Communities ASD Seminar 2 nd June 2009 Sinéad Power - GUS Project Manager Scottish Government
Jan 03, 2016
Communities ASD Seminar 2nd June 2009
Sinéad Power - GUS Project Manager
Scottish Government
Aim of the Presentation
1. To provide an overview of the Growing up in Scotland study including:
- Research objectives- Research design- Content
2. Present some key findings from the GUS reports particularly the 2009 Report ‘Parenting and the Neighbourhood Context’
3. Looking to the future – what are the options in GUS for area level analysis?
About GUS: Research Objectives
• Explore the impact of early years experiences on later life outcomes
• How do the experiences and outcomes of Scottish children differ?
• What can we do to improve things?
Study Design (1) – Two cohorts – initially (Sw1)
• Birth cohort: 5217 children aged 10 months • Child cohort: 2859 children aged 34 months
– National sample capable of analysis by urban/rural, deprived/non-deprived and other sub-groups of interest
– Sample drawn from Child Benefit records– Face-to-face (CAPI) survey of parents annually
until child reaches five (almost six) years of age then at selected stages of interest
Study design (2): Ages and StagesAge at interview
SweepLaunch year
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6
12005
BC1(5217)
CC(2858)
22006
BC1(4512)
CC(2500)
32007
BC1(4191)
CC(2331)
42008
BC1 CC
52009
BC1 = Birth cohort 1CC = Child cohort
BC1
62010
BC1
GUS1 GUS2 GUS3 GUS4 GUS5
(2005/6) (2006/7) (2007/8) (2008/9) (2009/10)
BC only
Main carer Main carer Main carer Main carer Main carer
Partner
Child height & weight
Child height & weight
Cognitive assessments
Cognitive assessments
Health
records
Health records
Health
records
Health records
Health
records
Study Design (3): Sources of information
Study content: Core topics of the main interview Household composition and family demographics
Parental health and well-being
Non-resident parents Early experiences of pre-school
Parental support Early experiences of primary school
Parenting styles Pregnancy and birth
Childcare Involvement of grandparents
Child health and development Material deprivation
Activities with others Food and nutrition
Education and employment Housing and neighbourhood
Income and benefits Social networks and social capital
Accommodation and transport Parental health and well-being
GUS and area level analysis
• SIMD and Rural/Urban - across sweeps
• Sweep 2 (2008) report on Growing up in Rural Scotland
• Sweep 3 (2009) report on Parenting and the Neighbourhood Context
Growing up in Rural Scotland (2008)
• Breastfeeding rates are higher in rural areas and mothers are less likely to smoke.
• Children in rural areas are more likely to have ‘child-rich’ social lives.
• Families with young children make less use of formal childcare in rural areas.
Parenting
and the
neighbourhood
context report (2009)
Background context
• Local area and local services feature prominently in the national performance framework
• Creating communities that provide
a supportive environment for children
and families also a key aim of the
Early Years Framework.
Aim of report
• Report aims to:
– Explore families’ experiences of living in Scotland’s neighbourhoods
– Examine parents’ views on different aspects of their local area
– Identify differences in the views and experiences of parents, in particular relation to area deprivation and urban-rural classification
– Consider the relationship between area characteristics and parenting behaviours
The data• Neighbourhood data:
– Satisfaction with local area– Availability, use and assessment of local
services/facilities– Perceptions of safety– Perceived ‘child-friendliness’ of the local area
• Social network and social support data: – Visits to or visits from family members– Contact with grandparents– Attendance at/ involvement in local parent/child groups– Ease of arranging short-notice childcare– Perceptions of informal social network – closeness to,
and perceived level of support from, family and friends
Parents perceptions of their area
• 81% of parents are very or fairly satisfied with the area where they live
• Satisfaction level varies according to area characteristics
Availability and use of local facilities/ services
• People living in rural areas were less likely to have access to services such as childcare, health and leisure facilities than were those in urban areas
• Areas of higher deprivation also suffered from a lack of childcare, health and leisure facilities
Availability, use and deprivation (%)
None in areaIn area but not
usedIn area used
sometimes/often
Least Most Least Most Least Most
Parent & toddler group 4 16 52 59 44 25
Registered childminder 5 28 81 66 14 6
Playgroup 10 21 73 66 18 12
Nursery 6 6 63 73 31 21
GP 8 13 9 12 83 75
Community health services 9 12 24 22 68 66
Library 10 14 31 37 59 49
Public swimming pool/leisure centre 27 34 17 16 56 50
Playground or park 4 10 5 17 91 73
Credit Union 89 52 10 39 1 9
Advice centre 66 42 32 46 2 12
Parents views of services…
• Local health and education services were rated highest by parents, whereas facilities for children and young people were rated lowest
• Facilities for young children were seen as most in need of improvement – selected by one-fifth of respondents
Percentage rating services as good or very good,
by deprivation - birth cohort
89
82
63
47
15
77
69
39
19
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
School services
Health services
Childcare
Facilities for under 12s
Facilities for teenagers
%
Least deprived Most deprived
49
45
48
43
59
36
59
23
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Lived in area 10 years or more
Lived in area 1-5 years
Rural
Urban
Social rented housing
Ow ner occupied housing
Most deprived
Least deprived
%
% with low satisfacion score
Percentage with low satisfaction with facilities score - birth cohort
Services and issues most in need of improvement in local area by
area urban rural and deprivation classification
Service or issue
Area Urban Rural Classification (%)
Area Deprivation
Urban Rural
Least deprived
Most deprived
All
Access to GPs and local health services 3 5 3 3 3
Good quality affordable housing 14 15 11 15 14
Good shopping facilities nearby 8 9 9 7 8
Access to good public transport 3 10 6 2 4
Quality of schools 5 3 5 4 4
Level of crime 12 2 4 19 10
Quality of jobs 2 2 1 2 2
Facilities for young children 20 21 16 24 20
Sense of community spirit 2 2 3 1 2
Cleanliness of local environment 5 1 2 6 4
Condition of public spaces 7 5 9 5 6
Family and friends close by 3 3 5 1 3
Facilities for older children 7 9 10 5 8
Access to good quality affordable childcare
2 3 3 1 2
Amount of traffic/dangerous drivers 6 7 10 4 6
Social networks Three-quarters of parents had a satisfactory
friendship network and a similar proportion had a satisfactory family network.
A little over half (57%) had both satisfactory networks and only 10% in the birth cohort and 8% in the child cohort had neither.
Respondents living in areas of low deprivation were slightly more likely to have satisfactory friendship networks than were those living in areas of high deprivation (79% V 70%).
Child-friendliness
Most parents said their local area was moderately or very child-friendly.
Factors independently associated with lower perceived notion of area child-friendliness: Living in an urban or deprived area Lower levels of neighbourhood satisfaction A negative rating of local facilities Having fewer satisfactory social networks Level of education
Variation in perceived child-friendliness by area deprivation
- birth cohort
5 712
24
43
69 67 6964
49
26 25
128
19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Least deprived 2 3 4 Most deprived
Area deprivation - quintiles
% in
ea
ch
gro
up
Low Medium High
Are area characteristics related to parenting
behaviour?
Relationship between area characteristics and
parenting behaviours
Factors associated with parenting behaviours
Factors not associated with parenting behaviours
• Area deprivation• Urban-rural classification• Existence of social networks• Assessment of local facilities• Household income• Level of education• (Tenure)• (Length of residence)• (Mother’s age at child’s birth)
• Area child-friendliness• Neighbourhood satisfaction
Future developments in GUS and the relationship to area level characteristics
• Re-running the neighbourhood module?
• Data linkage?
• Local Authority level analysis?
LA Level Analysis
• Not currently possible
• Paper on web
• Modelling options being considered??
WANT TO KNOW MORE?
www.growingupinscotland.org.uk