COMPACTACIÓN INTELIGENTE DE SUELOS, BASES Y SUB-BASES EN COLOMBIA RITA ESQUIVEL CARRANZA Cód.: 201010820 Asesora: SILVIA CARO-SPINEL Ph.D. FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y AMBIENTAL MAESTRÍA EN INGENIERÍA CIVIL INFRAESTRUCTURA VIAL DICIEMBRE DE 2011 BOGOTÁ D.C.
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VEDA, es en la actualidad un software de análisis de información estandarizada
requerido por la Federal Highway Administration -FHWA en sus especificaciones
para la compactación inteligente de suelos y bases granulares.
5.2.8. Especificaciones de la Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
A la fecha, pocos Estados han formulado especificaciones para regular el uso de la
tecnología de compactación inteligente, en la cual se detalla además las
responsabilidades de los contratistas al incluir en sus proyectos las especificaciones
relacionan los requerimientos contractuales, los equipos, el personal de obra y sus
correspondientes funciones, los métodos constructivos y los controles de calidad.
Adjunto, se anexan las especificaciones básicas que actualmente emplea la FHWA
para la compactación inteligente de suelos y bases. La Tabla 5 resume las
principales especificaciones vigentes en la actualidad (Ver Anexo 1.
Especificaciones FHWA para Compactación Inteligente de suelos y bases)
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Tabla 5. Resumen especificaciones FHWA.
REQUERIMIENTO GENERALIDADES
SUELOS BASES GRANULARES EQUIPOS
Compactadores equipados con toda la instrumentación requerida en la compactación inteligente: *Acelerómetros *Sistemas de medición de valores de compactación *Sistema de documentación *Sistema GPS
CONTROL DE CALIDAD El plan de aseguramiento de la calidad debe incluir: *Control de Materiales *Control de Equipos *Control de Operaciones de construcción Personal Calificado para implementar dicho plan : *Administrador del Plan *Técnico de Control de Calidad *Operador del Compactador IC
CONSTRUCCIÓN
Asistencia Técnica 1, durante los 7 días siguientes al inicio de la obra Luego, tantas como sean necesarias
Áreas de Construcción Áreas ≤ 25.000 ft2 Requiere evaluación
Áreas parciales ≤ 5.000 ft2 Evaluación se incluye en la zona
anterior Áreas parciales ≥ 5.000 ft2 Constituye un área completa
PAGO Los ítems de pago deben incluir: *Combustible *Operador *Sistema GPS *Ensayos y soporte técnico de GPS
COMPACTACIÓN INTELIGENTE DE SUELOS, BASES Y SUB-BASES EN COLOMBIA
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6. COMPACTACIÓN INTELIGENTE EN COLOMBIA: UNA
TECNOLOGÍA EMERGENTE
A nivel mundial, la compactación se ha convertido en el pilar fundamental en la
construcción de obras civiles, y más aún, en el eje principal para la construcción de
vías más duraderas. Por las investigaciones realizadas durante este proyecto, es
posible constatar que esta es una tecnología emergente a la cual el país no le ha
otorgado la importancia suficiente.
6.1. ACTUALIDAD
Durante el proceso de compactación es necesario definir los procesos de control de
calidad mediante los cuales se verificará el resultado final del proceso. Como se
mencionó con anterioridad, densidades más uniformes acorde a los requerimientos
y especificaciones de diseños, se traducen en vías con vidas de servicio más
prolongadas, y en menores costos de mantenimiento durante dicha vida útil.
El proceso de compactación se puede controlar durante su ejecución llevando a
cabo la verificación de resultados obtenidos midiendo las propiedades físicas y
mecánicas de la capa compactada y realizando controles sobre la forma como se
utiliza el material. Cualquiera de estos métodos, determina la eficiencia del proceso
basado en el Grado de Compactación al relacionar el peso volumétrico obtenido in
situ y el peso volumétrico seco ensayado en el laboratorio (Arenas, 2000).
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6.1.1. Pruebas In Situ
En Colombia, los ensayos más empleados para obtener la densidad de la capa
compactada, son:
Densímetro nuclear, el empleo de sondas radiométricas permite determinar
la densidad de los suelos de una manera rápida y no destructiva. Este
método se basa en el principio de que los suelos absorben menos radiación
que aquellos que están más densos, por lo que los rayos gamma de una
fuente radioactiva penetran en el suelo, pero sólo un porcentaje de ellos se
refleja, según sea el porcentaje de vacíos presente en dicho suelo. Los rayos
reflejados son registrados y detectados en un contador y luego, convertidos
a unidades de densidad y humedad mediante una serie de correlaciones.
A diferencia de otros métodos que requieren mucho tiempo, con el
densímetro nuclear se obtiene la medición radiométrica que proporciona
resultados en pocos minutos.
Cono de Arena, se pueden realizar pruebas para determinara la densidad
humedad y la densidad seca, y a partir de éstas la densidad Proctor con la
que se determina el grado de compactación.
Básicamente, el procedimiento consiste en extraer material compactado
hasta unos 15 cm de profundidad, luego se pesa dicho material, se seca en el
horno y se pesa nuevamente para obtener la humedad del suelo. El
volumen del material extraído se determina llenando con arena de
características conocida, de manera que conociendo el peso del cono de
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arena antes y después, es posible conocer el volumen de la material extraído
inicialmente.
Globo de Agua (balón de densidad), el balón de densidad o densímetro de
Washington consta de un cilindro transparente lleno de agua, el cual
permite conocer el volumen de la muestra extraída. El procedimiento es
similar al método del cono de arena, pero en este caso el material de
características conocidas es agua.
6.1.2. Especificaciones para Compactación Convencional
Actualmente las entidades estatales competentes en la gestión de proyectos de
infraestructura exigen de manera obligatoria fases experimentales, en las que se
realicen tramos de prueba con material, longitudes, anchos y espesores definidos,
que permitan probar el desempeño de los equipos de compactación y a la vez,
definir los programas de trabajo a desarrollar en cada proyecto especifico, de
manera que se cumplan a cabalidad los requisitos de diseño y parámetros
contractuales establecidos.
En el caso de que los parámetros no se ajusten a lo previamente dispuesto, se
requiere la implementación de las correcciones pertinentes hasta lograr resultados
satisfactorios.
A nivel distrital, el Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano –IDU dispone consideraciones
para la compactación se suelos, bases y sub-bases:
Suelos, se refiere a la subrasante o el apoyo de la estructura de pavimento,
por lo general requiere compactación. Sin embargo, puede presentarse el
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caso en los documentos contractuales, explícitamente, se indique que la
subrasante no requiere compactación (IDU, 2006).
Las comprobaciones de densidad de la capa por lo general se realizan una
vez por semana en una proporción de al menos una cada doscientos
cincuenta metro cuadrados (250m2). Para los tramos de comprobación se
realizan al menos seis, en sitios escogidos al azar o de acuerdo a
indicaciones de la interventoría. La densidad media del tramo debe ser
como mínimo el 95 % de la densidad máxima de referencia obtenida en el
ensayo de compactación Proctor modificado, realizado acorde a las normas
Invias INV E-142.
Para bases y sub-bases, se maneja densidades media mayor o igual al 95%
del ensayo Proctor o del 100%, respectivamente (IDU, 2006).
Cada ensayo individual debe ser igual o superior al 98% del valor medio del
tramo, y solo se admitirá un resultado por debajo de dicho límite, siempre y
cuando sea mayor al 90%.
La tabla 6 resume los controles de calidad para compactación que son requeridos
en la actualidad por el Instituto de Desarrollo urbano de Bogotá.
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Tabla 6. Controles de calidad IDU
Los controles de calidad de densidad de la capa compactada se efectúan acorde a
los métodos aplicables de ensayos o pruebas in situ. Estos ensayos se realizan de
acuerdo a lo descrito en las normas INVIAS: INV E-161, INV E- 162, INV E- 163 y
INV E- 164. Una vez, efectuados los controles de calidad, el contratista debe
rellenar las excavaciones que para tal fin se realizaron, con material de igual
calidad al originalmente dispuesto.
6.2. COMPACTACIÓN INTELIGENTE EN COLOMBIA: UNA
TECNOLOGÍA EMERGENTE
La compactación inteligente es un concepto poco o nada conocido en nuestro país.
Al consultar a empresas del sector de construcción que se dedican al desarrollo de
proyectos de infraestructura vial, sólo unas pocas están familiarizadas con el
concepto, y de éstas, solo tres empresas no sólo conocen sobre compactación
inteligente sino que también la implementan en sus proyectos más recientes, solo
con fines de control de calidad interno.
MATERIAL DENSIDAD MEDIA
TRAMO (Dm)
DENSIDAD INDIVIDUAL
(De cada ensayo)
Suelos Terraplenes/rellenos ≥ 90% Proctor 98% Dm
Subrasante ≥ 95% Proctor
Base
100% Proctor 98% Dm
Sub-base
≥ 95% Proctor 98% Dm
Se permite al menos 1 ensayo con densidad inferior a la Densidad individual, siempre y cuando sea ≥ 90% Proctor
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Según Moreno*,1en Colombia es complicado implementar tecnologías nuevas en
proyectos estatales y más aún, tecnologías que no han sido estandarizadas ni
reglamentadas por las entidades competentes.
Por esta razón, se cree que es en los entes estatales en donde se debe motivar el
cambio, pues son quienes poseen poder de decisión y están involucrados en los
procesos de planeación de los proyectos. Además son ellos quienes aún no actúan
acorde con la necesidad e importancia de construir infraestructura más duradera,
ya que éste no sólo es un problema económico sino también intergeneracional,
social e inclusive político. Los beneficios de implementar la compactación
inteligente han sido identificados y es sabido que son impresionantemente notorios
y muy significativos, no sólo para contratistas sino también para las entidades
estatales.
6.2.1. Costos de implementación
Dado que los compactadores de suelos equipados con la tecnología de
compactación inteligente requieren de instrumentación especial y sistemas de
documentación y posicionamiento global, es evidente que se requiere una
inversión mayor a la que se realiza al adquirir compactadores convencionales.
El costo de la implementación se estimó como parte de este estudio al realizar un
sondeo comercial, en casa distribuidoras y comerciales en general (Hamm Ag,
Bomag y Caterpillar). Se encontró que el precio del equipo nuevo varía de acuerdo
al fabricante, sin embargo, este valor oscila entre los doscientos y doscientos
ochenta millones de pesos colombianos ($ 200.000.000 – $280.000.000 m/cte.), los
* ENTREVISTA con Felipe Moreno, Director de obras de la empresa Mario Huertas Cotes, Bogotá, 29 de septiembre de 2011.
COMPACTACIÓN INTELIGENTE DE SUELOS, BASES Y SUB-BASES EN COLOMBIA
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cuales corresponden, además del valor del equipo, a impuestos de importación,
nacionalización y transporte hasta Colombia. Asimismo, este valor incluye
capacitaciones y entrenamiento a operarios e ingenieros residentes en el manejo de
estos equipos, dependiendo del número de equipos que se adquieren. Vale la pena
resaltar que el precio de los equipos está sujeto al mercado cambiario, debido a que
las casas matrices de la mayoría de fabricantes de compactadores con
compactación inteligente se ubican en Europa y sus transacciones se realizan en
euros.
No obstante, es de destacar que los compactadores ya existentes pueden ser
adaptados con instrumentación y sistemas de documentación que les permitan a
los contratitas llevar a cabo los procesos de compactación inteligente de igual
manera que los que realizan los equipos nuevos dotados con esta tecnología desde
fábrica. Pensando en esto, algunos fabricantes ofrecen dentro de su línea de
productos, un kit básico que permiten equipar las máquinas, siempre y cuando
correspondan al mismo fabricante. El kit incluye el sistema de instrumentación, de
documentación y de posicionamiento global.
El sondeo comercial realizado permitió estimar el valor de estos kits entre € 30.000
y € 35.000, es decir entre ochenta y noventa millones de pesos colombianos ($
80.000.000 - $ 90.000.000 m/cte.) aproximadamente, dependiendo de la TRM del
euro.
6.2.2. Percepción al cambio
Con el fin de indagar y vislumbrar la percepción general acerca de los procesos de
compactación que actualmente se llevan a cabo en nuestro país, se realizó una
sencilla encuesta (Ver Anexo 2. Formato de Encuesta), que permitió identificar las
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nociones sobre compactación inteligente entre ingenieros y operarios de
compactadores.
Las encuestas se realizaron en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., en obras ubicadas entre la
Calle 147 y 170 con Carrera 9, y entre las Carreras 18 y 19 con Calle 6. También, se
realizaron en obras a las afueras de la ciudad, en los municipios de Madrid, La
Vega, Sasmina y San Juan de Rio Seco pertenecientes a la Concesión Vial
Panamericana S.A.S.
Se entrevistaron un total de 15 ingenieros, entre residentes de contratista e
interventoría, y 9 operarios de equipos de compactación con amplia y variada
experiencia en procesos de compactación. La ficha técnica de la encuesta se
muestra en la tabla 7 y en la Figura 33 se esquematiza el perfil de los ingenieros y
operarios encuestados.
Tabla 7. Relación de encuestas.
OBRA CONTRATISTA
NÚMERO DE ENCUESTADOS
INGENIEROS OPERARIOS
Calle 147 y 170 con Carrera 9
MHC 3 1
carreras 18 y 19 con Calle 6
--- 2 2
Madrid
Concesión Vial Panamericana S.A.S
2 1
La Vega 3 2
Sasmina 1 1
San Juan de Rio Seco 2 1
Villeta 2 1
TOTAL 15 9
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Figura 33. Años de experiencia de los encuestados en procesos de compactación
A continuación se presentan los resultados obtenidos al aplicar las encuestas:
A la pregunta si siempre ha empleado la misma técnica de compactación sin
importar el tipo de material o equipo con el que está trabajando (subbases,
bases y carpetas asfálticas), un 100% de los encuestados respondió que no
dado que la técnica de compactación a emplear se define en los tramos de
prueba, de acuerdo al tipo de material a compactar y equipo empleado
(Figura 34).
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Figura 34. Técnicas de compactación
A la pregunta sobre las nociones que tienen sobre la tecnología de
compactación inteligente para subbases, bases y carpetas asfálticas, solo un
pequeño porcentaje (11%- 13%) ha escuchado sobre el concepto porque lo
han aplicado en proyectos en los que han participado, aunque de una
manera muy básica (Figura 35).
Figura 35. Porcentaje de conocedores de compactación inteligente
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Figura 36. Percepción sobre compactación inteligente
Un 100% de los encuestados se mostraron entusiastas ante la idea de aplicar
la tecnología de compactación inteligente en los procesos de compactación a
los proyectos en los que trabajan.
Humberto Arias, quien opera un compactador vibratorio CAT de tambor
sencillo en la obra del tramo Los Alpes – Villeta sector Chuguacal de la
Concesión Vial Panamericana S.A.S. en el Departamento de Cundinamarca,
lleva más de 20 años operando maquinaria de obra y casi 15, operando
compactadores de todo tipo, se mostró muy interesado en conocer sobre
esta tecnología e inclusive preguntó cómo podría acceder a una capacitación
sobre el tema. Sin embargo, también comentó como “todo depende de los
que digan los jefes”. Los contratistas son quienes tienen la última palabra a
la hora de decidir si implementar o no esta tecnología, y éstos a su vez
dependen de las exigencias impuestas y requeridas por las entidades
estatales encargadas de gestionar proyectos viales. Es realmente notable el
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interés despertado en los encuestados al conocer sobre la compactación
inteligente.
A las preguntas, “¿le gustaría a usted implementar esta tecnología y cree
que le proporcionaría beneficios económicos de algún tipo?” Solo una
persona del total de encuestado respondió de manera negativa (Figura 37).
Esta persona opera desde hace 6 meses un compactador vibratorio
INGERSOLL- RAND de tambor sencillo en una obra a las afueras del
Municipio de Sasmina, Cundinamarca. Él opina que dado que esta
tecnología hace que los trabajos de compactación se terminen de una
manera más rápida y eficiente, no le gustaría trabajar con ella porque no es
benéfico para él: “es menos lo que me pagan” mencionó. El funcionario
señaló que su pago depende de las horas que trabaje como operario en el
compactador.
Figura 37. Le gustaría trabajar con esta tecnología?
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En conclusión, se observa un desconocimiento casi generalizado acerca de lo que
es compactación inteligente. Sin embargo, una vez realizada una breve
introducción sobre lo que es y lo que esta implica, se percibe gran entusiasmo y
ansias de cambio para emplear tecnologías nuevas que proporcionen una mejor
calidad a las obras de infraestructura que se realizan en el país.
Los contratistas se muestran interesados en construir infraestructura vial durable y
de calidad. Aun así, son las entidades competentes quienes deben estar atentas a
estas innovaciones, pues son ellos quienes tienen poder de decisión para
determinar especificaciones y requerimientos de los diversos proyectos.
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7. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
Las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones obtenidas durante este trabajo
incluyen:
Se describieron las características y beneficios esenciales que trae consigo la
implementación de la compactación inteligente en los procesos de
compactación de subrasantes, bases y subbases granulares en obras viales
de una manera detallada.
No cabe duda alguna que la adquisición de compactadores equipados con
compactación inteligente representa una inversión elevada comparada a la
de un compactador convencional. No obstante, es un costo justificable por
los innumerables beneficios que proporciona, y que fueron descritos a lo
largo de este trabajo.
La tecnología de compactación inteligente es aún reciente. Sería interesante
realizar tramos de prueba en Colombia que permitan comparar el
desempeño de equipos y la eficiencia del proceso de compactación al
utilizar compactadores convencionales y compactadores equipados con
compactación inteligente, con el objeto de dar a conocer beneficios más
prácticos al emplear materiales locales en dichas demostraciones.
Es importante y recomendable que los contratistas y funcionarios públicos
encargados de ejecutar o administrar proyectos viales estén atentos a
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información innovadora y relevante presentada en eventos venideros, como
el Taller sobre Compactación Inteligente incluido en el marco del Simposio
Internacional sobre Pavimentos Asfálticos y Puentes de Losa Asfáltica, que
realizará la Sociedad Internacional de Pavimentos Asfálticos- ISAP 2012, el
23 de Mayo de 2012 en la ciudad de Nanjing, provincia de Jiansu, China.
Asimismo, el I Taller Nacional sobre Compactación Inteligente (I FHWA
Intelligent Compaction National Workshop) auspiciado por el
Departamento de Transporte de Estados Unidos, que tendrá lugar en el
próximo 13 de diciembre de 2011 en Atlanta, USA. (Ver Anexo 3. Folletos
informativos).
Teniendo en cuenta que la formulación de estándares que rijan la tecnología
de compactación inteligente se encuentra en una etapa de desarrollo, se
debe estar atento también a los avances documentados de su aplicabilidad
en futuros proyectos.
Colombia es un país ávido de cambios en la forma como se construye su
infraestructura vial. La tecnología de compactación inteligente no solo
proporciona mejores calidades en obra que se traducen en estructuras de
pavimentos más durables, sino también otros beneficios que han sido
mencionados en este trabajo y que la convierte en ese cambio tan anhelado.
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INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO URBANO (IDU). (2006). “Especificaciones Técnicas Generales de Materiales y Construcción para Proyectos de Infraestructura Vial y de Espacio Público en Bogotá D.C.: Documento técnico”. Bogotá D.C., 4- 96. KOLYMBAS, D. FELLIN, W. (2000). “Compaction of soils, granulates and powders: Advances in geotechnical engineering and tunneling.” Balkema, Rotterdam, 127. KRÖBER, W., FLOSS, E., WALLRATH, W. (2001). “Dynamic soil stiffness as quality criterion for soil compaction,” Geotechnics for Roads, Rail Tracks and Earth Structures, A.A.Balkema Publishers, Lisse, Abingdon, Exton (PA), Tokyo, 189-199. MOONEY, Michael, RINEHART, Robert., FACAS, Norman., MUSIMBI, Odon., WHITE, David., VENNAPUSA, Pavana. (2010). “Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems: Report 676”. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM. Washington D.C., 32-34. RUTLEDGE, Jennifer. CHANG, George. GALLIVAN, Lee. (2011). “Benefits of Intelligent Compaction to Contractors”. Modern Contractor Solutions. (August), 42- 43. SAKAI. (2011). “CIS – Compaction Information System”. Sakai Heavy Industries, Ltd. <http://www.sakainet.co.jp/english/index.html>, (Octubre 7, 2011). SCHEROCMAN, J., RAKOWSKI, S., y UCHIYAMA, K. (2007). “Intelligent compaction, does it exist?.” Canadian Technical Asphalt Association (CTAA) Conference, Victoria, BC, 1–25. SCHRÖDER, Ralf. (2009) “Compactación en el asfalto y obras de tierra”. WRITGEN GROUP (HAMM AG). Tirschenreuth, Alemania, 22-27. RICO, Alfonso y DEL CASTILLO, Hermilo. (1992). ”Consideraciones Sobre Compactación De Suelos En Obras De Infraestructura De Transporte”. Documento técnico No. 7: INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL TRANSPORTE, Sanfandila, Querétaro, 66-68. TRANSTEC GROUP, INC. (2008). “VEDA Software”. Intelligent Compaction. <http://www.intelligentcompaction.com/index.php?q=node/240>, (Septiembre 9, 2011). TRANSTEC GROUP, INC. (2008). “Benefits of IC”. Intelligent Compaction. <http://www.intelligentcompaction.com/index.php?q=node/6>, (Septiembre 25, 2011). WHITE, David., VENNAPUSA, Pavana., GIESELMAN, Heath., ZHANG, Jiake., EIDEM, Michael. (2010). “Accelerated Implementation of Intelligent Compaction Technology for Embankment Subgrade Soils, Aggregate Base, and Asphalt Pavement Materials: US 12 Marmarth, North Dakota: Final Report ER10-08.” EARTHWORKS ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER. Marmarth, North Dakota, 72- 74.
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WHITE, David., VENNAPUSA, Pavana., GIESELMAN, Heath. (2011). ”Accelerated Implementation Of Intelligent Compaction Technology For Embankment Subgrade Soils, Aggregate Base, And Asphalt Pavement Materials: Sr-25 West Lafayette, Indiana. Final Report”. EARTHWORKS ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER. West Lafayette, Indiana, 47.
ANEXOS
ANEXO 1
ESPECIFICACIONES FHWA PARA COMPACTACIÓN
INTELIGENTE DE SUELOS
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
Intelligent Compaction Technology for Soils Applications
DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of the construction of the roadway fill embankment utilizing
Intelligent Compaction (IC) rollers within the limits of the work as described in the plans. IC is
defined as a process that uses vibratory rollers equipped with a measurement/documentation
system that automatically records various critical compaction parameters correlated to agency
standard testing protocols in real time during the compaction process. IC uses roller vibration
measurements to assess the mechanistic soils properties and to ensure optimum compaction is
achieved through continuous monitoring of the operations. Additional information on the IC
technology may be found on the website www.intelligentcompaction.com and from the
Transportation Research Board - NCHRP Report 676 on Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems.
The Contractor shall supply sufficient numbers of rollers and other associated equipment
necessary to complete the compaction requirements for the specific materials. The Contractor
will determine the number of IC rollers to use depending on the scope of the project. The IC
roller(s) may be utilized during production with other standard compaction equipment and shall
be used for the evaluation of the compaction operations. EQUIPMENT
The IC rollers shall meet the following specific requirements:
1. IC rollers shall be self propelled single-drum vibratory rollers equipped with
accelerometers mounted in or about the drum to measure the interactions between the
rollers and compacted materials in order to evaluate the applied compaction effort.
Rollers may be smooth or pad footed drums.
2. The output from the roller is designated as the Intelligent Compaction Measurement
Value (IC-MV) which represents the stiffness of the materials based on the vibration of
the roller drums and the resulting response from the underlying materials.
3. The IC rollers shall include an integrated on-board documentation system that is capable
of displaying real-time color-coded maps of IC measurement values including the
stiffness response values, location of the roller, number of roller passes, machine settings,
together with the speed, frequency and amplitude of roller drums. The display unit shall
be capable of transferring the data by means of a USB port.
4. Roller mounted GPS radio and receiver units shall be mounted on each IC roller. RTK-
GPS radio and receivers are required to monitor the location and track the number of
passes of the rollers.
1
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS)
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinates system divides the surface of
Earth between 80°S and 84°N latitude into 60 zones, each 6° of longitude in width and centered
over a meridian of longitude. Zone 1 is bounded by longitude 180° to 174° W and is centered
on the 177th West meridian. Zones outside of the Continental United States can be acquired on
the web at www.dmap.co.uk/utmworld.htm. The UTM for this project is Zone (xx) N. (DOT to
fill in the zone number)
Base Station - Ground mounted or virtual GPS base units that record values in northing,
easting, and the elevation data in meters using the UTM coordinate system along with the
longitude/latitude of the measurement values shall be provided. The GPS base station shall
broadcast updated correction data to the GPS receivers on the IC rollers and the hand-held
rovers during operations with a survey tolerance of not greater than 1.6 in. (40 mm) in both the
horizontal (x and y) directions.
Rover - A portable hand-held GPS radio/receiver for in-situ point measurements shall be
provided.
Data Analysis Software - Standardized data analysis software (Veda Alfa Vr.8.0 or
later) is available on the website www.intelligentcompaction.com or will be provided by
xxDOT. The software program will utilize the IC-MV data from the IC roller for analysis of
coverage, uniformity, and stiffness values during construction operations. As a minimum, the
following Essential IC Data Information and IC Data Elements shall be available in either
ASCII or text format for post processing.
Essential IC Data Information:
Item Description
No.
1 Section Title
2
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011
DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
2 Machine Manufacture
3 Machine Type
4 Machine Model
5 Drum Width (m)
6 Drum Diameter (m)
7 Machine Weight (metric ton)
8 Name index of intelligent compaction measurement values (IC-
MV)
9 Unit index for IC-MV
10 Reporting resolution for independent IC-MVs – 90 degrees
to the roller moving direction (mm) 11 Reporting resolution for independent IC-MVs – in the
roller moving direction (mm)
12 UTM Zone 13 Offset to UTC (hrs) 14 Number of IC data points
Essential IC Data Elements:
Item Date Field Name Example of Data
No.
1 Date Stamp (YYYYMMDD) e.g. 20080701
2 Time Stamp (HHMMSS.S -military e.g. 090504.0 (9 hr 5
format) min. 4.0 s.)
3 Longitude (decimal degrees) e.g. 94.85920403
4 Latitude (decimal degrees) e.g. 45.22777335
5 Easting (m) e.g. 354048.3
6 Northing (m) e.g. 5009934.9
7 Height (m) e.g. 339.9450
8 Roller pass number e.g. 2
9 Direction index e.g., 1 forward, 2 reverse
10 Roller speed (kph) e.g. 4.0
11 Vibration on e.g., 1 for yes, 2 for no
12 Frequency (vpm) e.g. 3500.0
13 Amplitude (mm) e.g. 0.6
14 Surface temperature (oC) - HMA e.g. 120
15 Intelligent compaction measurement e.g. 20.0
values
QUALITY CONTROL PLAN
The Contractor shall prepare and submit a written Quality Control Plan (QCP) for the
project. As a minimum, the QCP shall contain the following information:
3
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
General Requirements.
1. QCP shall be contract specific, stating how the contractor proposes to control the
materials, equipment, and construction operations including subcontractors and
suppliers as well as production facilities and transportation modes to the project
for the embankment operations.
2. The QCP shall include an organizational chart showing all quality control
personnel and how these personnel integrate with other management/production
and construction functions and personnel.
3. The QCP shall be signed and dated by the Contractor’s representative at the time
the QCP is submitted to the Engineer. The QCP shall be submitted no later than
15 days prior to commencing the embankment operations.
4. The xxDOT will review, sign, and date the QCP if the contents of the QCP are in
compliance with the requirements as stated herein.
5. The QCP shall be maintained to reflect the current status of the operations,
and revisions shall be provided in writing prior to initiating the change. The
QCP revision shall not be implemented until the revision has been accepted.
6. The QCP shall contain the name, telephone number, duties, and employer of
all quality control personnel necessary to implement the QCP. The minimum
qualifications of quality control personnel shall be as follows:
a. QCP Field Manager or Plan Administrator. The person responsible for the
execution of the QCP and liaison with the Engineer. Additionally the QCP
Field Manager requirements include:
1. Full-time employee of the Contractor or an independent consultant not
involved with the Quality Assurance (acceptance) activities on the
project.
2. Minimum (x) years experience (as determined by the DOT) in quality
control activities in construction operations
3. Full authority to institute actions necessary for successful
implementation of the QCP.
b. Quality Control Technician (QCT). The person(s) responsible for
conducting quality control and inspection activities to implement the
QCP. There may be more than one QCT on a project.
4
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
1. Full-time employee of the Contractor or an independent consultant
with a minimum (x) years experience (as determined by the DOT) in
quality control activities in construction operations.
2. Completed the xxDOT requirements for the applicable testing.
3. Full authority to institute actions necessary for successful
implementation of the QCP.
c. IC Roller Operator. The person responsible for operating the IC roller and
attached IC equipment. Sufficient training for the roller operator shall be
supplied by a representative of the manufacturer of the equipment.
7. IC Equipment. The Roller supplier, make, roller model, number of IC rollers to
be provided, and the GPS system supplier to be utilized.
8. Embankment operations shall not begin before the QCP has been accepted.
9. The Engineer may require the replacement of ineffective or unqualified
equipment or Quality Control personnel. Construction operations may be
required to stop until Quality Control corrective actions are taken.
References. (to be modified/expanded as applicable by the DOT)
1. AASHTO Standards.
AASHTO T 99 Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg
(5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop
AASHTO T 272 Family of Curves – One-Point Method
2. ASTM Standards.
ASTM D 2583 Measuring Deflections with a Light Weight
Deflectometer (LWD)
ASTM D 6951 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Shallow Pavement
Applications (17.6-lb (8-kg) hammer)
3. xxDOT Standards.
xxx Field Determination of Moisture Content of Soils
xxx Field Determination of Deflection Using Light
Weight Deflectometer
5
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
Quality Control Technician. The QCT shall be responsible for the following minimum
functions:
1. GPS check testing for the IC roller(s) and rover(s).
2. Test section construction and establishing target values for the maximum dry
density, optimum moisture content, production moisture content, strength of the
materials using the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), light weight deflectometer
(LWD), nuclear gauge, and the IC-roller(s).
3. Monitoring of the construction operations and the IC roller(s) during production
and final proofing operations.
4. Quality control testing for the maximum dry density and moisture content.
5. Downloading and analysis of the IC-data from the roller(s).
6. Daily set-up, take down and secure storage of GPS and IC roller components
Testing Facility. The location of the testing facility and a list of test equipment shall be
included. The testing facility shall be sufficient size to conduct the Quality Control tests, and a
satisfactory base on which compaction of the soil can be achieved in accordance with AASHTO
T 99 Method A (or as otherwise defined by the DOT) shall be provided. A statement of
accessibility of the testing facility shall be included that allows xxDOT personnel to witness
Quality Control activities and to review Quality Control tests.
A list of the testing equipment proposed for Quality Control testing and the test methods
and frequency of calibration or verification of the equipment shall be included. The Contractor
shall maintain a record of all equipment calibration or verification results at the testing facility.
The minimum frequency and procedures shall be as follows:
Equipment Requirement Minimum Frequency Procedure*
Balances Verification 12 months xxx
Sieves Check Physical Condition 12 months xxx
Etc.* * *
*to be filled in by the DOT
Materials Sampling and Testing. The procedures for sampling and testing of the soil
embankment and the frequency of tests shall be identified and include as a minimum the
following: (details to be modified/expanded as applicable by the DOT)
1. Moisture. The procedure for measuring the moisture content of the soil during
production compaction. The minimum frequency of tests per lift of material shall
be one test for each construction area.
6
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
2. Strength. The procedure for measuring the in-place strength of the soil. The
minimum frequency of tests shall be a minimum of one test for each
construction area.
3. Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content. The procedure for
measuring the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of the soil for
the test sections and when there is a change in the soil type.
4. IC Roller Data. The procedure for obtaining the IC roller data. The frequency of
obtaining the data shall be a minimum of two times each day of soil compaction.
The data is date/time stamped which permits for external evaluation at a later
time.
GPS Check Testing. Prior to the start of production, the Contractor, GPS representative
and IC roller manufacturer shall conduct the following to check the proper setup of the GPS, IC
roller(s) and the rover(s) using the same datum:
1. On a location nearby or within the project limits, the GPS base station shall
be established and the IC roller and the GPS rover tied into the base station.
2. Verification that the roller and rover are working properly and that there is
a connection with the base station.
3. The coordinates of the roller from the on-board, color-coded display shall be
recorded.
4. The receiver from the rover shall be removed and placed on top of the
roller receiver and the coordinates shown on the rover display recorded.
5. The roller and rover coordinates shall be compared. If the coordinates calculate
as being within 1.6 in. (40 mm), the comparison is acceptable. If the coordinates
are not within 1.6 in. (40 mm), corrections shall be made as needed and the above
steps repeated until verification is acceptable. Work shall not begin until proper
verification has been obtained.
6. The project plan file provided by xxDOT shall be uploaded into the IC Data
analysis software and depending on the roller manufacture, the on-board IC
computer.
7. GPS check testing shall be conducted daily during production operations.
Test Sections. Test section evaluations are intended to determine the number of passes it
takes to achieve compaction at the optimum moisture content for the materials. Test sections
shall be approximately 225 ft (75 m) long and 24 ft (8 m) wide. The IC roller shall be utilized on
the test sections to establish the target IC-MV as correlated to the xxDOT standard testing
7
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications devices. GPS measurements for all testing devices will be obtained with the rover for correlation
to the IC-MV. (test section details to be modified/expanded as applicable by the DOT)
The evaluations shall be conducted for the various material types, on every lift where
there is a change of materials. The rollers shall use the same settings (speed, frequency)
throughout the section while minimizing overlapping of the roller. After each roller pass, a
nondestructive density device shall be used to estimate the density or stiffness of the material at
10 locations uniformly spaced throughout the test section within the width of a single roller
pass. The readings and the number of roller passes will be recorded. The estimated target density
will be the peak of the average of the nondestructive readings. Linear regression relationships
between the in-place density data and the number of passes will be used to determine if process
meets the xxDOT in-place compaction requirements.
The target IC-MV is the point when the increase in the IC-MV of the material between
passes is less than 5 percent on the compaction curve. The IC compaction curve is defined as the
relationship between the IC-MV and the roller passes. A compaction curve example is as
follows:
Target ICMV
ICMV<5%
Optimal pass
Once the target IC-MV is determined, compact an adjoining section using same roller
settings and the estimated roller passes to verify the compaction with the same nondestructive
devices after the final roller pass. Straight line best fit linear regression relationships between the
density testing and IC-MV data will be used to establish the production target IC-MV that meets
the xxDOT in-place compaction requirements. A linear regression curve example is as follows.
Target ICMV
ICM
V
Target % Gmm
% Gmm
8
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
Mapping . Pre-construction mapping/proofing of the initial layer of the fill is
recommended to identify weak areas that may need to be addressed in advance of the production
fill operations. Subsequent mapping may be conducted at anytime to recognize the changes in
the fill that affects the target IC-MV or the density verification testing. At a minimum,
production mapping is recommended at the final surface of the fill and the elevation levels at 1.0
ft., 2.0 ft, 4.0 ft, and 8.0 ft below the final surface as applicable. The stiffness of the underlying
materials should increase with subsequent lifts of soils. The Contractors procedures for mapping
shall be included.
Soil Management. The procedures for management of the borrow pit and soil cut
sections to assure uniform soil material shall be included. The procedures for the necessary
adjustments in compaction because of a change in soil type shall be stated.
Response to Test Results. The response to quality control tests for the test sections and
during production compaction shall include as a minimum the following:
1. Moisture. The procedure for corrective action when the QC moisture tests are not
within -3 and +2 percentage points of the optimum moisture content.
2. Strength. The procedure for corrective action when tests do not meet the xxDOT
requirements for each soil type.
3. Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content. The procedure for
corrective action when the maximum dry density and optimum moisture
content test results indicate that there is a change in the soil type.
4. IC Coverage Area and Uniformity Criteria. The procedures for re-working the
construction area when IC criteria for coverage area or the minimum IC-MV are
not met.
Documentation. The documentation shall include the following:
1. Quality Control Tests. The results from the moisture, strength, and maximum dry
density and optimum moisture content tests. All quality control test results shall
be signed by the QCT and submitted to the Engineer within 24 h of testing.
2. Equipment. Documentation of the manufacture, model, and type of rollers used each
day of soil compaction and the IC roller used for mapping the compaction of the soil.
The positioning of the IC roller(s) in the paving operations shall be noted.
3. IC-MV Analysis. The Contractors will analyze the IC-MV data for conformance
to the requirements for coverage area and uniformity and will submit the results to
the Engineer at the completion of the individual IC Construction Area operations.
9
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
IC data will be saved as Time History Data and Post- Processed Data. Post-
Processed Data will be imported using the all-passes and proofing-data formats.
All passes data includes the data from all of the passes and proofing data is the
data from just the last pass within a given area.
IC CONSTRUCTION
Technical Assistance. The Contractor shall coordinate for on-site technical assistance
from the IC roller representative during the initial seven (7) days of production and then as
needed during the remaining operations. As a minimum, the roller representative shall be
present during the initial setup and verification testing of the IC roller(s). The roller
representative shall also assist the Contractor with data management using the data analysis
software including IC data input and processing.
Construction Areas. IC Construction areas are defined as subsections of the project being worked continuously by the Contractor. The magnitude of the evaluation areas may vary
with production but they need to be at least 25,000 ft2 for evaluation. Partial construction areas
of 5000 ft 2 or less will be included in the previous area evaluation. Partial construction areas of
greater than 5000 ft2 will constitute a full area to close out the mixture. Construction areas may
extend over multiple days depending on the operations.
IC Construction Operations Criteria. A minimum coverage of 90% of the individual
construction area shall meet the optimal number of roller passes and 70% of the target IC-MV
determined from the test sections. Construction areas not meeting the IC criteria shall be
reworked and re-evaluated prior to continuing with the operations in that area. The IC
Construction Operations Criteria does not affect the standard xxDOT acceptance processes for
the materials or construction operations. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
This item will not be measured as it will be paid as a lump sum for providing for the
Intelligent Compaction for Soils on the project. BASIS OF PAYMENT
The incorporating of the Intelligent Compaction process will be paid at the contract
lump sum price for Intelligent Compaction for Soils.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Unit
Intelligent Compaction for Soils........................................................ LS
10
Generic - IC Specifications for Soils June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
This item includes all costs related to providing the IC roller including the fuel, roller
operator, GPS system, or any other equipment required for the IC process. All quality control
procedures including IC rollers and GPS systems representatives support and testing facility shall
be included in the contract lump sum price.
11
Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
Intelligent Compaction Technology for Aggregate Base Applications
DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of the construction of the aggregate base materials utilizing
Intelligent Compaction (IC) rollers within the limits of the work as described in the plans. IC is
defined as a process that uses vibratory rollers equipped with a measurement/documentation
system that automatically records various critical compaction parameters correlated to agency
standard testing protocols in real time during the compaction process. IC uses roller vibration
measurements to assess the mechanistic properties and to ensure optimum compaction is
achieved through continuous monitoring of the operations. Additional information on the IC
technology may be found on the website www.intelligentcompaction.com and from the
Transportation Research Board - NCHRP Report 676 on Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems.
The Contractor shall supply sufficient numbers of rollers and other associated equipment
necessary to complete the spreading and compaction requirements for the aggregate materials.
The Contractor will determine the number of IC rollers to use depending on the scope of the
project. The IC roller(s) may be utilized during production with other standard compaction
equipment and shall be used for the evaluation of the compaction operations. EQUIPMENT
The IC rollers shall meet the following specific requirements:
5. IC rollers shall be self propelled single-drum vibratory rollers equipped with
accelerometers mounted in or about the drum to measure the interactions between the
rollers and compacted materials in order to evaluate the applied compaction effort.
Rollers shall have smooth drums.
6. The output from the roller is designated as the Intelligent Compaction Measurement
Value (IC-MV) which represents the stiffness of the materials based on the vibration of
the roller drums and the resulting response from the underlying materials.
7. The IC rollers shall include an integrated on-board documentation system that is capable
of displaying real-time color-coded maps of IC measurement values including the
stiffness response values, location of the roller, number of roller passes, machine settings,
together with the speed, frequency and amplitude of roller drums. The display unit shall
be capable of transferring the data by means of a USB port.
8. Roller mounted GPS radio and receiver units shall be mounted on each IC roller. RTK-
GPS radio and receivers are required to monitor the location and track the number of
passes of the rollers.
1
Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS)
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinates system divides the surface of
Earth between 80°S and 84°N latitude into 60 zones, each 6° of longitude in width and centered
over a meridian of longitude. Zone 1 is bounded by longitude 180° to 174° W and is centered
on the 177th West meridian. Zones outside of the Continental United States can be acquired on
the web at www.dmap.co.uk/utmworld.htm. The UTM for this project is Zone (xx) N. (DOT to
fill in the zone number)
Base Station - Ground mounted or virtual GPS base units that record values in northing,
easting, and the elevation data in meters using the UTM coordinate system along with the
longitude/latitude of the measurement values shall be provided. The GPS base station shall
broadcast updated correction data to the GPS receivers on the IC rollers and the hand-held
rovers during operations with a survey tolerance of not greater than 1.6 in. (40 mm) in both the
horizontal (x and y) directions.
Rover - A portable hand-held GPS radio/receiver for in-situ point measurements shall be
provided.
Data Analysis Software - Standardized data analysis software (Veda Alfa Vr.8.0 or
later) is available on the website www.intelligentcompaction.com or will be provided by
xxDOT. The software program will utilize the IC-MV data from the IC roller for analysis of
coverage, uniformity, and stiffness values during construction operations. As a minimum, the
following Essential IC Data Information and IC Data Elements shall be available in either
ASCII or text format for post processing.
Essential IC Data Information:
Item Description
No.
1 Section Title
2
Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011
DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
2 Machine Manufacture
3 Machine Type
4 Machine Model
5 Drum Width (m)
6 Drum Diameter (m)
7 Machine Weight (metric ton)
8 Name index of intelligent compaction measurement values (IC-
MV)
9 Unit index for IC-MV
10 Reporting resolution for independent IC-MVs – 90 degrees
to the roller moving direction (mm) 11 Reporting resolution for independent IC-MVs – in the
roller moving direction (mm)
12 UTM Zone 13 Offset to UTC (hrs) 14 Number of IC data points
Essential IC Data Elements:
Item Date Field Name Example of Data
No.
1 Date Stamp (YYYYMMDD) e.g. 20080701
2 Time Stamp (HHMMSS.S -military e.g. 090504.0 (9 hr 5
format) min. 4.0 s.)
3 Longitude (decimal degrees) e.g. 94.85920403
4 Latitude (decimal degrees) e.g. 45.22777335
5 Easting (m) e.g. 354048.3
6 Northing (m) e.g. 5009934.9
7 Height (m) e.g. 339.9450
8 Roller pass number e.g. 2
9 Direction index e.g., 1 forward, 2 reverse
10 Roller speed (kph) e.g. 4.0
11 Vibration on e.g., 1 for yes, 2 for no
12 Frequency (vpm) e.g. 3500.0
13 Amplitude (mm) e.g. 0.6
14 Surface temperature (oC) - HMA e.g. 120
15 Intelligent compaction measurement e.g. 20.0
values
QUALITY CONTROL PLAN
The Contractor shall prepare and submit a written Quality Control Plan (QCP) for the
project. As a minimum, the QCP shall contain the following information:
3
Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
General Requirements.
7. QCP shall be contract specific, stating how the contractor proposes to control the
materials, equipment, and construction operations including subcontractors and
suppliers as well as production facilities and transportation modes to the project
for the embankment operations.
8. The QCP shall include an organizational chart showing all quality control
personnel and how these personnel integrate with other management/production
and construction functions and personnel.
9. The QCP shall be signed and dated by the Contractor’s representative at the time
the QCP is submitted to the Engineer. The QCP shall be submitted no later than
15 days prior to commencing the embankment operations.
10. The xxDOT will review, sign, and date the QCP if the contents of the QCP are in
compliance with the requirements as stated herein.
11. The QCP shall be maintained to reflect the current status of the operations,
and revisions shall be provided in writing prior to initiating the change. The
QCP revision shall not be implemented until the revision has been accepted.
12. The QCP shall contain the name, telephone number, duties, and employer of
all quality control personnel necessary to implement the QCP. The minimum
qualifications of quality control personnel shall be as follows:
a. QCP Field Manager or Plan Administrator. The person responsible for the
execution of the QCP and liaison with the Engineer. Additionally the QCP
Field Manager requirements include:
1. Full-time employee of the Contractor or an independent consultant not
involved with the Quality Assurance (acceptance) activities on the
project.
2. Minimum (x) years experience (as determined by the DOT) in quality
control activities in construction operations
3. Full authority to institute actions necessary for successful
implementation of the QCP.
b. Quality Control Technician (QCT). The person(s) responsible for
conducting quality control and inspection activities to implement the
QCP. There may be more than one QCT on a project.
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Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
4. Full-time employee of the Contractor or an independent consultant
with a minimum (x) years experience (as determined by the DOT) in
quality control activities in construction operations.
5. Completed the xxDOT requirements for the applicable testing.
6. Full authority to institute actions necessary for successful
implementation of the QCP.
d. IC Roller Operator. The person responsible for operating the IC roller and
attached IC equipment. Sufficient training for the roller operator shall be
supplied by a representative of the manufacturer of the equipment.
10. IC Equipment. The Roller supplier, make, roller model, number of IC rollers to
be provided, and the GPS system supplier to be utilized.
11. Material placement and compaction operations shall not begin before the QCP has
been accepted.
12. The Engineer may require the replacement of ineffective or unqualified
equipment or Quality Control personnel. Construction operations may be
required to stop until Quality Control corrective actions are taken.
References. (to be modified/expanded as applicable by the DOT)
1. AASHTO Standards.
AASHTO T 99 Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg
(5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop
AASHTO T 272 Family of Curves – One-Point Method
2. ASTM Standards.
3. xxDOT Standards.
Quality Control Technician. The QCT shall be responsible for the following minimum
functions:
7. GPS check testing for the IC roller(s) and rover(s).
8. Test section construction and establishing target values for the maximum dry
density, optimum moisture content, production moisture content, strength of the
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Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
materials using the light weight deflectometer (LWD), nuclear gauge, and the IC-
roller(s).
3. Monitoring of the construction operations and the IC roller(s) during production
and final proofing operations.
4. Quality control testing for the maximum dry density and moisture content.
5. Downloading and analysis of the IC-data from the roller(s).
6. Daily set-up, take down and secure storage of GPS and IC roller components
Testing Facility. The location of the testing facility and a list of test equipment shall be
included. The testing facility shall be sufficient size to conduct the Quality Control tests, and a
satisfactory base on which compaction of the aggregates can be achieved in accordance with
AASHTO T 99 Method A (or as otherwise defined by the DOT) shall be provided. A statement
of accessibility of the testing facility shall be included that allows xxDOT personnel to witness
Quality Control activities and to review Quality Control tests.
A list of the testing equipment proposed for Quality Control testing and the test methods
and frequency of calibration or verification of the equipment shall be included. The Contractor
shall maintain a record of all equipment calibration or verification results at the testing facility.
The minimum frequency and procedures shall be as follows:
Equipment Requirement Minimum Frequency Procedure*
Balances Verification 12 months xxx
Sieves Check Physical Condition 12 months xxx
Etc.* * *
*to be filled in by the DOT
Materials Sampling and Testing. The procedures for sampling and testing of the
aggregates and the frequency of tests shall be identified and include as a minimum the following: (details to be modified/expanded as applicable by the DOT)
1. Moisture. The procedure for measuring the moisture content of the aggregates
during production compaction. The minimum frequency of tests per lift of
material shall be one test for each construction area.
2. Strength. The procedure for measuring the in-place strength of the aggregates.
The minimum frequency of tests shall be a minimum of one test for each
construction area.
3. Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content. The procedure for
measuring the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of the
aggregates in the test sections.
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Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
4. IC Roller Data. The procedure for obtaining the IC roller data. The frequency of
obtaining the data shall be a minimum of two times each day of aggregate base
production. The data is date/time stamped which permits for external evaluation at
a later time.
GPS Check Testing. Prior to the start of production, the Contractor, GPS representative
and IC roller manufacturer shall conduct the following to check the proper setup of the GPS, IC
roller(s) and the rover(s) using the same datum:
5. On a location nearby or within the project limits, the GPS base station shall
be established and the IC roller and the GPS rover tied into the base station.
6. Verification that the roller and rover are working properly and that there is
a connection with the base station.
7. The coordinates of the roller from the on-board, color-coded display shall be
recorded.
8. The receiver from the rover shall be removed and placed on top of the
roller receiver and the coordinates shown on the rover display recorded.
9. The roller and rover coordinates shall be compared. If the coordinates calculate
as being within 1.6 in. (40 mm), the comparison is acceptable. If the coordinates
are not within 1.6 in. (40 mm), corrections shall be made as needed and the above
steps repeated until verification is acceptable. Work shall not begin until proper
verification has been obtained.
10. The project plan file provided by xxDOT shall be uploaded into the IC Data
analysis software and depending on the roller manufacture, the on-board IC
computer.
11. GPS check testing shall be conducted daily during production operations.
Test Sections. Test section evaluations are intended to determine the number of passes it
takes to achieve compaction at the optimum moisture content for the materials. Test sections
shall be approximately 225 ft (75 m) long and 24 ft (8 m) wide. The IC roller shall be utilized on
the test sections to establish the target IC-MV as correlated to the xxDOT standard testing
devices. GPS measurements for all testing devices will be obtained with the rover for correlation
to the IC-MV. (test section details to be modified/expanded as applicable by the DOT)
The rollers shall use the same settings (speed, frequency) throughout the section while
minimizing overlapping of the roller. After each roller pass, a nondestructive density device
shall be used to estimate the density or stiffness of the material at 10 locations uniformly spaced
throughout the test section within the width of a single roller pass. The readings and the number
of roller passes will be recorded. The estimated target density will be the peak of the average of
the nondestructive readings. Linear regression relationships between the in-place density data
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Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications and the number of passes will be used to determine if process meets the xxDOT in-place
compaction requirements.
The target IC-MV is the point when the increase in the IC-MV of the material between
passes is less than 5 percent on the compaction curve. The IC compaction curve is defined as the
relationship between the IC-MV and the roller passes. A compaction curve example is as
follows:
Target ICMV
ICMV<5%
Optimal pass
Once the target IC-MV is determined, compact an adjoining section using same roller
settings and the estimated roller passes to verify the compaction with the same nondestructive
devices after the final roller pass. Straight line best fit linear regression relationships between the
density testing and IC-MV data will be used to establish the production target IC-MV that meets
the xxDOT in-place compaction requirements. A linear regression curve example is as follows.
Target ICMV
ICM
V
Target % Gmm
% Gmm
Mapping. Mapping/proofing of the final layer of the subgrade is recommended to identify
weak areas that may need to be addressed in advance of the aggregate placement and compaction
operations. The stiffness of the underlying materials should increase with subsequent lifts of
aggregate materials. The Contractors procedures for mapping shall be included.
Response to Test Results. The response to quality control tests for the test sections and
during production compaction shall include as a minimum the following:
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Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
4. Moisture. The procedure for corrective action when the QC moisture tests are not
within -3 and +2 percentage points of the optimum moisture content.
5. Strength. The procedure for corrective action when tests do not meet the xxDOT
requirements for aggregate bases.
6. Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content. The procedure for
corrective action when the maximum dry density and optimum moisture
content test results indicate that there is a change in the aggregate source.
7. IC Coverage Area and Uniformity Criteria. The procedures for re-working the
construction area when IC criteria for coverage area or the minimum IC-MV are
not met.
Documentation. The documentation shall include the following:
1. Quality Control Tests. The results from the moisture, strength, and maximum dry
density and optimum moisture content tests. All quality control test results shall
be signed by the QCT and submitted to the Engineer within 24 h of testing.
2. Equipment. Documentation of the manufacture, model, and type of rollers used
each day of aggregate compaction and the IC roller used for mapping the
compaction of the aggregate. The positioning of the IC roller(s) in the
operations shall be noted.
3. IC-MV Analysis. The Contractors will analyze the IC-MV data for conformance
to the requirements for coverage area and uniformity and will submit the results to
the Engineer at the completion of the individual IC Construction Area operations.
IC data will be saved as Time History Data and Post-Processed Data. Post-
Processed Data will be imported using the all-passes and proofing-data formats.
All passes data includes the data from all of the passes and proofing data is the
data from just the last pass within a given area.
IC CONSTRUCTION
Technical Assistance. The Contractor shall coordinate for on-site technical assistance
from the IC roller representative during the initial seven (7) days of production and then as
needed during the remaining operations. As a minimum, the roller representative shall be
present during the initial setup and verification testing of the IC roller(s). The roller
representative shall also assist the Contractor with data management using the data analysis
software including IC data input and processing.
Construction Areas. IC Construction areas are defined as subsections of the project
being worked continuously by the Contractor. The magnitude of the evaluation areas may vary
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Generic - IC Specifications for Aggregate Bases June 2011 DOT to modify as applicable to meet State Specifications
with production but they need to be at least 25,000 ft2 for evaluation. Partial construction areas
of 5000 ft 2 or less will be included in the previous area evaluation. Partial construction areas of
greater than 5000 ft2 will constitute a full area to close out the material. Construction areas may
extend over multiple days depending on the operations.
IC Construction Operations Criteria. A minimum coverage of 90% of the individual
construction area shall meet the optimal number of roller passes and 70% of the target IC-MV
determined from the test sections. Construction areas not meeting the IC criteria shall be
reworked and re-evaluated prior to continuing with the operations in that area. The IC
Construction Operations Criteria does not affect the standard xxDOT acceptance processes for
the materials or construction operations. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
This item will not be measured as it will be paid as a lump sum for providing for the
Intelligent Compaction for Aggregates on the project. BASIS OF PAYMENT
The incorporating of the Intelligent Compaction process will be paid at the contract
lump sum price for Intelligent Compaction for Aggregates.
Payment will be made under:
Pay Item Unit
Intelligent Compaction for Aggregates.............................................. LS
This item includes all costs related to providing the IC roller including the fuel, roller
operator, GPS system, or any other equipment required for the IC process. All quality control
procedures including IC rollers and GPS systems representatives support and testing facility shall
be included in the contract lump sum price.
10
ANEXO 2
FORMATO DE ENCUESTA
UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y AMBIENTAL
MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA CIVIL
Sondeo de percepción: Compactación -Operarios
1. Cuanto tiempo lleva como operario de maquinaria de compactación? ____________
2. Emplea usted la misma técnica de compactación sin importar el tipo de material sobre el que está
trabajando (subbases, bases y carpetas asfálticas)?
Sí No
Explique:
3. Emplea usted la misma técnica de compactación sin importar la clase de equipo de compactación
con el que esté trabajando?
Sí No
Explique:
4. Conoce sobre la tecnología de compactación inteligente para subbases, bases y carpetas asfálticas?
Sí No
5. Le gustaría contar con la tecnología de CI en Colombia?
Sí No
6. Estaría dispuesto a recibir capacitación que le permita poder trabajar con esta tecnología?
Sí No
7. Considera necesaria, la implementación de esta tecnología en nuestro país?
Sí No
8. Cree usted que la implementación de esta tecnología le proporcionaría beneficios económicos?
Sí No
UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y AMBIENTAL
MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA CIVIL
Sondeo de percepción: Compactación –Residentes/Directores
1. Años de experiencia en proyectos que requirieron compactación? ____________
2. Para la compactación, siempre ha empleado la misma técnica sin importar el tipo de material
sobre el que está trabajando (subbases, bases y carpetas asfálticas)?
Sí No
Explique:
3. Para la compactación, siempre ha empleado la misma técnica sin importar la clase de equipo de
compactación con el que esté trabajando?
Sí No
Explique:
4. Conoce sobre la tecnología de compactación inteligente para subbases, bases y carpetas asfálticas?
Sí No
5. Le gustaría contar con la tecnología de CI en Colombia?
Sí No
6. Estaría dispuesto a recibir capacitación que le permita poder trabajar con esta tecnología?
Sí No
7. Considera necesaria, la implementación de esta tecnología en nuestro país?
Sí No
Explique:
8. Cree usted que la implementación de esta tecnología le proporcionaría beneficios económicos?
Sí No
ANEXO 3
FOLLETOS INFORMATIVOS
Intelligent Compaction Workshop Hosted by ISAP 2012
Supported by US FHWA
May 23, 2012, Nanjing, China Background Intelligent compaction (IC), also known as Continuous Compaction Control (CCC), is an evolving
technology to maximize the compaction effort using vibratory rollers that equipped with roller-integrated
measurements, global positioning system, onboard report system, and, optionally, auto-feedbacks. The
IC technologies are proven and demonstrate immediate benefits to agencies and contractors alike. For
heavy duty asphalt pavements, IC can be used to provide adequate compaction in order to optimize
asphalt densities for supporting heavy loading. This workshop will guide the attendees along the shortest
path to IC implementation by overcoming gaps and barriers through streamlined strategies. Purposes
Familiar attendees with fundamentals of intelligent compaction Demonstrate real world applications of IC Demonstrate latest IC machines and systems
Demonstrate the shortest route to successful IC implementation.
Presenters Mr. Lee Gallivan, US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Dr. George Chang, P.E., Transtec Group, USA Representatives from Ammann, Bomag, Caterpillar, Dynapac, Wirtgen/HAMM, Sakai,
Trimble, and TopCon Agenda
Sessions Topics Presenter Length (min.)
1 Introduction and Overview Lee/Chang 10
2 Fundamentals of Intelligent Compaction Chang 40
3 IC Data Management Chang 30
break 10
4 IC Systems from Vendors (I) Vendors 90
Lunch break 60
5 IC Systems from Vendors (II) Vendors 80
break 10
6 Open Panel Discussion on Vendors’ IC System Vendors 60
7 Standardization of IC Lee 30
8 IC Machine Demonstration Vendors 60
Total 480
Contact Info Workshop content: Dr. George Chang., PE, Transtec Group, 6111 Balcones Drive, Austin TX 78731,
USA, (512) 451-6233, [email protected], www.IntelligentCompaction.com Sponsorship/Exhibition: Dr.Chunying Wu, Principal Engineer, Jiangsu Transportation Research
01:30 pm 7A – Panel Discussion on QC/QA HMA 7B – Panel Discussion on QC/QA 30 IC (Bob) for Soils/Subbase IC (Rebecca)
02:30 pm break 15 02:45 pm 8 - Demonstration of Veda - IC Data Management Program (Jennifer) 45 03:30 pm 9 - Panel Discussion (DOT’s) on IC Implementation and Barriers-to-Overcome 45