1 Sabrina Tirpak Principal Laboratory Technician Plant Diagnostic Laboratory www.njaes.rutgers.edu/services Common Insect Pests in the Vegetable Garden Photo: Sabrina Tirpak, NJAES Is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity Organic Agriculture Is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain or enhance ecological harmony Has a primary goal of optimizing the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plant, animals and people. Insect pests and diseases are a fact of life. Some damage may result in lower quality produce. Lower yields may be experienced because of insect Expectations Successful organic gardeners understand: Lower yields may be experienced because of insect damage or disease. It takes time and effort to protect produce from pests without synthetic insecticides. Insect Identification To identify which insects are pests and which are beneficial. To recognize developmental stages and understand the Insect Management Things to Consider seasonal life cycle of each pest. Scouting and Monitoring To detect insect pests early before they have caused noticeable and irreversible damage. Requires knowledge of specific pests and good observation skills. Can be time consuming. Good record keeping is important. Keep plants healthy Biological controls Conservation and/or augmentation of natural enemies Insect Management Control Tactics Cultural controls Preventative practices to minimize pests by altering the environment Mechanical/physical controls Direct or indirect measures that kill pests or disrupt their activities Insecticidal controls (organic pesticides) Biological controls Predatory insects Parasitoids Insect Management Control Tactics Parasitoids Diseases Birds and bats
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Is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity
Organic Agriculture
y g yIs based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain or enhance ecological harmonyHas a primary goal of optimizing the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plant, animals and people.
Insect pests and diseases are a fact of life. Some damage may result in lower quality produce.Lower yields may be experienced because of insect
Lower yields may be experienced because of insect damage or disease.It takes time and effort to protect produce from pests without synthetic insecticides.
Insect IdentificationTo identify which insects are pests and which are beneficial.To recognize developmental stages and understand the
Insect ManagementThings to Consider
seasonal life cycle of each pest.
Scouting and MonitoringTo detect insect pests early before they have caused noticeable and irreversible damage.
Requires knowledge of specific pests and good observation skills.Can be time consuming.Good record keeping is important.
Keep plants healthyBiological controls
Conservation and/or augmentation of natural enemies
Insect ManagementControl Tactics
Cultural controlsPreventative practices to minimize pests by altering the environment
Mechanical/physical controlsDirect or indirect measures that kill pests or disrupt their activities
Insecticidal controls (organic pesticides)
Biological controlsPredatory insectsParasitoids
Insect ManagementControl Tactics
ParasitoidsDiseasesBirds and bats
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Cultural controlsCrop rotationSanitation
Insect ManagementControl Tactics
SanitationTillageCrop selection / resistant varietiesTiming of plantingsTrap cropsCompanion planting
SlugsSeveral different speciesCosmetic damage to leaves and seedlingsThrive in moist conditions wherever living or
http://gardening.sheknows.com/2011/02/04/slugs-and-snails/wherever living or recently dead plant material is presentFeed mostly at nightWorse in wet years
Butternut squash, cucumbers, and melons are resistantLater plantingRemove and destroy infested plantsSpring and fall tillingE t l i
Squash Vine Borer
Encourage natural enemiesMonitor for flying red/black adults, flat brown eggs laid singly on stems, frass pushed out of stems, wilting plantsMechanical/physical control
Vine surgeryFloating row covers until flowering
PesticidesBt, spinosad, azidarachtin (neem), kaolin clay sprayed or dusted on the stem bases before egg laying
General Pests
Hosts: Just about everything in the garden!
Crucifer Flea Beetle
Photo by Jeff Hahn
Photo by Jeff Hahn
Photo by Jeff Hahn
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Eggplant Flea Beetle
David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org