Mar 22, 2016
Communism in China• During WWII, Japan partially
occupied China, thus temporarily quelling the battle between Chiang’s republican government & Mao’s communists
• After the war, however, Mao’s army defeated Chiang’s troops– Chiang’s republic driven to the
island of Taiwan– Mao established the People’s
Republic of China
China Under Mao
• Early on, Mao worked with & imitated many communist models of the Soviet Union
• Mao’s focus on the peasants, however, caused him to eventually break away from Soviet-style communism
China Under Mao
• Late 1950s, Mao instituted the Great Leap Forward– Emphasized agricultural & industrial development
• Collectivized farms, make private farming illegal, set quotas on industrial production– Focused too strongly on industry, resulting in mass famine & failure of the
program• Severely damaged Chinese economy
China Under Mao• 1966, Mao instituted the Cultural
Revolution– Another program focused on
economic development, but also strongly tied to social & political change
– Called for a removal of all “old China” vestiges• Removal of hierarchal bureaucracies,
Confucianism & Buddhist ideology, institutes of higher education, etc.
– Focus was on strict equality & Mao’s personal ideologies• Ex. The Little Red Book
• Like the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution severely damaged China