1 Ward Page CPOF Program Manager DARPA Richard Hayes President Evidence Based Research www.ebrinc.com William Wright Principal Investigator DARPA CPOF Visual Insights Inc. By Permission Command Post of the Future imited Objective Experiment - One (LOE- Some Results
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Command Post of the Future Limited Objectives Experiment 1
ResultsSome Results
were provided by Ward Page and Dick Hayes.
Acknowledgement
Limited Objective Experiments
4th Infantry Division
Ft. Hood, TX
Disjointed data systems; fragmented pictures of the battlefield
No portrayal of uncertainties, inconsistencies or unknowns
Requires too many people, too much communication
Consequences
Incomplete, inaccurate understanding of the battlefield
Delayed decisions while waiting for more data, understanding
Mismatch between available data and Commander’s cognitive model.
*
Operational Impact
Faster and more complete exploration of available courses of action
More rapid and more accurate dissemination of commands
Smaller, More Mobile Command Structures
Fewer staff members
More mobile, distributed command organizations
Increased Span of Control
*
Command Post of the Future (CPOF) is a DARPA program that aims to:
Increase Speed and Quality of Command Decisions
Faster recognition and better understanding of changing battlefield situation
Faster and more complete exploration of available courses of action
Provide More Effective Dissemination of Commands
COA capture for dissemination of commander’s intent
Status and capability feedback from deployed operators
Enable Smaller, More Mobile and Agile Command Structures
More mobile, distributed command element
Smaller support tail & reduced deployment requirements
The goal of CPOF is to shorten the commander’s decision cycle to stay ahead of the adversary’s ability to react.
Command Post of the Future
*
Enabling a New Interface Metaphor for C2 After Next
Visualization and Human-Computer Interaction
*
Tailored Visualizations
Immediate Understanding
Data => Information => Knowledge
Intuitive visual presentations
Decision-Centered
Uncover battlespace patterns
Trial Matrix
Trial Conditions
MOE:
Quality of Pattern Recognition
Insurgency
Significant preparatory activity in Port-au-Prince
Military activity only in the North
Dormant South
Increase in preparatory activity (last 9 weeks)
Decrease in civil activity
Low level military activity
Very active recruiting
Arms shipment
CPOF strongest in complex situations
CPOF strongest in force-on-force situations
CPOF strongest in understanding adversary’s situation
Different Strengths Emerged from Alternative CPOF technologies
Treatment B strongest where force ratio is important in force-on-force scenarios
Treatment A strongest in overall sketch scores in insurgency situations
Treatment A strongest in overall Situation Awareness scores in insurgency situations
Significant Findings
Time Issues and Others
Some changes due to control scores getting worse rather than CPOF scores greatly improving
Time appeared to help in case where visualization technique introduced new concept
Longer viewing time did not always result in higher scores
Significant Findings (cont.)
CPOF Technologies performance improves for prompted
CPOF Technologies Significantly
Prompted
23.89
25.62
21.41
33.86
Interpretation
Better situation awareness (higher mean or x) in complex situations
Unprompted
Prompted
6.28
18.53
3.95
17.24
Significantly better situation awareness than Control for both prompted and unprompted in Force-on-Force situations
Control
Treatment B Vs. Control
Treatments A and B significantly outperformed control in representing enemy force information
Treatment A Vs. Control
*
Treatment B outperforms Treatment A in Overall Situation Awareness in Situation 13
15.93
15.00
22.93
12.21
14.85
12.06
29.66
12.71
s
Interpretation
that subjects stated was confusing.
Unprompted
Prompted
in Insurgency Situations
Overall Sketch Score
Prompted Situational Awareness
17.13
72.20
16.21
64.87
x
(Percent of instances where time did not help, when significant
differences between times were found)
Interpretation
*
*
CPOF experimental approach captures the strengths and weaknesses
CPOF technologies appear to improve subjects’ overall Situation Awareness when compared to traditional methods
CPOF experimental approach captures strengths and weaknesses of each treatment
Summary
Simple
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
135
Minutes
% Correct
were provided by Ward Page and Dick Hayes.
Acknowledgement
Limited Objective Experiments
4th Infantry Division
Ft. Hood, TX
Disjointed data systems; fragmented pictures of the battlefield
No portrayal of uncertainties, inconsistencies or unknowns
Requires too many people, too much communication
Consequences
Incomplete, inaccurate understanding of the battlefield
Delayed decisions while waiting for more data, understanding
Mismatch between available data and Commander’s cognitive model.
*
Operational Impact
Faster and more complete exploration of available courses of action
More rapid and more accurate dissemination of commands
Smaller, More Mobile Command Structures
Fewer staff members
More mobile, distributed command organizations
Increased Span of Control
*
Command Post of the Future (CPOF) is a DARPA program that aims to:
Increase Speed and Quality of Command Decisions
Faster recognition and better understanding of changing battlefield situation
Faster and more complete exploration of available courses of action
Provide More Effective Dissemination of Commands
COA capture for dissemination of commander’s intent
Status and capability feedback from deployed operators
Enable Smaller, More Mobile and Agile Command Structures
More mobile, distributed command element
Smaller support tail & reduced deployment requirements
The goal of CPOF is to shorten the commander’s decision cycle to stay ahead of the adversary’s ability to react.
Command Post of the Future
*
Enabling a New Interface Metaphor for C2 After Next
Visualization and Human-Computer Interaction
*
Tailored Visualizations
Immediate Understanding
Data => Information => Knowledge
Intuitive visual presentations
Decision-Centered
Uncover battlespace patterns
Trial Matrix
Trial Conditions
MOE:
Quality of Pattern Recognition
Insurgency
Significant preparatory activity in Port-au-Prince
Military activity only in the North
Dormant South
Increase in preparatory activity (last 9 weeks)
Decrease in civil activity
Low level military activity
Very active recruiting
Arms shipment
CPOF strongest in complex situations
CPOF strongest in force-on-force situations
CPOF strongest in understanding adversary’s situation
Different Strengths Emerged from Alternative CPOF technologies
Treatment B strongest where force ratio is important in force-on-force scenarios
Treatment A strongest in overall sketch scores in insurgency situations
Treatment A strongest in overall Situation Awareness scores in insurgency situations
Significant Findings
Time Issues and Others
Some changes due to control scores getting worse rather than CPOF scores greatly improving
Time appeared to help in case where visualization technique introduced new concept
Longer viewing time did not always result in higher scores
Significant Findings (cont.)
CPOF Technologies performance improves for prompted
CPOF Technologies Significantly
Prompted
23.89
25.62
21.41
33.86
Interpretation
Better situation awareness (higher mean or x) in complex situations
Unprompted
Prompted
6.28
18.53
3.95
17.24
Significantly better situation awareness than Control for both prompted and unprompted in Force-on-Force situations
Control
Treatment B Vs. Control
Treatments A and B significantly outperformed control in representing enemy force information
Treatment A Vs. Control
*
Treatment B outperforms Treatment A in Overall Situation Awareness in Situation 13
15.93
15.00
22.93
12.21
14.85
12.06
29.66
12.71
s
Interpretation
that subjects stated was confusing.
Unprompted
Prompted
in Insurgency Situations
Overall Sketch Score
Prompted Situational Awareness
17.13
72.20
16.21
64.87
x
(Percent of instances where time did not help, when significant
differences between times were found)
Interpretation
*
*
CPOF experimental approach captures the strengths and weaknesses
CPOF technologies appear to improve subjects’ overall Situation Awareness when compared to traditional methods
CPOF experimental approach captures strengths and weaknesses of each treatment
Summary
Simple
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
135
Minutes
% Correct
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