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A escrita rabe muito interessante e muita gente gostaria de aprender. Porm, falta de tempo emuitas vezes falta de acessibilidade e boas explicaes podem fazer este sonho de muita gentedesaparecer e de perder o gosto paraaprender rabe.
O nome Joo Pedro em rabe
Vou tentar nesta pgina ensinar passo a passo como pode aprender de maneira rpida e fcil aescrever em rabe. Est preparado? Bora nessa!
Informao rpida sobre o Alfabeto rabe
O Alfabeto rabe tem 28 letras; O Alfabeto rabe escrito da direita para a esquerda (o alfabeto portugus escrito da
esquerda para a direita);
Cada letra tem 4 maneiras de ser escrita: letra isolada, letra fase inicial da palavra, letra fasemdia da palavra e letra fase final da palavra;
Cada letra pega-se sua prxima com excepo do d; do dh; do a; do r; do z; e o
u;
O nome Lilian em caligrafia rabe
Lio 1A ligao das letrasLETRA A
A letra A em rabe escreve-se assim: muito fcil de identificar um A na escrita rabe, simplesmente um pau levantado que nunca
pega com a sua letra prxima (no confundir com o L que pega com a sua prxima.
Se quisermos juntar mais um A a outro A escreve-se assim:No esqueamos que a letra A uma das poucas letras que nunca pega com a sua prxima, ou
seja, estas duas letras no se juntam.
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Lio 1.1A ligao das letrasLETRA B
A letra B em rabe escreve-se assim:Basicamente sempre que vir uma palavra em rabe com um s ponto em baixo, esta letra sersempre um B. Esta letra em baixo, a fase isolada da letra. O B em cr.
Se agora quisermos juntar mais um B a outro B fica assim:Repare como a letra ganhou uma nova forma no incio da palavra. Temos assim sempre 1 ponto em
baixo para definir a letra B. Temos agora BB.
Se quisermos juntar mais um outro B fica assim:Repare como a letra ganhou uma nova forma no fase mdia da palavra. um pouco parecida com o
incio mas sempre o que define esta letra o seu ponto em baixo da linha. Temos agora BBB.
Lio 1.2A ligao das letrasLETRA L
A letra l em rabe escreve-se assim:Basicamente sempre que vir uma palavra em rabe com pau levantado, ou um A ou um L, adiferena entre as duas letras que o A nunca pega com a letra seguinte, e a letra L pega
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sempre com a letra seguinte. A letra L no seu final faz assim uma curva como pode ver naimagem em baixo.
Se agora quisermos juntar mais um L a outro L fica assim:Repare como a letra ganhou uma nova forma no incio da palavra. Temos assim um pau levantadono inicio para definir a letra l. Temos agora LL.
Se quisermos juntar mais um outro L fica assim:Repare como a letra ganhou uma nova forma no fase mdia da palavra. igual com o incio.Temos agora LLL.
Lio 1.3A ligao das letrasLETRA QA letra Q (muitas vezes escrita em transcrio directa como 9 em rabe escreve-se assim: muito fcil de identificar um Q na escrita rabe, porque uma bola com 2 pontos em cima,sempre. Ou seja nada que enganar.
Se quisermos juntar mais um Q a outro Q escreve-se assim:A letra q uma letra quepega com a sua prxima, ou seja, fica sempre pegada letra seguinte.
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Se quisermos juntar mais QQ a outro Q escreve-se assim:
Lio 2A ligao das letrasPALAVRA PORTAA palavra porta em rabe escreve-se assim:Como se lembra das palavras anteriores, a letra B com um ponto em baixo, e, a letra A comum pau levantado. Tem assim a sua primeira palavra em rabe: PORTABAB (l-se bb). A letraA pega com a sua anterior e toma um som longo de , um som prolongado de A.
Lio 2.1A ligao das letrasPALAVRA CORAO
A palavra corao em rabe escreve-se assim:Como se lembra das letras anteriores, a letra B com um ponto em baixo, e, a letra L comum pau levantado e a letra Q uma bola com 2 pontos em cima. Tem assi m a sua SEGUNDA
palavra em rabe: CORAOQALB (l-se clbe ). O som da letra Q no princpio da palavra um Q muito forte quase a engasgar a garganta.
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Lio 2.2A ligao das letrasPALAVRA PAI
A palavra pai em rabe escreve-se assim:Como se lembra das palavras anteriores, a letra B com um ponto em baixo, e, a letra A comum pau levantado. Tem assim a sua TERCEIRA palavra em rabe: PAI- AB (l-se b). O som daletra A no princpio da palavra um A normal (no sendo um som prolongado como da
palavra anterior (porta). Assim leva esse pequeno chapelinho chamado de hamza que faz o somda letra A ser um A aberto como em caso.
Continue a ver o resto das pginas para aprender a escrever em rabe no menu em baixo. Obrigado.
Em rabe, as palavras so escritas num estilo cursivo (de forma de letra manuscrita), mas no existe um tipo de letramanuscrita que seja discreta. Por causa disto, as letras so escritas de quatro diferentes maneiras dependendo da sualocalizao nas palavras. O quadro que se segue mostra a forma escrita na letra manuscrita para cada palavra:
Os Numeros
Nmero
Nmeros Dez Nove Oito Sete Seis Cinco Quatro Trs Dois Um Zero
Nomes
em rabe
refranes rabes final media principionombre
letra
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Forma Final Forma MdiaFormaIinicial
FormaSeparada Letra
Alif
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Ba'
Ta'
Tha'
Jim
Ha'
Kh
Dal
Zel
R
Zai
Sin
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Shin
Sad
Dad
Tah
Zah
Ain
Guein
F
Qof
Keaf
Lam
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Miim
Nun
H
Uau
I
Note:
Voc deve ter notado que as seguintes letras : Alef (A), Dal (D), Thal (Th), Ra' (R), Zay (Z), Waw (W) esto
marcadas a vermelho no quadro anteriorin rossonella tabella precedente" tem a mesma forma inicial e final(isso significa que essas letras no se podem juntar com a letra que venha a seguir, quando elas veem no meioou inicio da palavra).
Quando uma letra do grupo de seis letras mencionadas anteriormente, vem perto de outra letra do mesmogrupo, a segunda escrita na sua forma separada. (Confuso? H umexemplo deste caso na prxima lio!).
Quando a letra Alef vem depois da letra Lam, escrita de uma forma diferente (isto o correcto paraambas as formas: meio e fim). A forma : (l-se LA desta maneira).
Exemplo 1Vamos comear com uma palavra simples, a palavra Shams (que quer dizer Sol) composta pelas seguintes letras:
a letra Sheen, depois Meem e por fim Sin. Comeamos com letra Sheen na sua forma
inicial. Depois a letra "Meem" na sua forma mdia. E por fim a letra "Sin" na sua forma final
Lembre-se de comear da direita para a esquerda.
+ +
Depois de juntar a letras, temos a palavra Shams:
http://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson3_p.html#fadihttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson3_p.html#fadihttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson3_p.html#fadi8/12/2019 Como Escrever Em rabe
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Agora vamos tentar outra palavra,que tal o meu nome?
Exemplo 2
Se ainda no sabe o meu nome, bem FADI, eu acho que devia ter sido FADYe vai perceber o porqu naprxima lio. Vamos escrever ento:
Comea com um "F
" que equivale letra "Fa
. Depois a letra "A", que "Alef" . Depois o "D" que "Dal" . Finalmente um "I" ou o "Y" que corresponde a "Ya" (falaremos mais acerca disto na prxima lio).
A palavra deve formar-se como se segue:
+ + +
Depois de juntar as letras, a palavra deve escrever-se assim:
Nota: Lembre-se que as letras "Alef" e "Dal", fazem parte das seis letras que no se podem juntar com letras que vmdepois delas, quando esto no meio ou principio da palavra (asduas regrasque explicam este caso esto na lioanterior!). Por causa disto, as letras "Dal" e "Ya'" so escritas na forma separada (a letra "Dal" vm logo a seguir letra"Alef" e a letra "Ya'" vem logo a seguir letra "Dal").
Agoratente ler as duas palavras que se seguem, que existem em portugus e que esto escritas em manuscrito rabe
(para ter uma ideia, deixe o ponteiro do rato por um momento em cima da palavra):
Para verificar as suas respostas, v prxima lio.
About the Arabic Alphabet
Arabic is read from right to left
There are 29 letters in the Arabic alphabet
http://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson2_p.html#2ruleshttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson2_p.html#2ruleshttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson2_p.html#2ruleshttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson2_p.html#2rules8/12/2019 Como Escrever Em rabe
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29
There is no such thing as capital letters versus small letters
Basically, there is no such thing as printing versus hand writing / cursive
So basically, theres only one way to write Arabic
Read the chart of letters below from right to left, top to bottom
You can click on each letter to hear its name
Basically, all 28 letters are consonants
Vowels are not part of the alphabet; they will be discussed later
AB C D EF G H IJ K L M N OP Q R S T UV W X Y Z
Each letter has 4 forms (which look very similar to each other)
o when you write the letter by itself
o
when it comes in the beginning of a word
o when it comes in the middle of a word
o when it comes at the end of a word
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These forms will be discussed later
The forms you saw in the chart are when the letter is by itself
end middle beginning by itself
When we learn the Arabic alphabet in these lessons, we will talk about the
following things:
o what is the letters name?
o how do you pronounce the letter?
o
how do you write the letter (in all 4 forms)?
The Letter Aleph
The first letter of the Arabic alphabet is Aleph
Remember that all 29 letters in the alphabet are consonants
Well, this is not exactly true for Aleph
Aleph doesnt have its own sound; it is used to stretch the short A vowel to
form the long AA vowel
compare the A sound in Bath& Father
the first is a short A and second is a long AA
Listening & Pronouncing
Listen to the words below. Each recording has two words that sound very
similar except that the first word has no Aleph and the second word has one
Aleph. Repeat the words you hear.
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hadatha & haadatha
suwwam & suwwaam
jariha& jarihaa
Sometimes its hard to hear the Aleph when its at the end of a word
Exercise (easy): how many Alephs do you hear in the following?
Answer [7]
Answer [12]
Answer [9]
Exercise (medium): how many Alephs do you hear in the following?
The pace of the reading is now faster
Answer [6]
Answer [27]
Answer [17]
Exercise (hard): how many Alephs do you hear in the following?
The pace is faster and the Alephs arent exaggeratedThis is how normal Arabic sounds
Answer [18]
Recognizing in Text
Writing the Aleph is easy; its just a straight line
This is how the Aleph looks in the four cases
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end middle beginning of a word by itself
Notice that the Aleph cannot connect to the letter after it
There will be a small gap between the Aleph and the next letter
All the letters in a word must be closely connected
The only spaces between letters are the spaces between the last letter of one
word and the first letter of the next word
So dont confuse the small gap after the Aleph with a space between words
Aleph is one of 6 letters that cannot connect to the following letter
The other 5 will be discussed later
There are 4 other letters that include a straight line
Lets look at these letters briefly so we dont confuse them with Aleph
Its easy to tell Aleph apart from the first 3 letters because they have very
distinct shapes. The first two look like a golf club, and the third one has a
special squiggle on top
The last one is more difficult, though. Lets look at the 4 forms for the last one
and compare with the Aleph
end middlebeginning of a
wordby itself
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Look carefully. You can tell the difference between Aleph and this letter when
its in the beginning or middle of a word because Aleph doesnt connect with
the following letter, but this one does
And you can tell the difference when its at the end because Aleph is just a
straight line and this letter has a curve like the English letter J
Exercise: scan the following texts and identify all instances of Aleph
Answers: [2, 0, 1, 7]
Notice that when Aleph comes after the letter
, it looks like this:
The Aleph curves in to the left a little
Writing
When you write the Aleph and it doesnt connect to the letter on the right,
start from the top and draw a line downward
When you write the Aleph and it does connect to the letter on the right,
come in from the right and draw a line upward
Exercise: practice writing Aleph by copying the table below several times
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end middle beginning of a word by itself
The Letters Baa, Taa & THaa
The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Baa, Taa and THaa
We are grouping these letters together because the basic shape of the letters
looks the same; only the dots are different
Baa (
) corresponds to the English B
Taa (
) corresponds somewhat to the English T
Thaa (
) corresponds somewhat to the combination TH
Listening & Pronouncing
Baa is easy to pronounce and detect because its identical to the English B
Taa is like the letter T, except is sounds softer
THaa sounds like the TH part in the word bath
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Use the following rule to help you link the Arabic letter shape with the sound:
The word two is spelled with a T and Taa has two dots
The word three is spelled with a TH and THaa has three dots
bat
bat
bath
Exercise: repeat the words you hear in each of the following exercisesTry to find all instances of Baa, Taa and THaa
Answer [1 Taa]
Answer [1 Taa, 1 THaa]
Answer [1 Baa, 2 Taa, 1 THaa]
Answer [1 Baa, 4 Taa, 1 THaa]
Answer [2 Baa]
Answer [3 Baa, 3 Taa, 0 THaa]
Reading
There are only 2 letters with 1 dot underneath the body: Baa (
) and Jeem
(
)
But the shape of Jeem is completely different from Baa
Jeem has an angle
end middle beginning by itself
Baa ()
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Answers [3 Baa, 2 Taa, 0 Thaa], [1 Baa, 3 Taa, 0 Thaa],
[0 Baa, 1 Taa, 0 Thaa], [1 Baa, 0 Taa, 2 Thaa]
Writing
Baa, Taa and THaa are all written with the same body
The body is a long, horizontal curve
The 4 forms of these letters are the same; the only difference is the number
and position of dots
end middle beginning by itself
Exercise: copy the Baa-Taa-THaa body 20 times in all 4 forms
Exercise: copy the following word 20 times
The Arabic Vowel Fatha
The Arabic alphabet has 28 letters
These are mostly consonants
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Vowels are NOT part of the alphabet
They are little symbols placed on top or underneath each letter
If a consonant has a vowel on top of it or underneath it, it means the vowel
comes after the consonant
= +
You will almost never see vowels written on paper
You pronounce them, of course (because you cant talk without vowels), but
you dont write them
These are the only places youll see vowels written:
0.
childrens books
1. religious texts
2. poetry
But if we ask you to read Arabic on this website, we will include the vowels
Thats because you need to know Arabic grammar before you can read
without seeing the vowels
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Arabic has only 3 vowels
Lets look at the first one in this lesson
The Fatha Vowel
The first vowel is called Fat-ha
It looks like a sloped tick and it goes right on top of a letter
Fatha is the A vowel in Arabic
Actually, Fatha sounds like a short U (like in the word cup)
What do you think the following words will sound like?
Click on the words to hear them
Remember that the letter Aleph is used to stretch the A sound
Actually, Aleph is used to stretch the Fatha vowel and make it into a long
vowel
Arabic has 3 short vowels and 3 long vowels
Fatha is the first short vowel and Aleph is the first long vowel
Each long vowel corresponds to a short vowel (it makes the short one longer)
Aleph makes Fatha longer
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Exercise: how many Fathas do you hear in the following?
And how many Alephs?
Answer [3 Fatha, 2 Fatha 1 Aleph, 2 Fatha
1 Aleph]
Answer [2 Fatha]
Answer [1 Fatha]
Answer [5 Fatha 2 Aleph]
Exercise: how many Fathas do you see in the following?
Answers: [7, 8]
Some pointers
o You will never see a vowel on top or underneath an Aleph because
Aleph is not a consonant; it is a long vowel
o The letter before an Aleph MUST have a Fatha because Aleph is a long
vowel for Fatha
Exercise: copy the words below and put a Fatha on each letter
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Review 1
Arabic is read from right to left
The alphabet has 29 letters
Basically all the letters are consonants
TH like in bath soft T B
Vowels are not written, but they are pronounced of course
There are 3 of them and they are little ticks on top or underneath a letter
If a letter has a vowel on top / underneath it, it means the vowel come after
that letter
BA
Arabic also has 3 long vowels
These ARE part of the alphabet
Each long vowel matches a short vowel and makes it sound longer (about
twice the length of the short version)
BAA
Words are made up of a group of letters connected to each other
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Some letters, though, cant connect tothe following letter
So there will be a very small space between that letter and the next one
Each letter is made of a body and maybe some dots
The body of each letter has 4 forms
0. when its by itself
1. when its in the beginning of a word
2. when its in the middle of a word
3. when its at the end of a word
End Middle Beginning
The connection lines you see in the table above are exaggerated
Connection lines are usually extremely tiny
Letters are usually recognized by the number and position (above/below) of
the dots, and certain qualities of the body (like loops, angles, lines)
Practice
How many letters and vowels do you recognize in the following recordings?
You might need to listen to each a dozen times or more
Answer [2 Baa, 2 Taa, 1 THaa, 7 Aleph, 4 Fatha (+1 hard to
notice)]
Answer [2 Baa, 6 Taa (+1 doubled), 0 THaa, 4 Aleph, 13
Fatha]
Answer [0 Baa, 0 Taa, 0 THaa, 6 Aleph, 9 Fatha (+1 hard to
notice)]
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How many letters and vowels do you recognize in the following texts?
Answer [10 Aleph, 0 Baa, 3 Taa, 0 THaa, 8 Fatha]
Answer [3 Aleph, 2 Baa, 3 Taa, 1 THaa, 13 Fatha]
Copy each of the below and try to pronounce them
The Letters Jeem, Haa, KHaa
The next letters are Jeem, Haa and KHaa
We are grouping these letters together because their bodies are the same; only the dots are
different
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Jeem corresponds to the English J
Haa corresponds somewhat to the English H
KHaa corresponds somewhat to the combination KH
Listening & Pronouncing
Jeem corresponds exactly to the English J, like in the word Jet
Haa is like H except it sounds very deep and it comes from the middle of the throat
In English, when you pronounce H, your breath starts from the middle of your mouth
But in Arabic, your breath starts from the middle of your throat which makes it sound very deep
and throaty
In the diagram below, the Haa comes from below the vocal chords, near the area labelled Trachea
Source:http://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htm
The letter KHaa doesnt really have an equivalent sound in English
But when we need to represent this sound from other languages, we use the combination KH or
CH
Like the German name Johann Sebastian Bach
In the diagram above, KHaa comes from above the vocal chords, near the area labelled Larynx
jet
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Bach
Exercise: repeat the words you hear in the following recordings
Try to identify all instances of Jeem, Haa and KHaa
Answer [1 Jeem, 1 Haa]
Answer [1 KHaa]
Answer [1 Haa]
Answer [1 Jeem, 1 KHaa]
Answer [1 Jeem, 1 Haa]
Reading
Jeem, Haa and KHaa each have the same body
Their body is quite unique so we dont need to compare it to other letters, really
Its an angle on top of a big loop
end middle beginning by itself
Jeem has one dot underneath its body
Haa has no dots at all
and KHaa has one dot on top of the body
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Careful not to confuse the with the ; they both have one dot underneath the body
Careful not to confuse the with other letters; many, many letters have one dot on top of their
body
Use the shape of the body (an angle) to identify these three letters
Exercise: how many Jeem, Haa and KHaa do you see in the following sentences?
Answer [4 Jeem, 0 Haa, 0 KHaa]
Answer [2 Jeem, 1 Haa, 0 KHaa]
Answer [0 Jeem, 0 Haa, 1 KHaa]
Writing
Exercise: copy the following words 3 times each
Improve Your Reading & Writing
Now you know how to identify and write the first 7 letters
But, depending on which other letters these 7 connect to, the script can look
slightlydifferent, as you may have noticed from some exercises
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So lets take a look at a few examples and try to figure out what letters were
looking at and how to figure it out
Sometimes the Aleph is curved like you see twice in the example above
This happens when the letter
(Laam; English L) comes before it
Here is the Aleph with each letter of the alphabet coming before it
Notice that not all letters connect to the letter following
There will be a small gap; notice the size of the gap
Also notice that two letters (
and
) already have a line as part of their body
Careful not to confuse this for an Aleph
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The bodies of Baa, Taa and THaa are sometimes written like a semicircle
Notice the THaa in the first word above
The second word is exactly the same except that the THaa has been writtennormally (we exaggerated the connection a bit, though)
The same goes for Baa and Taa
This semicircle style is optional
It looks nice, though
And it only happens when the following letter is
(Meem; English M)
Notice the last letter in the word above
Its a Taa! Notice the two dots on top!
Taa is one of only 2 letters with 2 dots on top
The other letter is
(Qaaf; English Q) and this is NOT a Qaaf
This is actually kind of complicated
This letter is both a Taa and a Haa (not the Haa we learned about in this
lesson; another Haa)
Sometimes you pronounce it like Taa, and sometimes like Haa
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Well talk more about this whenwe talk about Haa
But basically, a Taa can look like this
This only happens at the end of words
Youll neversee this in the beginning or middle of a word, guaranteed
Notice the beginnings of both of the above words
In the first one, everything looks normal
But in the second one, the Baa is stacked on top of the first Jeem
This can only happen with the letters Jeem, Haa, and KHaa
It happens when any letter comes before them in the beginning of a word
Lets say we have a Haa as the first letter
Then we have a Jeem
You are allowed to stack the Haa on top of the Jeem
And if after the Jeem theres another Jeem, for example
then you can even stack the first Jeem on the second one
to get 3 levels of stacking
This often looks nice
But usually one level is more than enough
And most Arabic computer fonts wont let you do more than one level
And they only do stacking with certain letters before the Jeem, Haa or KHaa
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In the example above, the dot of the stacked Baa is in the same line as the
other dots in the word, roughly
But you are allowed to move the dot of this Baa up so its under the body of
the Baa
Heres another example with a
(Meem; English M)
This has been an overview of stacking
Theres not much more to it, actually
But there are some small rules that we didnt cover here
But nobody follows them anyways
Stacking is taught in grade 8 in many Arab countries
The Letters Daal & Dhaal
The next letters of the alphabet are Daal and Dhaal
Daal and Dhaal look very similar except that Daal has no dots and Dhaal has one dot on top
Daal sounds somewhat like the letter D in English
Dhaal sounds kind of like the letter Z in English, but not really
Listening & Pronouncing
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Daal sounds like D except it is much softer
Pronounce D and check where your tongue hits the top of your mouth
Now, instead of hitting it there, hit your tongue closer to your teeth
Some people pronounce the word December with a soft D that sounds like a Daal
Dhaal sounds like Z except it is much softer
Dhaal sounds like the TH in words like "This" and "That"
Source:http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66
This is how you pronounce Dhaal:
Put the tip of your tongue below your top central incisors
Now breathe out with force
Your tongue should shiver against your teeth
Dhaal sounds very similar to THaa
To compare THaa and Dhaal, compare the words "Bath" and "That"
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Click on each of the words below to hear the Daal and Dhaal in them
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
Answer [2 Dhaal]
Answer [1 Dhaal]
Answer [1 Daal pronounced twice]
Reading & Writing
Daal and Dhaal have the same body
Daal has no dot
But Dhaal has one dot on top
Daal and Dhaal do NOT connect to the following letter
But the space between them and the next letter is really small most of the time
end middle beginning by itself
When theres no letter before them, Daal and Dhaal are a simple angle
When there is a letter before them, Daal and Dhaal look like the letter U in English except with the
left side cut off
(The dot of the Dhaal goes on top of the right side of the U)
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Exercise: how many Daal and Dhaal do you see in the following texts?
Answer [1 Daal, 1 Dhaal]
Answer [2 Daal, 3 Dhaal]
Daal/Dhaal and Jeem/Haa/KHaa are not hard to differentiate
But lets compare them just to be safe
end middle beginning by itself
/
//
Exercise: copy the following words
The Letters Raa & Zeiy
The next letters of the alphabet are Raa and Zeiy
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Raa and Zeiy look very similar except that Raa has no dots and Zeiy has one
dot on top
Raa sounds mostly like the letter R in English
Zeiy sounds pretty much like the letter Z in English
The name of the letter Zeiy is sometimes pronounced Zeiy (Zaa-ee)
And other times its pronounced Zaa
Zeiy is more popular in modern Arabic
Listening & Pronouncing
Raa sounds mostly like R; heres how you pronounce it:
Pronounce R and check where your tongue is while pronouncing
Just bring your tongue a little bit forward (towards your teeth)
Zeiy sounds like Z; theres really no difference
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
Answer [2 Zeiy]
Answer [1 Raa, 1
Zeiy]
Answer [1 Raa]
Reading & Writing
Raa and Zeiy have the same body
Raa has no dot
But Zeiy has one dot on top
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Raa and Zeiy do NOT connect to the following letter
But the space between them and the next letter is really small most of the
time
end middle beginning by itself
Exercise: how many Raa and Zeiy do you see in the following texts?
Answer [4 Raa, 0 Zeiy]
Answer [4 Raa, 2 Zeiy]
Raa/Zeiy and Daal/Dhaal are not hard to differentiate
The Daal/Dhaal body has an angle
But the Raa/Zeiy body is a big, downwards curve
Lets compare them
end middle beginning by itself
/
/
Exercise: copy the following words
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Improve Your Pronunciation
Lets recall the letters weve seen so far
end middle beginning by itself
Does NOTconnect
connects
Does NOT
connect
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Aleph stretches the Fatha vowel and creates a long A sound like in the word Father
Baa is exactly like the letter B
Source:http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66
Taa is like the letter T except softer
You pronounce it by placing the tip of your tongue behind your central incisors
THaa is like the combination TH like in the word Bath
You pronounce it by placing the tip of your tongue beneath your central incisors and then
breathing softly
Jeem is like the letter J
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Source:http://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htm
Haa is like the letter H except its much more guttural (throaty)
You pronounce it by bringing the air out from the middle of your throat (near the trachea)
KHaa is like the sound in the German name Bach
There is no English equivalent
You pronounce it by bringing the air out from the top of your throat (near the larynx)
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Source:http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66
Daal is like the letter D except softer
You pronounce it very similarly to the letter Taa
Except more of your tongue touches the top of your mouth
With Taa, the tip of your tongue touches the part of your mouth where the skin meets the roots of
the central incisors
With Daal, the tip plus more of your tongue touches that part
Dhaal is a bit like the English Z
It actually sounds more like the TH in the word This or That
You pronounce it like you pronounce THaa except a bit more of your tongue touches the bottom of
your central incisors
Also, theres a bit of a shiver in your tongue
Raa is like the letter R
Except your tongue is a bit closer to the opening of your mouth when you pronounce it
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Zeiy is almost exactly like the letter Z
The Letters Seen and SHeen
The next letters of the alphabet are Seen and SHeen
Seen and SHeen look very similar except that Seen has no dots and SHeen has
3 dots on top
Seen is equivalent to the letter S
SHeen is equivalent to the combination SH
Listening & Pronouncing
Careful not to confuse Seen and THaa
THaa sounds like the TH in Bath
Seen sounds like the S in Bass
bath-tha
bas-sa
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
Answer [1 Seen]
Answer [1 SHeen]
Answer [1 SHeen]
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Reading
Seen and SHeen have the same body
Seen has no dots
But SHeen has 3 dots on top
end middle beginning by itself
The body of Seen/SHeen is 3 cusps followed by a big loop
You dont see the loop when there is a letter coming after
What other letters have a loop that you dont see when theres aletter after?
end middle beginning by itself
Make sure not to confuse the cusps of the Seen/SHeen body with the bumps
in letters Baa, Taa and THaa
Can you see the separate letters in the examples below?
Use the dots of Baa, Taa, THaa to help you
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Make sure not to confuse Seen and THaa
They both have 3 dots on top
Can you tell the difference between Seen and THaa in the examples below?
Exercise: read the following to the best of your ability
Writing
Exercise: copy the following words once each
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Remember that when Baa, Taa and THaa come before the letter
(Meem;
English M) that the body of the Baa/Taa/THaa becomes a semicircle
Well this happens with Seen and SHeen also
But, like Baa/Taa/THaa
0. it looks nice but its optional
1. the
must have a letter connected after it as well
Exercise: copy the following words once each
The Letters Saad and Daad
The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Saad and Daad
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Saad and Daad look very similar except that Saad has no dots and Daad has one dot on top
Saad sounds kind of like the letter S
Daad sounds kind of like the letter D
Listening & Pronouncing
Saad sounds like S (so like (
But it has a whistle to it
It can be difficult for a beginner to tell the difference between and
Some differences between and
0. has a slight whistle and does not
1. sounds very fat and its pronounced with a full mouth and is not
2. when you pronounce your lips become round and pouted a bit, but when you
pronounce
they flatten out into a small smile
3. when you pronounce your tongue curves width-wise a bit, but when you pronounce
it stays pretty flat
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
Answer [2 Saad]
Answer [1 Saad]
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Answer [1 Seen, 1 Saad]
Daad sounds like a soft D (so like (
But it sounds much fatter / thicker
Source:http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66
Theres a real way to pronounce Daad, and then theres a way everyone does it in modern Arabic
because the real way is difficult
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The real way of pronouncing Daad is so unique, in fact, that Arabic is called The Language of
Daad
This is how you pronounce Daad the non-real way:
When you pronounce Daal the tip of your tongue touches the part where your top central incisors
meet your gums
Move the tip of your tongue a little further back and pronounce Daal again
The resulting sound is much thicker
This is Daad
Lets not worry about how to do the real pronunciation
No one will notice the difference anyways
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
Answer [1 Daad]
Answer [2 Daad]
Answer [1 Daad, 1 Daal]
Exercise: each of the following recordings have two words
Which word has the and which word has the ?
Answer [Saad first]
Answer [Seen first]
Answer [2 Seen + 1 THaa, then 1 Saad]
Exercise: each of the following recordings have two words
Which word has the and which word has the ?
Answer [Daal first]
Answer [Daad first]
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Answer [Daal first]
Reading & Writing
The Saad/Daad body is a loop, followed by a cusp, followed by a loop at the end
end middle beginning by itself
To write the Saad/Daad body:
Start from a point
Make a loop by going up and to the right
Complete the loop by coming down and to the left
Continue after the loop to create a small cusp
What other letter bodies have a loop (at the end)?
end middle beginning by itself
Exercise: copy the following words once each
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The Vowels Kasra and Damma
Remember that vowels are not part of the Arabic alphabet
They are little symbols on top or underneath letters
And you wont see the vowels written down in normal texts
Only in holy texts, poetry and when youre learning the language
If a letter has a vowel on top or underneath it, it means the vowel comes
after that letter
= +
BA = B + A
There are 3 vowels in Arabic
We already learned about Fat-ha, which is equivalent to A
The other two are Kasra and Damma
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Kasra looks the same as Fatha except it goes under the letter
And Damma looks like a little ribbon and it goes on top of a letter
Kasra sounds like the vowel E or I
And Damma sounds like the vowel O or U
Practice
Exercise: read the following words then copy them down
Click on the words to hear them
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
1
2
3
The Letters Taa and Zaa
The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Taa and Zaa
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They have the same body except Zaa has a dot on top of the loop, to right of the line
Taa is NOT the Taa we know from Baa Taa THaa
The sound is similar but this one is much deeper
Zaa sounds a lot like Zaal and Zeiy
But Zaa is much deeper than either of those two
Well talk about the differences shortly
Listening & Pronouncing
is a much deeper and thicker version of
Lets compare the two sounds:
and
is pronounced the same way as
Your tongue touches the part where your top central incisors meet your gums
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Source:http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66
But there are some subtle differences
0. When you pronounce your tongue stays almost flat, but when you pronounce the
center of your tongue sinks down
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
Answer [1 Taa]
Answer [1 Taa]
Answer [1 Taa (doubled)]
Exercise: read the words below
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...
Zaa is a much deeper version of Zaal
Lets compare the two:
and
Source:http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66
Zaa and Zaal are pronounced pretty much the same
The tip of your tongue touches the bottom of your top central incisors
But there are some differences
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0. When you pronounce Zaa the center of your tongue sinks down, but when you pronounce
Zaal it does not sink that much (or at all)
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
Answer [1 Zaa]
Answer [1 Zaa]
Answer [1 Zaa]
Exercise: repeat the words below
Exercise: which recording in the pair has the and which has the ?
1Answer [
]
Answer []
2Answer []
Answer [
]
3Answer []
Answer [
]
Exercise: which recording has the Zaal, which has the Zeiy and which has the Zaa?
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1
Answer []
Answer []
Answer [
]
2
Answer [
]
Answer []
Answer [
]
3
Answer []
Answer []
Answer []
Reading & Writing
The Taa/Zaa body is a loop followed by a vertical line
The loop is a lot like the loop of and , but theres no cusp
end middle beginning by itself
To write the Taa/Zaa body:
Start from a point
Make a loop by going up and to the right
Then complete the loop
When the loop is done, lift your pen and draw the vertical line from top to bottom
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The line of Taa/Zaa is like crossing Ts and dotting Is in English
You usually do it when youre done writing the wholeword
And the same goes for dots in Arabic
When people write by hand, they sometimes end up putting the line of the Taa/Zaa body very
close to the loop, or even on top of it
Thats okay
Exercise: copy the following words to the best of your ability
Careful not to confuse the line of Taa/Zaa with an Aleph
The line of Taa/Zaa will always have the Taa/Zaa loop before it
Exercise: do you see an Aleph in the following words?
Answer [YES]
Answer [YES]
The Letters Ein and GHein
The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Ein and GHein
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Ein and GHein look very similar except that Ein has no dots and GHein has one dot on top
Ein has no equivalent in English that we can compare it to
Well talk more about it later
GHein sounds like the combination GH
Listening & Pronouncing
Ein is a very throaty letter
It comes from the middle of the throat near the area labelled Trachea
Source:http://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htm
Exercise: Ein is very easy to identify. Listen to the recordings below and repeat what you hear
Be careful if this is the first time youre pronouncing Ein; do not hurt your throat
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1
2
3
4
5
GHein is represented with the combination GH
It sounds like the noise you make when you gargle your throat
GHein comes from the top of the throat near the area labelled Larynx
Source:http://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htm
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
1
2
3
4
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5
Reading & Writing
The Ein/GHein body is a loop, followed by a cusp, followed by a loop at the end
end middle beginning by itself
To write the Ein/GHein body by itself or in the beginning
0. start from the top and create the first semi circle which is slightly tilted upwards
1. it will look like the top of a wrench
2. then continue by drawing the big semi circle underneath if the letter is by itself, otherwise
continue on to the next letter
To write the Ein/GHein body in the middle or end of a word
0. continue from the previous letter
1. draw a diagonal line from the bottom right to the top left
2. continue by drawing a horizontal line from the left to the right
3. continue by drawing another diagonal line from the top right to the bottom left
4. youll end up with an X with a line on top
5.
you can fill in the space between the X and the line on top with your pen later if you want6. this is one of the ways to write Ein/GHein
Exercise: copy the following words
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Although they look pretty different, you might confuse the Jeem/Haa/KHaa body with the
Ein/GHein body
In particular, when they occur at the end of a sequence
Lets compare the two
end middle beginning by itself
Exercise: read the following to the best of your ability
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Arabic Syllables
A syllable is an uninterrupted flow of speech
For example, in the word habitat, the syllables are broken up like this:
ha-bi-tat
There can be different types of syllables depending on how you group the
consonants and vowels to make the syllable
Arabic has 6 types of syllables
3 are common and 3 are rare
Lets use the letter C to represent a consonant, V to represent a vowel and L
to represent a long vowel (like Aleph)
Below are the 6 types of syllables in Arabic
Syllable Structure Examples
common
1 CV
2 CL
3 CVC
rare
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4 CVCC
5 CLC
6 CLCC(double (
Syllable Type 1
1 CV
The first syllable is where you have a consonant then a vowel
This would be like the word hi in English
In English, you can also have a vowel THEN a consonant, like the word it
But in Arabic, syllables NEVER begin with vowels
In English, you can also have more than one consonant and then a syllable
Like tra in the word ex-tra
But you can NEVER have two or more consecutive consonants in one Arabic
syllable
The only way to have Syllable Type 1 in Arabic is to have a consonant then a
(short) vowel
And there are only 3 (short) vowels in Arabic
So the 3 examples
,
and
cover all ways to have Syllable Type 1 in Arabic
Syllable Type 2
2 CL
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Syllable Type 2 is a consonant then a long vowel
Remember, syllables can never begin with vowels
So you can NEVER have a long vowel THEN a consonant make up a syllable
Right now, we only have one example for this type of syllable
There are two others we should give
But we didnt study those long vowels yet
Remember: there are 3 short vowels and 3 longs vowels in Arabic
The long vowels correspond to the short ones by making them longer
We know that Aleph makes the Fatha sound longer
Well talk about how to make the Kasra and Damma sounds longer in a future
lesson
Syllable Type 3 and the Sukoon Symbol
3 CVC
Syllable Type 3 is where you have a consonant and a vowel (like Syllable Type
1), but then another consonant
This is like the word hit in English
In English, you can have more than one consonant after the vowel
Like the sm in the word chasm
But remember: in Arabic, you can NEVER have two or more consecutive
consonants in a single syllable
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Okay, so when you have a Syllable Type 3, the consonant at the end of the
syllable wont have any vowel after it
So there will be no Fatha, Kasra or Damma on top / underneath it
When this happens, some people might leave the letter blank with no vowel
But it is even more common (when youre actually writing down the vowels)
to write a small circle on top of the letter
This circle is called a Sukoon and the letter is called Saakin (meaning, without
vowel)
Click on the words below to hear them
Can a syllable ever begin with a Sukoon?
No. A Saakin letter always signifies the end of a syllable
Exercise: copy the words below and stretch the connections between
syllables
Example: Answer []
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When this happens, we write the Jeem only once and place a symbol on top
of it
This symbol is called a Shadda
It looks like a small W
Notes:
o Shadda indicates the end of a Syllable Type 3 and the beginning of
some other syllable
o therefore, you will never see it in the middle of a syllable... always
between two syllables
o
if a letter has a Shadda, it means there are actually 2 of that lettero
a letter will always have both a Shadda and some vowel on top /
underneath
you will NEVER see a letter with just a Shadda, or a Shadda and a
Sukoon
o sometimes the vowel is written on top / underneath the Shadda, not
the letter
in fact, thats more common and thats how well do it
Exercise: read the following words
Click on them to hear the answer
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Exercise: copy the following
Exercise: write down the word you hear
Answer []
Answer []
Answer [ ]
also accepted [
]
Answer []
Answer [ ]
What if a Syllable Type 3 ends in a consonant and the next syllable begins
with a consonant... the two consonants arent the same, but they soundsimilar like
and
or like
,
and
?
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Pronouncing each letter separately is really hard!
So you have to merge the two letters and make both sound the same
So, in the example above, both
and
will sound like
You use the sound of the first letter
Some people might use the sound of the second letter
People with experience try to pronounce both letters separately
But no Shadda will be written or anything like that
This phenomenon happens rarely, and its usually between
and
It happens because some letters are hard to pronounce right after others
Exercise: pronounce the following word
Rare Syllable Types
The last three syllable types are rare
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Thats because they involve two consecutive consonants in a single syllable
And remember that thats not allowed in Arabic
It happens very rarely and usually at the end of a word
Some examples are given below
CVCC
CLCC
CLC, CV
The Letters Faa, Qaaf and Kaaf
The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Faa, Qaaf and Kaaf
These letters dont really look the same
And only two of them sound the same
But they are typically grouped together anyways
Faa is equivalent to the English letter F
Qaaf is represented by the letter Q; it sounds like K except its deeper
Kaaf is equivalent to the English letter K or C
Listening & Pronouncing
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Faa sounds exactly like F
Exercise: do you hear a Faa in the following recordings?
Answer [NO]
Answer [1]
Answer [2]
The sound of Qaaf is close to the sound of K
But heres how you really pronounce it:
Make the K sound
Note which part of your tongue hits the roof of your mouth
Dont use this part; use a part of your tongue further back than this
The back of your tongue should be hitting the opening of your throat
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
Kaaf sounds exactly like K
The same part of your tongue hits the same area on the roof of your mouth
as when you pronounce K
Exercise: which recording in each pair has the Qaaf, and which has the Kaaf?
1Answer [3 Qaaf]
Answer [1 Kaaf]
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2Answer [1 Qaaf]
Answer [2 Kaaf]
3Answer [2 Qaaf]
Answer [2 Kaaf]
Reading & Writing
end middle beginning by itself
Faa and Qaaf look the same in 2 of the 4 cases (a small loop)
But remember, sometimes you differentiate letters by the body, and
sometimes you differentiate them by the number and position of the dots
Faa has 1 dot and Qaaf has 2 dots
Plus, when the letter is by itself or at the end, the Faa tail is long and the Qaaf
tail is round
Kaaf is like a backwards L
Kaaf has a special squiggle instead of a dot
This squiggle goes away when its in the middle or beginning of a sequence
When Kaaf is in the middle or beginning, the body kind of changesIt looks like a giant < (less than) sign
Or kind of like an S
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Exercise: read the following words to the best of your ability
Some letters will be new
Learn to recognize what youve seen and what you havent
Exercise: write the word you hear
Answer []
Answer []
Answer [
]
Answer [ ]
Answer [ ]
The Letters Laam, Meem and Noon
The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Laam, Meem and Noon
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Laam, Meem and Noon are really nothing alike
But we group them together anyways
Laam is pretty much like L
Meem is equivalent to M
Noon is equivalent to N
Listening & Pronouncing
Laam sounds pretty much like L
But its just a bit different
Heres how you pronounce Laam:
Pronounce the L sound
Notice that the tip of your tongue (and maybe a bit more) touches the roof of
your mouth (close to your teeth)
Now make a bit more of your tongue touch your mouth
In other words, make your tongue a bit flatter against the roof of your mouth
Compare L and Laam in the recordings below
L using both pronunciations
Laam using both pronunciations
Theres nothing much to say about Meem and Noon
Exercise: repeat the words you hear
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Exercise: repeat what you hear
Reading & Writing
end middle beginning by itself
Remember that Aleph and Laam look similar
But Aleph does NOT connect to the next letter
Thats enough to tell them apart
end middle beginning by itself
Also, when Aleph comes after Laam, Aleph becomes slightly curved
Meem has a tiny loop
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end middle beginning by itself
The loop of the Meem is smaller
And you write the loop of the Meem starting from the bottom
You can tell its written starting from the bottom
But the loop of Faa and Qaaf is very round
Remember that you write the loop of Saad/Daad starting from the top
But the loop of Meem starts from the bottom
end middle beginning
Note that when Noon is by itself or at the end, the body is a deep curve
But when its in the beginning or middle, the body is identical to
Baa/Taa/THaa
end middle beginning by itself
You can think of the Noon body (by itself or at the end) as a deep curve
Or as the loop at the end of the Saad/Daad body with a dot on top
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Or as a Zaal with the body rotated almost 90 degrees
Use the single-dot of Noon to differentiate between it and Baa, Taa and THaa
Exercise: copy the following words
(Optional) try to read the ones you can
Exercise: beside each word below, put the letter of the recording that
matches it
F A
C B
HC
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B D
D E
A F
G G
E H
The Last 4 Letters of the Alphabet
The last 4 letters of the alphabet are as follows
W
H
A
Y
Waw is equivalent to W
Haa is kind of like H, and its different from the Haa we learned in Jeem, Haa, KHaa
Hamza is like the letter A, except its not a vowel
Well explain this in detail in the lesson
Hamza is the only letter whose name doesnt reflect how it sounds
Yaa is equivalent to Y
Waw and Yaa can also be used as long vowels like Aleph
Well talk about this in the lesson
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Lets learn these letters in a different order for convenience
Haa
This Haa is different from the Haa we learned in Jeem, Haa, KHaaThat one was really throaty
This one sounds like the noise you make when you say Ugh when youre annoyed
See the difference between and by comparing these two words
In English H, your breath starts from the center of your mouth (try it)
In Arabic (, your breath starts from the middle of your throat (near the area labelled Larynx
In Arabic (, your breath starts from the bottom of your throat (near the area labelled Trachea
Source:http://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htm
Exercise: how many and how many do you hear in these recordings
Answer [0 and 4]
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