Commas

Commas

1.Items in a series2.Compound sentences

3.Adjectives4.Interrupters5.Appositives

6.Quotation Marks

Commas should be placed in series of words, phrases, or clauses.

Place commas in the following sentences:

1.Sentence Structure:Commas in a Series

Martina brushed her hair put on her pajamas and went to bed.

She fell asleep and dreamed that she was a princess she kissed a frog and she rescued her prince.

Martina brushed her hair, put on her pajamas, and went to bed.She fell asleep and dreamed that she was a princess, she kissed a frog, and she rescued her prince.

2.Sentence Structure:Compound Sentence

A sentence that contains two simple sentences joined by a conjunction is called a compound sentence.

A conjunction joins words, phrases, and clauses together in a sentence.

Conjunctions forandnorbutoryetsoFAN BOYS

3.ImportantCommas with adjectives

Use commas to separate adjectives that provide an equal description of a noun.

THE TEST:Can you put “and” between the adjectives?Can they be described in reverse order?If so, use a comma.

big blue house three hungry kittensa cranky, ungrateful man

4.Interrupters

Examples: Ann Myers, our neighbor, is a fine golfer Naturally, we expect to win My answer is correct, I think

Q:Identify the interrupters in the above sentences

5.Appositives

Q:Identify the nouns in the following:Mr. Ali, our teacher, is great.

Appositives

Purdue University Writing Lab

Essential/Non-essential Appositives

Identify the appositive

State the importance of this appositive to the meaning of the sentence

Uncle Dan the author of this book is happy.

Identify the appositive

State the importance of this appositive to the meaning of the sentence

Mr. Dan my uncle is happy.

Essential/Non-essential Appositives

Essential Appositive

Uncle Dan the author of this book is happy.

No commas are needed

Appositive is essential

Non-essentialAppositive

Mr. Dan, my uncle, is happy.

Commas are neededAppositive is non -

essential

My brother, the biggest nerd I know, plans to throw a party! S appositive V

Even without the appositive, the sentence still makes sense : My brother plans to throw a party!

Sentence Structure:Appositives

Dangerous!!!!!!A Common Comma Error:

The Comma Splice A comma splice is an error in which two

sentences are joined by a comma.

We had a nice time, I hope we can meet again soon.S V S VThe Internet has revolutionized the business world,

S V online sales have increased dramatically this year.

S V

Elements of Language

Ch.23 Interrupters(p.607) Essential and non essential

appositives(p.609-610) Interrupters(p.611-612) Quotation Marks

To Correct a Comma Splice

Insert a conjunction between the two sentences. Start a new sentence. Insert a semi-colon between the two sentences.

• We had a nice time, and I hope we can meet again soon.• We had a nice time. I hope we can meet again soon.• The Internet has revolutionized the business world; online

sales have increased dramatically this year.

Commas in Quotations

Follow your rules for dialogue punctuation.If the He said comes first, place the comma after said.

He said, “I know Kung Fu.”If the he said comes after the quote, place the comma inside the quotation marks after the last word in the quotation.

“I’ll dance with you,” he said.

Commas in Quotations

If the he said comes in the middle of the quote, place the comma inside the quotation marks after the last word in the first part of the quote and after the he said.

“Put the box,” he said, “in the house.”

Practice

Classwork Exercise 6 P.610 1-5

Exercise 8 P.612 1-5

Homework Exercise 6 P.610 6-10

Exercise 8 P.612 6-10