Community Health NursingLecture

Good Afternoon!

Mark Michael J. Cuevas, SN ‘08

Community Health Nursing Ruth B. Freeman

SERVICE CommunitiesGroupsFamilies Individuals at homeHealth centersClinicsSchoolsPlaces of work

Community Health NursingJacobson

NURSING PRACTICE wide variety of

community services and consumer advocate areas,

a variety of roles, at times including independent practice

Community Health NursingAmerican Nurses Association

•PRACTICE• Promotion and preservation of

health

• Practice is comprehensive and general

• Continual

Principles of Community Health Nursing

• It is based on recognized needs of COMMUNITIES, FAMILIES, GROUPS and INDIVIDUALS

• The CH Nurse must understand fully the objectives and policies of the agency she represents

Principles of Community Health Nursing

• In CHN, the FAMILY is the unit of service

• CHN must be AVAILABLE TO ALL regardless of race, creed and socio-economic status

•HEALTH TEACHING is a primary responsibility of the CH Nurse

Principles of Community Health Nursing

• The CH Nurse works as a MEMBER OF THE HEALTH TEAM

• There must be provision for periodic evaluation of CHN services

Principles of Community Health Nursing

• The CH Nurse also has a responsibility for his / her own PROFESSIONAL GROWTH

• The CH Nurse makes use of AVAILABLE community health resources

Principles of Community Health Nursing

• The CH Nurse utilizes the ALREADY EXISTING ACTIVE ORGANIZED GROUPS in the community

• There must be provision for educative supervision in CHN

• There should be accurate recording and reporting in CHN

Clients of the Community Health Nurse

• Individual•Family•Subgroup•Community

Community

• A group of people

–sharing common geographic boundaries and / or common values and interests

Characteristics of a Healthy Community

•Awareness that ‘we are community’•Conservation of natural resources•Recognition of, and respect for, the existence of subgroups

•Participation of subgroups in community affairs

•Preparation to meet crises

•Ability to problem-solve•Communication through open channels

•Resources available to all•Setting of disputes through legitimate mechanisms

•Participation by citizens in decision making

•Wellness of a high degree among its members

Public Health

The art of applying science in the context of politics so as to reduce inequalities in health while ensuring the best health for the greatest number

Refers to the practice of nursing in national and local government health departments (which includes health centers and rural health units), and public schools

Public Health

• SCIENCE AND ART OF :

•PREVENTING disease

•PROLONGING life

•PROMOTING health and efficiency

Public Health

Through organized community effort for:

–sanitation of the environment

–control of communicable diseases

–education of individuals in personal hygiene

–organization of medical and nursing services

–the development of the social machinery

Essential Public Health Functions

–Health situation monitoring and analysis

–Epidemiological surveillance / disease prevention and control

–Development of policies and planning in public health

Essential Public Health Functions

– Strategic management of health systems and services for population health gain

– Regulation and enforcement to protect public health

– Human resources development and planning in public health

Essential Public Health Functions

– Health promotion, social participation and empowerment

– Ensuring the quality of personal and population based health services

– Research, development and implementation of innovative public health solutions

Public Health Nursing

Special field of nursing that combines skills of nursing public health some phases of social assistance and

functions as part of the total public health

programme

for the promotion of health

the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment

rehabilitation of illness and disability

Public Health Nurses

Nurses local / national health departments

or public schools whether their official position title is

Public Health Nurse or school nurse

Qualifications and Functions

• Management Function

• Supervisory Function

• Nursing Care Function

• Collaborating and Coordinating Function

Qualifications and Functions

• Health Promotion and Education Function

• Training Function

• Research Function

History of Public Health Nursing

PHN started in 1912 when the Bureau of Health employed 4 graduate nurses from the Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing. They were assigned in Cebu and engaged purely on maternal and child nursing

PHN inaugurated its pioneer work in Tondo, Manila in 1919 when a visiting nurse Ms. Balbina Basa made a house to house visit, hold a clinic and dispensary work with special emphasis on maternal care. At that time, problem on these areas posed a serious problem. As a remedy, Red Cross introduced the operation on puericulture centers in the crowded districts of Manila which was later on extended to the provinces

There were 2 groups of nurses, one group was engaged in puericulture centers and were known as health center nurses while the other group assigned in 3 towns were called district nurses. Later, they were

merged and became known as Public Health Nurses

In 1933, 175 nurses performed maternal and child health work in Manila and provinces.

The Commonwealth Government appropriated fund for 215 positions for public health nurse in 1935 which include 26 positions for nurse supervisors. This was done to intensify campaign against the high infant mortality rates

Puericulture centers were under the supervision of the Office of the Public Welfare Commission until the Reorganization Act of 1933 took effect placing them under the Bureau of Health. Mrs. Soledad Buenafe became the assistant chief nurse of the Section of Nursing

The Section of Nursing was transferred to the Division of Maternal and Child Hygiene and later became the Section of Public Health Nursing in 1935 in when Mrs. Buenafe became the chief

The Department of Health and Welfare was created in 1940 where 6 of the public health nurses of the Bureau of Health were transferred in 1941. This formed the nucleus of the present Division of Nursing of Manila Health Department

Public Health Nurses wore a beige uniform

which later are replaced by the blue and

white stripes due to scarcity of materials. October 1, 1941, PHN donned a nurse’s cap but was discontinued upon recommendation of Mrs. Buenafe. She also created the Division of Nursing to replace the Section of Nursing of the Bureau of Health

• During the WWII on December 8, 1941, twelve emergency units were organized, one of them was sent to Bataan

• 31 nurses who were taken prisoners of war by the Japanese army and confined at the Bilibid Prison in Manila were released on July 22, 1942

• During early liberation period of 1945, many of the public health nurses found jobs in the US Army Hospitals and Manila Health Department which was managed by the US Army

• The PHN service in the DOH received a big boost in 1953 with the creation of 81 Rural Health Units which was made possible through bilateral agreement between US and Philippine Government which paved the way for progressive PHN especially in the rural areas

• On May 18, 1954, the Philippine Congress passed and approved Republic Act No. 1082, known as the Rural Health Unit Act which was implemented in July of the same year.

• In June 1957, Republic Act No. 1891 “An Act to Amend Sections 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8” of RA No. 1082 entitled “An Act Strengthening Health and Dental Services in Rural Areas and Providing funds” therefore was approved

• RA No. 1891 created 8 categories of rural health units corresponding to 8 population groups to be served

• In 1975, 2,000 midwives were recruited and trained to serve in the rural areas. The aim was for the ratio of one Rural Health Midwife per 5,000 population

• Executive Order No. 119 reorganized the DOH and created several offices and services within the DOH

• Between 1990-1992 the Local Government Code of 1991 RA 7160 was passed and implemented.

• In May 24, 1999, EO 102 “Redirecting the Functions and Operations of the DOH” was signed by President Joseph E. Estrada