resulting data are given at the bottom of this worksheet. In the volumetric analysis, theoretical maximum specific gravity values are average over each mixture. Additional analyses and plots appear in the worksheet "Analysis."
This spreadsheet is used to calculate specific gravity values for the initial trial mixture(s), using data determined in laboratory measurements. The user may also enter specific gravity values calculated using some other method.
Bulk specific gravity, dry basis, can be calculated following either the weight in water/SSD method or the weight in water/wax/parafilm method. Data for the SSD method are entered in cells C7:W9, data for the wax/parafilm method are entered in cells C20:W23. User-calculated values may be entered in cells C31:W31. Make certain that values are entered only in one set of cells. The user should note output in cells C12 through W12. An output of "High Abs." indicates that the average specimen absorption is above 2.0 %, and the bulk specific gravity should be tested using the wax/parafilm procedure, and not the SSD procedure, which is not suitable for specimens showing high absorption.
Data for the maximum specific gravity calculation are entered in cells C39:W40 and C42:W42 for the weight in water method, and cells C50:W51 and C53:W56 for the pyncnometer method. User-calculated values may be entered in cells C64:W64. Again, make certain values are entered in only one set of cells. For mixtures with high absorption, the dry-back procedure should be used which results in a weight in air and also a surface-dry weight in air. Surface-dry weights in air are entered only if this optional dry-back method is used.
Volumetric analysis of the resulting data are given at the bottom of this worksheet. In the volumetric analysis, theoretical maximum specific gravity values are average over each mixture. Additional analyses and plots appear in the worksheet "Analysis."
Help for Worksheet "Spec_Grav"
This spreadsheet is used to calculate specific gravity values for the initial trial mixture(s), using data determined in laboratory measurements. The user may also enter specific gravity values calculated using some other method.
Bulk specific gravity, dry basis, can be calculated following either the weight in water/SSD method or the weight in water/wax/parafilm method. Data for the SSD method are entered in cells C7:W9, data for the wax/parafilm method are entered in cells C20:W23. User-calculated values may be entered in cells C31:W31. Make certain that values are entered only in one set of cells. The user should note output in cells C12 through W12. An output of "High Abs." indicates that the average specimen absorption is above 2.0 %, and the bulk specific gravity should be tested using the wax/parafilm procedure, and not the SSD procedure, which is not suitable for specimens showing high absorption.
Data for the maximum specific gravity calculation are entered in cells C39:W40 and C42:W42 for the weight in water method, and cells C50:W51 and C53:W56 for the pyncnometer method. User-calculated values may be entered in cells C64:W64. Again, make certain values are entered in only one set of cells. For mixtures with high absorption, the dry-back procedure should be used which results in a weight in air and also a surface-dry weight in air. Surface-dry weights in air are entered only if this optional dry-back method is used.
Volumetric analysis of the resulting data are given at the bottom of this worksheet. In the volumetric analysis, theoretical maximum specific gravity values are average over each mixture. Additional analyses and plots appear in the worksheet "Analysis."
This worksheet is for recording data for AAHTO T 283: Resistance of Compacted HMA to Moisture-Induced Damage, and for performing the calculations required in this procedure. Project data is entered in the cells to the right of this help box. Specimen and test data is entered below, for up to 8 specimens (6 are normally used). This worksheet closely follow the data form included in the AASHTO T-283 write-up.
A calculation tool for theoretical maximum specific gravity appears at right, as an aid in determining Gmm as needed for this procedure. Values from the Gmm calculation tool are not carried over into any other part of HMA Tools.
Seven separate tables are included in this worksheet--one for each trial batch. You must enter your test data in the worksheet space corresponding to the proper trial batch. Find the table with the correct trial batch number by paging down through the worksheet. The trial batch number appears repeatedly in the yellow column at the far left of the worksheet in large black numbers. You don't need to fill out all the tables, only for the trial batches you have tested for moisture resistance.
MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALCULATION TOOL FOR T 283Rep. 1 Rep. 2 Rep. 3
Weight in Water MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of specimen in water, g, C
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., A/(A-C) or A/(A'-C)
Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Pyncnometer MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of pyncnometer filled with water, g, FMass of pync. With mix and water, g, GCorrection for Thermal Exp. Of Binder, g, HDensity of water at test temp., Mg/m^3, dw
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., {A/[(A+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997) or {A/[(A'+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997)Average #DIV/0!Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Help for Worksheet T-283
This worksheet is for recording data for AAHTO T 283: Resistance of Compacted HMA to Moisture-Induced Damage, and for performing the calculations required in this procedure. Project data is entered in the cells to the right of this help box. Specimen and test data is entered below, for up to 8 specimens (6 are normally used). This worksheet closely follow the data form included in the AASHTO T-283 write-up.
A calculation tool for theoretical maximum specific gravity appears at right, as an aid in determining Gmm as needed for this procedure. Values from the Gmm calculation tool are not carried over into any other part of HMA Tools.
Seven separate tables are included in this worksheet--one for each trial batch. You must enter your test data in the worksheet space corresponding to the proper trial batch. Find the table with the correct trial batch number by paging down through the worksheet. The trial batch number appears repeatedly in the yellow column at the far left of the worksheet in large black numbers. You don't need to fill out all the tables, only for the trial batches you have tested for moisture resistance.
MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALCULATION TOOL FOR T 283Rep. 1 Rep. 2 Rep. 3
Weight in Water MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of specimen in water, g, C
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., A/(A-C) or A/(A'-C)
Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Pyncnometer MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of pyncnometer filled with water, g, FMass of pync. With mix and water, g, GCorrection for Thermal Exp. Of Binder, g, HDensity of water at test temp., Mg/m^3, dw
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., {A/[(A+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997) or {A/[(A'+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997)Average #DIV/0!Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALCULATION TOOL FOR T 283Rep. 1 Rep. 2 Rep. 3
Weight in Water MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of specimen in water, g, C
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., A/(A-C) or A/(A'-C)
Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Pyncnometer MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of pyncnometer filled with water, g, FMass of pync. With mix and water, g, GCorrection for Thermal Exp. Of Binder, g, HDensity of water at test temp., Mg/m^3, dw
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., {A/[(A+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997) or {A/[(A'+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997)Average #DIV/0!Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALCULATION TOOL FOR T 283Rep. 1 Rep. 2 Rep. 3
Weight in Water MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of specimen in water, g, C
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., A/(A-C) or A/(A'-C)
Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Pyncnometer MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of pyncnometer filled with water, g, FMass of pync. With mix and water, g, GCorrection for Thermal Exp. Of Binder, g, HDensity of water at test temp., Mg/m^3, dw
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., {A/[(A+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997) or {A/[(A'+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997)Average #DIV/0!Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALCULATION TOOL FOR T 283Rep. 1 Rep. 2 Rep. 3
Weight in Water MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of specimen in water, g, C
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., A/(A-C) or A/(A'-C)
Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Pyncnometer MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of pyncnometer filled with water, g, FMass of pync. With mix and water, g, GCorrection for Thermal Exp. Of Binder, g, HDensity of water at test temp., Mg/m^3, dw
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., {A/[(A+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997) or {A/[(A'+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997)Average #DIV/0!Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALCULATION TOOL FOR T 283Rep. 1 Rep. 2 Rep. 3
Weight in Water MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of specimen in water, g, C
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., A/(A-C) or A/(A'-C)
Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Pyncnometer MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of pyncnometer filled with water, g, FMass of pync. With mix and water, g, GCorrection for Thermal Exp. Of Binder, g, HDensity of water at test temp., Mg/m^3, dw
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., {A/[(A+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997) or {A/[(A'+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997)Average #DIV/0!Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALCULATION TOOL FOR T 283Rep. 1 Rep. 2 Rep. 3
Weight in Water MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of specimen in water, g, C
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., A/(A-C) or A/(A'-C)
Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
Pyncnometer MethodDry mass in air, g, ASurface-dry mass in air, g, A' (dry-back method for porous aggregate only)Mass of pyncnometer filled with water, g, FMass of pync. With mix and water, g, GCorrection for Thermal Exp. Of Binder, g, HDensity of water at test temp., Mg/m^3, dw
Theor. Max. Sp. Grav., {A/[(A+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997) or {A/[(A'+F)-(G+H)]} x (dw/0.997)Average #DIV/0!Range #N/AAccpetable? (Within d2s precision) #N/A
This worksheet is used to record performance test data, including data from the simple performance test, the asphalt pavement analyzer, and various other tests. To allow flexibility, all data here must be entered by the user. The results are summarized on the report.
Seven separate tables are included in this worksheet--one for each trial batch. You must enter your information in the table corresponding to the proper trial batch. Find the table with the correct trial batch number by paging down through the worksheet. You don't need to fill out all the tables, only for the trial batches you have tested for rut resistance.
Help for Worksheet Performance
This worksheet is used to record performance test data, including data from the simple performance test, the asphalt pavement analyzer, and various other tests. To allow flexibility, all data here must be entered by the user. The results are summarized on the report.
Seven separate tables are included in this worksheet--one for each trial batch. You must enter your information in the table corresponding to the proper trial batch. Find the table with the correct trial batch number by paging down through the worksheet. You don't need to fill out all the tables, only for the trial batches you have tested for rut resistance.
SHORT REPORT ON HMA MIX DESIGNDate (mm/dd/yyyy): Surface Course (yes/no): YesSelect Trial Blend No. 1 through 7 1 Traffic Level (million ESALs): 6.0Project: Pilot Course Ndesign: 100Tech./Engr.: J. Doe Compactor Type: PineNMAS (size in mm): 9.5 Angle Calibration Method: Not specified
Material Gsb Gsa Wt. % MIXTURE VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIESCrushed Stone 1 2.607 2.715 14.1Crushed Stone 1A 2.607 2.715 23.5 Specifications ValueMfg. Sand 2.575 2.718 11.3 Voids 3.5 to 4.5 5.4Natural Sand 2.597 2.711 7.5 VMA 15 to 17.0 16.8#N/A #N/A #N/A 0.0 Dust/Binder 0.8 to 1.6 #VALUE!#N/A #N/A #N/A 0.0#N/A #N/A #N/A 0.0 Vbe NA 11.4#N/A #N/A #N/A 0.0 VFA NA 67.7RSP No. 18 2.576 2.635 37.6#N/A #N/A #N/A 0.0#N/A #N/A #N/A 0.0#N/A #N/A #N/A 0.0