Communications Trends, Needs, Issues November 18, 2009 Grid-Interop 2009 Brian Gaucher RSM-Manager – Smarter Energy (Thanks to Mike Robinson – IBM E&U)
Jan 05, 2016
Communications Trends, Needs, Issues
November 18, 2009Grid-Interop 2009
Brian GaucherRSM-Manager – Smarter Energy
(Thanks to Mike Robinson – IBM E&U)
Example Technologies for the Grid
End-User Private
Utility Operated
Public Wireless
Public Wireline
A Actuator
M Meter
C Concentrator
S Substation
D Data Center
Application Layer Presence
Wireless Network Provider
BPL BPL BPL MPLS
MW T1
PMP MW
Metro-Ethernet
DSL
T1-FR
MPLS
MPLS
T1-FRGSM-CDMA Public
GSM-CDMA PrivateWiMAX
VHFVHF
PLC
900 MHz Mesh
2.4 GHz Mesh
Zigbee
6LoWPAN
PLC
A M C S D
Wireline Network Provider
A View of Smart Grid Communications Needs
Public
Private
PSTN
Internet
Vendor
Mobile
Emergency
Ext Grid Op
R
R
RS
S
S
S
C
A MAA
AA
A
AA
A
AA
A
AA
A
AA
A
AA
A
M
M
M
M
M
R
R
Home Area Network
Neighborhood Area Network
Access Network
Backhaul Network
Core Network
ExtraNet
R
R
S C
CM
S
S
S
A Actuator M Meter S Sensor C Concentrator R RouterLegend:
Intelligent Distribution Grid Intelligent Transmission GridHome Outside
Example set of network requirements
Application Protocol Latency Bandwidth Reliability Scope Security
ReclosersDNP3,
IEC 60870-510s msec < 56 kbps Medium P2P + HR Medium
Capacitor BankDNP3,
IEC 60870-5100s msec < 56 kbps High HR Medium
“Poletop” RTUDNP3,
IEC 60870-51000s msec 56 kbps High HR Medium
Motor Operated Disconnect
DNP3, IEC 60870-5
1000s msec < 56 kbps High HR Medium
Line RegulatorDNP3,
IEC 60870-5100s msec < 56 kbps High HR Medium
Advanced Metering(Residential)
C12.22,IEC 62056
1000s msec 56 kbps Low HR High
Commercial IDR C12.22, MV90 100s msec < 56 kbps Low HR High
Demand Mgmt Tbd 100s msec < 56 kbps Medium HR High
MWM Voice G.729 & VoIP 100s msec < 56 kbps High HR + P2P NA
MWM Data UDP/IP 100s msec 1000’s kbps Medium HR + P2P High
Aggregate Serial + IP 10s msec 1000’s kbps High P2P High
P2P = peer-to-peer
HR = host-remote
Note: Most of the power performance requirements were summarized from IEEE Std 1646-2004 Table-3. ITU-T specifies VoIP latency standards. Per discussion on 1/17/2008 with Dennis Holstein (considered US Expert to several international standards bodies), IEEE Std 1646-2004 is the latest published work on power communication performance. However, as the IUN matures, these requirements could change.
Network Issues – Home Example
• Order of magnitude – Tens of millions– Externally driven by customer choice
• Ownership – Private or utility– Design, maintenance, troubleshooting, records
• Types of devices – Thermostat, pool pump, water heater, lights…
• Network technologies – Wired – Category 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7…– Wireless - paging, cellular, WiMAX, RF-mesh, WiFi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN…– Electrical – X.10, PLC, HomePlug 1.0, HomePlug AV…
• Addressing responsibilities – Link, network, public or private
• Protocol support– IPvX?...
• Security – Joining the network, profiles, protecting the home, protecting the utility,
encryption• Gateway
– Meter, DSL, cablemodem, WiMAX • Control
– Data standard, local control, utility control, state, upgrades
Public
Private
PSTN
Internet
Vendor
Mobile
Emergency
Ext Grid Op
R
R
RS
S
S
S
C
A MAA
AA
A
AA
A
AA
A
AA
A
AA
A
AA
A
M
M
M
M
M
R
R
Home NeighborhoodAccess
Backhaul CoreExtraNet
R
R
S C
CM
S
S
S
Neighborhood Area Network
Access Network
Backhaul Network
Core Network
Similarly for these networks