Community attitudes toward wildlife and conservation in Mangalane, Mozambique R. Lubilo, South African Wildlife College, South Africa and J. A. Shaw, WWF.

Community attitudes toward wildlife and conservation in Mangalane, Mozambique R. Lubilo, South African Wildlife College, South Africa and J. A. Shaw, WWF SA

BEYOND ENFORCEMENT: Communities, governance, incentives and sustainable use in combating wildlife crime.26th February 2015 Glenburn Lodge, Muldersdrift, South Africa

My introduction to community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) – as a young VAG

Secretary in Msoro community, Zambia

As community members, we recognized that more wildlife = more money

Therefore we:•Set up wildlife zones•Built dams for water for wildlife•Employed 76 village scouts•Established patrolling systems•Collection of snares, firearms etc.

Results•All illegal locally manufactures guns removed•People observed wildlife management zones•Less availability of game meat / less poaching

But need to re-create / roll out these successes

• Southern African Wildlife College – Established a CBNRM Training Section – with WWF / USAID support

• Focusing on “learning-by-doing”• But few effective CBNRM programmes in place• Therefore, setting up “model” learning sites, e.g.

Mangalana in Mozambique– Governance– Community empowerment and benefits sharing– Resource protection

MAP / case study

SAWC

Mangalana community

Sabi Game Park

Partnership Partnership •Five villages Mangalane community Five villages Mangalane community (700-800 people)(700-800 people)•Sabie Game Park (SGP - privately owned Sabie Game Park (SGP - privately owned reserve)reserve)

• Houses for relocated peopleHouses for relocated people• Clinics, schools, water provisionClinics, schools, water provision

•Historically poor relations – Historically poor relations – • Loss of access to water, grazing, Loss of access to water, grazing,

grave sitesgrave sites• Broken promisesBroken promises• Human wildlife conflict issuesHuman wildlife conflict issues

•Southern African Wildlife College Southern African Wildlife College (SAWC) CBNRM Unit to improve (SAWC) CBNRM Unit to improve governance and relationshipsgovernance and relationships

SchoolWater

Before project, people in Mangalane did not understand value of wildlife (2013)

Mangalane TraineesMangalane Trainees

In 2013 • Situational analysis

• Livelihoods• Governance dashboard• Participatory Rural

Appraisal• Governance training and

established village structures• Involved private sector

Establishing governance structures

Forget Sithole explains “rules of the Forget Sithole explains “rules of the money” to the people. money” to the people.

Mavanguana committee being Mavanguana committee being introduced to communityintroduced to community

• 2014• Unlocked money after 7 years• Shared 20% of revenue from

Sabi Game Park with community

• Over 300 Households received cash dividend av. R500

• Attitudes have changed• More dialogue• Willing to set up community

scouts / village protection systems

• Will formally survey attitudes after 2014 rains

2015 The Rhino Fund sourced by SABIE Game Park

60% for community projects (as decided by each village)

40% for community scouts programme as a Village Protection Unit

Performance Based

• Rigorous Village governance (as a model for training) – constitutions; – conformance

monitoring– financial management

• Community scouts Programme for wildlife and livestock (as a model for training)• Income generation /

alternative livelihoods (wildlife / tourism / agriculture)

• Performance monitoring

NEXT STEPS

Community

Sabie Game Park

Working with government

agenciesWWF and UK

IWT Challenge Fund

SAWC

Partnerships

• Improved local economy and livelihoods improved via wildlife economy in combination with land use planning and enterprise / agricultural development

• Improved community governance with full participation, equitable benefit sharing and awareness of the value and management of wildlife at household level.

• Increased understanding of new Conservation Law to combat wildlife crime and communities empowered to protect their resources.

• Increased household security and diversification of sources of income, including from wildlife, in association with improved community governance structures reduces illegal activity and therefore poaching impacts.

OUTPUTS

• When the local people have the right access to information, use of resources, participate in decision making, able to realize some form of tangible benefits- cash rewards or employment, social projects;

• When the community is well organized, with proper rules of governance, clear criteria of who is responsible for what;

• When there is genuine partnership between communities and private sectors, with government and other supporting organizations;

• Where there is presence of technical assistance for supporting community capacity;

• When communities are considered real owners and beneficiaries.

SUCCESS FACTORS