Communication and Network Concept

7/30/2019 Communication and Network Concept

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o is a layered set of protocols.

o provides the service of exchanging datadirectly between two network hosts , whereashandles addressing and routing message acrossone or more networks.

o provides reliable, ordered delivery of astream of bytes from a program on one computer

to another program on another computer.o keeps track of what is sent , and

retransmit anything that did not get through .


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oA is a basic transfer unit associated witha in which the delivery,arrival time and order are not guaranteed.

o is the that major Internetapplications rely on, applications such as

, , and .o If the datagram is too large , will separate it

into several datagram, and make sure that they allarrive correctly.oOther applications, which do not require reliable

data stream service, may use thewhich provides a datagram service

that emphasizes reduced latency over reliability.oBut there are some services that every

application needs. So these services are puttogether into .


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0With , you can think of as a library routinesthat calls on, but which is also available toapplication that do not use . This strategy ofbuilding several layers of protocols is called layering.We can consider , , and mail as separatelayers.

0 application use four layers:

- an application protocol.- a protocol such as that provides servicesneed by many applications.

- IP, which provides the basic service of gettingdatagram to their destination.

- The protocols needed to manage a specificphysical medium, such as Ethernet or a point topoint line.


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o is based on the . Thismodel assumes that there are a large number ofindependent networks connected by gateways.

o often pass through a dozen differentnetworks before getting to their final destination.The routing needed to accomplish this should becompletely invisible to the user. In order to accessanother system one should know the internetaddress of the other computer.

oWith the structure of the address, we can getinformation about how to get to the system.

o

oThe datagram is sent through the networkindividually.

oAt some level, information is broken intodatagrams, and those datagrams are treated by thenetwork as completely separate.


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o The ( ) is an

encapsulation of the Internet Protocol designedto work over serial ports and modemconnections.

oThere is no support for dynamic addressassignment, link testing, or multiplexing differentprotocols over a single link.

o SLIP has largely supplanted by PPP.


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o

is an internet Standard for transmission of IPpackets over serial lines, or

o In networking, the , is a datalink protocol commonly used in establishing a directconnection between two networking nodes.

oThe is currently the best solution for dial-upInternet connections.

o is a layered protocol, startingfor link establishment,

configuration and testing. After LCP, one or manyof several is used totransport traffic for a particular protocol suite.


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oThe IP Control Protocol, permits the transport ofIP packets over a PPP link.

oPPP supports both synchronized andunsynchronized lines.

Layered PPP


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:

oA direct connection to the Internet represents

the ultimate mode of access. But directconnection is too expensive for individual user.So for individual opting for dial up connection,the is used.

o provides the ability to transporttraffic ever serial line between two computers.

oThis enables a home user to avail direct internetconnection to the PC via a simple modem and a

telephone line, at a very low cost.o enables one to run GUI based

browsers, ftp client etc.


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o provides a form of direct Internetconnection in the sense that:

- The home users computer has a communicationlink to the Internet even if it is via a serviceprovider(ISP).

- The home users computer has the networking

software that can speak with othercomputer on the internet.

- The home users computer has an identifyingaddress( ) at which it can be contacted

by other computer on internet.


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THANK YOU

Communication and Network Concept

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