Communism vs. Fascism Communism • Promote a classless society • One supreme leader • Goal: Spread of communism worldwide • Karl Marx Fascism • Allow for different classes to emerge • Goal: Devotion to one’s country (NATIONALISM) • The wills of the country over the people
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Communism vs. Fascism Communism Promote a classless society One supreme leader Goal: Spread of communism worldwide Karl Marx Fascism Allow for different.
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Communism vs. Fascism
Communism• Promote a classless society• One supreme leader• Goal: Spread of communism
• 460,000 soldiers killed• Heavy debt• Britain and France did not give Italy
the land they promised• Governments were all coalitions that
couldn’t make decisions • Rising unemployment led to unrest in
cities
The Treaty of Versailles
• Italians believed that it treated them badly.
• Italy had not been given the land promised at the Secret Treaty of London.
• Italy’s foreign Minister Orlando left before the conference ended, feeling humiliated.
What is fascism?
• A system of government with centralized authority under a dictator.
• Usually involves terror, censorship, nationalism, and racism.
Benito Mussolini
Mussolini Forms the Fascist Party
• Mussolini began his career as a journalist where he started to gain his own ideas in what became known as FascismFascism.
Mussolini gains power• Mussolini set up a Fascist
Party and promised to solve Italy’s problems
• Promised to rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman Empire
• Organized armed gangs called the “Blackshirts”
• Came to power in 1922 and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel to prevent a Communist Revolution in Italy
1922 March on Rome
• to establish Mussolini and the Fascist Party as the most important party in Italy
• In 1921 the Fascist parties in Italy joined together to form the Fascist Party
• Mussolini said this at a party conference:
"Either the government will be "Either the government will be given to us or will shall seize it given to us or will shall seize it by marching on Rome." by marching on Rome."
1922 March on Rome
• In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched on Rome, threatening King Victor Emmanuel III to give Mussolini the power.
• The king did not love the former liberal politicians, so he agreed to give Mussolini the power
March on Rome, 1922
Fascism under Mussolini
Mussolini and Hitler
Mussolini and Hitler
Hitler and Mussolini had a close relationship. In October 1936 they signed a non-military alliance. Mussolini signed a full defensive alliance with Nazi Germany in the Pact of Steel.
Hitler and Early Politics• Hitler helped form the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) in
1919 and assumed leadership in 1921• Beer Hall Putsch (‘pooch’) November 8th, 1923
– Attempt by Hitler to seize power and overthrow the Bavarian government for signing the Treaty of Versailles
– The attempt failed and Hitler was imprisoned for five years for high treason (but he was released after only serving one year – he was not considered a threat to the public)
Hitler’s Rise to Power• By 1932, the Nazi Party was the
biggest political party and held 230 seats
• Hitler demanded to be appointed the position of chancellor – he was initially refused, but then given the position
• Just before the 1933 election, the Reichstag (parliament) was burned to the ground. The president of Germany granted the Nazi Party the power to quash any political opposition, and they intimidated and arrested socialist and communist party members
– These people shared the same ideology as Hitler and believed he was their savior – from the depression, the Jews, the Communists, and the Treaty of Versailles
2. Ignorance– People did not consider Hitler to
be a real threat3. Did not take him seriously
– People just thought Hitler was ‘odd’
4. New party needed– The depression and hyperinflation