comp 10.1 - intro to computers

8/8/2019 comp 10.1 - intro to computers

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Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 1Free Powerpoint Templates

COMPUTERS

by Rozaldy A. Gutierrez


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Page 3

What you will learn

Overview Elements Hardware Components Software Data and Information Booting Peopleware


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Page 4

Overview

What is a computer?


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Page 5

Overview

What is a computer?

A computer is an electronic device, operatingunder the control of instructions (software) storedin its own memory unit, that can accept data(input), manipulate data (process), and produceinformation (output) from the processing.Generally, the term is used to describe a collection

of devices that function together as a system.


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Overview

Devices that comprise a computer system.

Printer

(output)

Monitor

(output)Speaker

(output)

Scanner

(input)

Mouse

(input)Keyboard

(input)

System unit

(processor, memory)

Storage devices

(CD-RW, Floppy,

Hard disk, zip,

)


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Overview

What does a computer do?


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Overview

What does a computer do?

Computers can perform four general operations,which comprise the information processing cycle.

Input Process Output

Memory


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Overview

Why is a computer so powerful?


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Overview

Why is a computer so powerful?

The ability to perform the information processingcycle with amazing speed. Reliability (low failure rate). Accuracy. Ability to store huge amounts of data andinformation.

Ability to communicate with other computers.


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Overview

How does a computer know what to do?


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Overview

How does a computer know what to do?

It must be given a detailed list of instructions,called a computer program or software, that tellsit exactly what to do. Before processing a specific job, the computerprogram corresponding to that job must be storedin memory.

Once the program is stored in memory thecompute can start the operation by executing theprogram instructions one after the other.


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Elements

What are the elements of a computer system?


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Elements

What are the elements of a computer system?

Hardware Software Peopleware


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Hardware

The physical element of the computer system.


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Components

What are the Primary Components of a computer?

Input devices. Central Processing Unit (containing the controlunit and the arithmetic/logic unit). Memory. Output devices. Storage devices.


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Components

Input Devices Keyboard Mouse


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Components

The KeyboardThe most commonly used input device is thekeyboard on which data is entered by manuallykeying in or typing certain keys. A keyboardtypically has 101 or 105 keys.


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Components

The MouseIs a pointing device which is used to control themovement of a mouse pointer on the screen tomake selections from the screen. A mouse has oneto five buttons. The bottom of the mouse is flatand contains a mechanism that detects movementof the mouse.


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Components

The Central Processing UnitThe central processing unit (CPU) containselectronic circuits that cause processing to occur.The CPU interprets instructions to the computer,performs the logical and arithmetic processingoperations, and causes the input and outputoperations to occur. It is considered the brain ofthe computer.


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Components

MemoryMemory also called Random Access Memory orRAM (temporary memory) is the main memory ofthe computer. It consists of electroniccomponents that store data including numbers,letters of the alphabet, graphics and sound. Anyinformation stored in RAM is lost when thecomputer is turned off.

Read Only Memory or ROM is memory that isetched on a chip that has start-up directions foryour computer. It is permanent memory.


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Components

Amount of RAM in computersThe amount of memory in computers is typicallymeasured in kilobytes or megabytes. One kilobyte(K or KB) equals approximately 1,000 memorylocations and one megabyte (M or MB) equalsapproximately one million locations A memorylocation, or byte, usually stores one character.Therefore, a computer with 8 MB of memory can

store approximately 8 million characters. Onemegabyte can hold approximately 500 pages oftext information.


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Components

Output DevicesOutput devices make the information resultingfrom the processing available for use. The twooutput devices more commonly used are theprinter and the computer screen.

The printer produces a hard copy of your output,and the computer screen produces a soft copy of

your output.


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Components

Storage DevicesAuxiliary storage devices are used to store datawhen they are not being used in memory. Themost common types of auxiliary storage used onpersonal computers are floppy disks, hard disksand CD-ROM drives.


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Components

Floppy DisksA floppy disk is a portable, inexpensive storagemedium that consists of a thin, circular, flexibleplastic disk with a magnetic coating enclosed in asquare-shaped plastic shell.


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Components

Structure of Floppy Disks Initially Floppy disks were 8-inches wide, they thenshrank to 5.25 inches, and today the most widely used

folly disks are 3.5 inches wide and can typically store1.44 megabytes of data. A folly disk is a magnetic disk, which means that itused magnetic patterns to store data. Data in floppy disks can be read from and written to. Formatting is the process of preparing a disk for

reading and writing. A track is a narrow recording band that forms a fullcircle on the surface of the disk.


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Components

Structure of Floppy Disks The disks storage locations are divided into pie-shaped sections called sectors. A sectors is capable of holding 512 bytes of data. A typical floppy stores data on both sides and has 80tracks on each side with 18 sectors per track.


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Components

Hard Disks Another form of auxiliary storage is a hard disk.A hard disk consists of one or more rigid metalplates coated with a metal oxide material thatallows data to be magnetically recorded on thesurface of the platters. The hard disk platters spin at a high rate ofspeed, typically 5400 to 7200 revolutions per

minute (RPM). Storage capacites of hard disks for personalcomputers range from 10 GB to 120 GB (onebillion bytes are called a gigabyte).


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Components

Compact Disks A compact disk (CD), also called an optical disc,is a flat round, portable storage medium that is

usually 4.75 inch in diameter. A CD-ROM (read only memory), is a compact discthat used the same laser technology as audio CDsfor recording music. In addition it can containother types of data such as text, graphics, and

video. The capacity of a CD-ROM is 650 MB of data.


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Software

The logical element of the computer system. It isalso known as program.


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Software

Kinds of Software

System Software Application Software


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Kinds of Software

System Software

Operating System Programming Tools and IDE Loaders, Compilers, Assemblers and Linkers Device Drivers Utilities


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Kinds of Software

Application Software

Word Processors Electronic Spreadsheet Presentation Media Development Database


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Software

Types of Software

Retail OEM Shareware Freeware Adware Crippleware

Demo Spyware Public Domain FOSS


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Data and Information

All computer processing requires data, which is acollection of raw facts, figures and symbols, suchas numbers, words, images, video and sound,

given to the computer during the input phase. Computers manipulate data to createinformation. Information is data that is organized,meaningful, and useful. During the output Phase, the information that

has been created is put into some form, such as aprinted report. The information can also be put in computerstorage for future use.


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Booting

The process of initiating action to prepare thecomputer the computer for actual and direct use.

Cool Boot- booting when the computer is initially

powered off.

Warm Boot

- booting while the computer is alreadypowered on.


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Booting

Typical Boot Sequence

Hardware Check

OS Loading

Login Screen

Power

OnReset /

Restart

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