Communication The process of the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver through a medium (channel) which results in shared feedback.

Communication

The process of the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver through a medium (channel) which results in shared feedback.

Channels of Communication

FORMAL CHANNELS

• Downward Communication

• Upward Communication

INFORMAL CHANNELS

• Horizontal Communication

• “Management by Walking Around”

• Grapevine

Communication Management

• Conceptual Skill--Ability to solve problems and demonstrate decision-making skills

• Technical Skill--Ability to demonstrate knowledge through tactile techniques

• Human Skill--Ability to interact with people

Corporate Culture Myths

• Myth One: Corporate Culture is a homogeneous organizational characteristic

• Myth Two: All members of the organization share the same values, beliefs, and traditions

• Myth Three: The leaders of the organization have the ability to shape the corporate culture

• Myth Four: All organizations should strive for one culture

Culture vs. Climate

• Culture is defined as the values and beliefs shared by the members of a society; a set of shared assumptions and understandings about organizational functionings (the ‘why do things happen the way they do’)

• Climate refers to the ways organizations operationalize the themes that pervade everyday behavior--the routines of organizations and the behaviors that get rewarded, supported, and expected by organizations (the ‘what happens around here’)

Communication Networks

• Chain Network--Traditional organizational structure (Layered)

• Wheel Network--Very centralized, autocratic

• Circle Network--Participative organization

• Star Network--Laissez-faire “free rein” organization

Ethics

• Guidelines which help to identify what is right and what is wrong behavior.

• Acting responsibly for the common good

• Telling the truth

• Avoiding misleading others

• Sharing vital information

Five Steps in the Communication Process

• The sender has an idea (encoding)

• The message is planned, organized, and sent

• The message (type) is sent through a channel (medium)

• The receiver reacts to the message (decoding)

• Effective communication results in shared feedback

Communication Signals

• Sign language: All symbols

• Action Language: Kinesics, gestures

• Object Language: Intentional and unintentional displays

The meaning may be construed in many ways by the sender and receiver.

Ex: the sign of victory, the “ok” sign, the words “sorry, torch, buns,” the biggest rock.

Words, Words, Words

• Idioms: Pet expressions, jargon

• Euphemisms

• Offensive, sexist language

• Biased language

• Stereotyped language

• Illiterate language

• Formal language

• Colloquial language

• “Ese, Ize” language

• Redundant language

• Cliche’

The written message

• Writing style

• Format

• Message (Purpose--Why)

• Audience (Who)

• Content (What)

• Timeliness (When)

• Medium (How)

• Tone

A Brave New World of Words

• Twenty-five percent of words added to the dictionary in 1998 were computer -generated

• A normal adult uses 20,000 words regularly

• The English language contains a million words--give or take.

• The ten most looked up words on Webster web site were (in order): paradigm, love, thesaurus, ubiquitous, HTML, effect, gry, affect, home, dog

Sample of 100 Words Added in 1998

• Action figure day job

• adrenalized euro

• apoptosis F/X

• bloviate gazillion

• bottom-feeder newbie

• buffalo wing ramen

• cellaphone noodle trash talk

• chat room yuppie flu

• comfort food netiquette

And the infamous word in 1998

• Is--– The Starr Report: “salacious”

– “Censure” was the most looked up word on 12/10/98

And if you were afraid to ask:

• Gry is a measure equal to one-tenth of a line.

• Only two words in the English language end in “gry”--hungry and angry

• And to be honest, the word gry is outdated/obsolete and no longer used by ordinary people!

And more on words...

• The word with the most definitions is “set”

• The 50 most frequently used words in English account for 45 percent of the total volume of words used.

• In a recent study conducted OC Register (12/22/98) college students were asked the meaning of a few words added to Webster’s dictionary such as:

The Words….

• Ramen

• Bloviate

• Frisee

• Gopik

• Kroon

• Meme

• Stotin

Let’s see how you fared!

• Bloviate:– to speak or write verbosely or windily

• Frisee:– curly chicory leaves, used in a salad, also called frisee lettuce

• Gopik:– a kind of money, from Russia and Azerbaijan

• Kroon:– a kind of money, Estonia

• Meme:– an idea or behavior, style, or usage that spreads from person to person

within a culture

• Stotin:– A money, from Slovenia

And Today our Language is...

• Less Formal and Eloquent

• More Comprehensible and Concise

• A communication revolution has taken place in the last 100 years.– Language is more technical and specialized; therefore,

the English common core language has increased from 65,000 words to over 160,000 words

The C’s of Writing

• Completeness--Providing all the info needed to promote effective communication

• Conciseness--Providing all the info in a clear, brief manner

• Courteousness--The tone of the message (empathy with the reader)

• Clarity--Delivering the message in the manner intended.

• Considerately--Using language the reader will understand

• Correctness--The facts, spelling, grammar, and essential details add to the sender’s credibility.

The two-fold process

• Build or create goodwill

• Get the desired response

Stereotyping vs. Ethnocentrism

• Stereotyping: Classifying a particular group of people in a like manner

• Ethnocentrism: The belief that one’s culture is superior to other cultures

The rule of 12

• People are judged when they are 12 feet away based on overall appearance

• People are judged when they are 12 inches away based on body grooming and scent

• People are judged by the first 12 words they speak

Nonverbal Communication

• Eye contact

• Proxemics

• Greetings

• Colors and dress

• Status

• Gender Differences

• Time attitudes

• Decision-making

• Food and eating habits

• Grooming

Written/oral Differences

• Business correspondence

• Advertising

• Regional accents

• Word usage