Communist, Socialist, DemocratsRepublican, Nationalists Focus : society Support : workers Goal : personal freedom Trade : fair trade Focus : individual.

1. B2. E3. C4. A5. B6. C7. C8. A9. B10.C11. A12.B13.C14.D15.D16.B17.D18.A19.C20.A21.B22.E23.B

24. D25. E26. D27. D28. B29. B30. E31. C32. D33. E34. B35. D36. C37. C38. A39. B40. B41. C42. C43. A44. C45. C46. C

47. E48. C49. C50. D51. E52. C53. D54. A55. B56. A57. B58. A59. C60. E

Free Response Questions/ FRQ Helpers• Identify: provide a specific answer, which does

not require causal explanation• Define: provide a specific meaning for a word or

concept• Describe: show understanding of a particular

concept or political phenomenon• Explain: demonstrate understanding of how or

why a relationship exists by clearly articulating the logical connection or causal pattern between or among various political phenomena

• Compare: provide an explicit statement which connects two or more concepts

• Popular Sovereignty• Liberty• Equality • Respect for individual

• Initiative: Citizen Sponsored

• Referendum: Legislative Sponsored

A man's character may be learned from the adjectives which he

habitually uses in conversation. Mark Twain

Warm up.Explain the differences between Republic and Direct Democracy.

When is each desirable?

Exit QuestionDoes the Initiative process have a place

in modern U.S. Government? Why or why not?

Give an example of its place.

BUREAUCRATIC VIEW

Not educated

In your opinion, which Philosopher was correct about human nature? Locke or Hobbes?

• Topic Sentence• Explain giving at

least 2 pieces of evidence

List as many forms of government as you can in 2 minutes.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NO Power to taxNO Chief Executive NO National JudiciaryCouldn’t regulate Interstate TradeNo National Currency

Accomplishments:

Articles of Confederation1781-1789

• States rights– Powers not delegated congress

• Weaknesses– One vote– No taxing powers– No commerce regulations– No executive to enforce acts– No national court system– Amendments only by all states agreeing– 9/13 required to pass a law

Shay’s Rebellion 1786

Mount Vernon 1785MD. And VA.

ANNAPOLIS 17865 COLONIES SHOW

Constitutional Convention 1787

Which concern of Mason’s is most relevant today? Why?

•1 pt. Topic Sentence•1 pt. Define key terms•2 pts. Explain giving at least 2 details

(Delegates)

Conspiracy

Pragmatic ApproachHoffstadtler & Roche: Politicians

1948

ElitistBeard: Economic Self Interest

1913 “Convention of the well-bred, the well-fed, the well-read, and the well-wed”

Inspired by God

Intent of Founders

Governments of the World • Socialism: You have two cows give one cow

to your neighbor. • Communism: You have two cows. Give both cows to the

government, and they m ay give you some of the milk.• Fascism: You have two cows. You give all of the milk to

the government, and the government sells it.• Nazism: You have two cows. The government shoots you

and takes both of your cows.• Anarchism: You have two cows. Keep both of the cows,

shoot the government agent and steal another cow.• Capitalism: You have two cows. Sell one cow and buy a bull.

Large States

Based on population

3 Branches

2 House legislature

Small States

One House

Equal representation

Each State one vote

• James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton wrote 85 essays

• Stressed weaknesses of the AOC• Convincing commentary in NY on

ratifying the Constitution

• Congress can control Interstate Commerce

• South thought the North would dominate – export duties on Tobacco

• Decided Congress cannot tax exports from any state

• Could not interfere with slave trade for 20 years

North wanted for tax purposes

Prevent tyranny

System of restraints in which each branch can check the other two

Checks and Balances• Declares acts of Congress unconstitutional • Veto legislation • Veto 2/3 Override • Creates lower courts • Remove judges • Recommend legislation • Enforces laws • Approves or rejects appointments • Appointed for life

vs

Constitutional division of power between national and state governments.

Unity, not uniformity

Downside to FederalismConfusing Unequal resources

Interest groups can block the will of the people

Jim Crow laws

Where does Colorado Stand?

Layer Cake

Marble Cake

NATIONAL GOVERNMENTOBLIGATIONS

Republican Form

Protection from invasion

(Reserved powers to the states)Amendment 10

Power to tax

Make laws

Establish Law enforcement

agencies

Power to borrow

1. INFORMALLY

Easier, takes less time(Defining what the Constitution means)

Judiciary Act of 1789

Plessy v. FergusonBrown v. Board

Executive Agreements—WWII agreementsExecutive Orders—Internment of Japanese

Informal Amendments

• Supreme Court Decisions– Marbury v. Madison

• Political Parties– Nomination process– Election process

• Customs– Cabinet– 2 terms for President– Presidential succession

Informal Amendments

• Basic Legislation– Details were added by

Congresses – Ways it interprets the

Constitution and carries out its duties

• Executive Actions– Presidential use of Necessary

and Expedient Clause “Necessary & Expedient Clause” Detroit

– Executive order

1. 2/3 vote from both houses of Congress.

2. Const. Convention called by 2/3 of the States.

1. Ratifying Conventions in ¾ of the states.

2. ¾ of all state legislatures approve.

“ Congress should have expressed powers only or those implied

necessary to carry out the expressed ones.”

Loose or Strict Constructionist?

Strict Constructionist

Thomas Jefferson

“A wide variety of interpretations of the Constitution should be allowed by Congress in order to carry out

their duties”

Loose or Strict Constructionist?

Loose Constructionist

Alexander Hamilton

McCulloch v. Maryland

Elastic Clause

Commerce Clause

U.S. v. Lopez

Gibbons v. Ogden

Gun Free School Zones Act 1995

U.S. v Morrison Printz v. United States

Landmark case: Interstate trade exclusive to Fed.

Violence against Women Act

Brady Act Background checks

Specific programs

• Hazardous materials• Safe drinking water• Americans with disabilities Act• Clean air act

Civil Rights

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 1995

• Justify the Mandate• Prove Legal Authority• Cost/Benefit Analysis• Macro-Economic effect• Select least costly

Preamble 1787/ Magna Carta 1215

We have also granted to all freemen of our kingdom, for us and our heirs forever, all the underwritten liberties, to be had and held by them and their heirs, of us and our heirs forever

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence,[note 1] promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

•Mandate: Compelling states to take actions with or without funding. Ex. NCLB

•Block Grants: Funding to be used by States for general purpose. Ex. National Min. Drinking Age

•Categorical Grants: Funding spent on narrowly defined purposes. Ex. Head Start, Food Stamps