Combustion Catalysts

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Apr 7, 2023 SFA International, Inc. 2

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SFA Organo-Metallic Metal Products

Chromium – 8% CrMagnesium – 30% SulfonateMagnesium – 35% CarboxylateIron – 30% FerroceneIron – 9% Oil-Soluble CarboxylateIron – 18% Colloidal SuspensionSilicon – 38% Siloxanes


Metallic Fuel Additive Functions


Deposit Modifiers – Reduction of Deposits and Corrosion by Raising Melting Point of Ash

Combustion Catalysts – Reduction of Particulate Emissions and Improvement of Fuel Efficiency

Acid Rain – Reduction of Sulfuric Acid in Exhaust

SFA markets products used in fuel oil treatment plants and power plant applications

• Lubricity Agents• Demulsifiers for centrifuge fuel water

washing emulsion breaking• Flocculants for effluent water purification• Compressor and Power Section cleaners• Industrial cleaners


SFA Metal Containing Fuel Additives can be used in the following fuels


No. 1. NaphthaNo. 2. Light DistillateNo. 4. Vacuum DistillateNo. 5. Distillate – Residual MixturesNo. 6. Residual

Equipment Applications

• Combustion Turbines• Diesel Engines - Low Speed• Diesel Engines – Medium Speed• Diesel Engines – High Speed • Field-Erected Steam Boilers• Industrial Process Heaters• Package Steam Boilers


Combustion Turbine Experience

• ASEA Brown Boveri Type 9 and 11• ASEA-Stal Model 35• General Electric Frame 5, 6 and 7 (Including GE Licensees)• Kongsberg• Mitsui• Ruston• Sulzer• Westinghouse Model 248 and 501 (including Mitsubishi)


Catalyst Technology

• SFA International discovered a synergistic relationship between iron and magnesium giving up to 90% reduction in particulate emissions compared with <50% found in the literature.

• SFA catalysts have been used in industrial applications for more than thirteen years.

• SFA has five patents issued in the United States and thirty-four countries for protection of this new technology.


Patents Issued


Diesel Engine Applications Gasoline Engine Applications Boilers and Process Heaters – Oil FiredBoilers and Process Heaters – Coal FiredUnique Median Particle Size – for colloidal dispersion

Combustion Turbine Catalyst Experience


Siemens Westinghouse 501 D5 104 MW Siemens Westinghouse 501 F 150 MWSiemens Westinghouse 248 B11 44 MW

2004 Emission Data SummaryHHI Daeson Power Plant

Westinghouse 501 D5 104 MW Turbines


SFA FuelSpecR 118-1502, 50 ppm Fe dosageKorean government requirement: <40 mg./M3.Particulate level without catalyst: >160 mg./ M3.Particulate level with catalyst –

Turbine #1 #2 #3 #4High 18.1 18.2 22.7 22.0Low 10.3 8.1 5.4 9.5Average 13.8 12.4 13.4 14.4

Korean Institute of Energy Research Low Pressure Boiler with Low Sulfur Waxy Residual Fuel

50% Load


Test 1 2Catalyst, ppm Fe 0 50Particulates, mg/M3 189.3 29.7Improvement 84.3%

Korean Institute of Energy Research Low Pressure Boiler with Low Sulfur Waxy Residual Fuel

75% Load


Test 1 2Catalyst, ppm Fe 0 50Particulates, mg/M3 268.8 29.3Reduction 89.1%

Experience - Large Diesel EnginesMagnesium Additive for Deposit Modification


Coastal Energy Power Plant - Nejapa, El SalvadorWärtsilä V32 18 Cylinder 6 MW Turbocharged Diesel EnginesResidual Fuel - < 300 ppm V + NaLong Term Use - Eliminated Deposits on Piston Crowns and Exhaust Valve Seats

Transportation Diesel Fleet Tests


Automotive Trucks and Busses

Up to 8 Liter Displacement

Variable Power and RPM

Transportation Diesel Fleet Tests


Vehicle 1 2 3 4 5 6Without Catalyst

Km./Lit. 3.21 3.57 3.25 6.54 6.00 5.04With Catalyst

Km./Lit. 3.51 4.01 3.89 6.73 6.45 6.01% Improvement

9.4 12.3 19.7 2.9 7.4 19.2

Automotive Research Association Institute of India Calibrated Fuel Measurement Driving Test

Premier Padmini 137D


Km Liters Km/Lit. Improvement Without CatalystCity 256 26 9.85Highway 389 28 13.89

With CatalystCity 480 42 11.43 16.1%Highway 531 32.2 16.49 18.7%

Automotive Research Association Institute of India Dynamometer Results


Speed wo/Cat w/Cat. Improvement Km/Hr. Km/Lit. Km/Lit. 40 24.42 26.94 10.30%

Automotive Research Association of India


Carbon in Exhaust Measurements from AutomobileOn Dynamometer

• Fuel Consumption 10% less With Catalyst

• Same CO2 Measurement in Exhaust With and Without Catalyst.

• Conclusion: More Efficient Combustion of Fuel and Conversion to Energy

Southwest Research Institute

• Tx-LED Ultra Clean Diesel Fuel• 25% Engine Load• 74:40 Hour Test• 1.9% Reduction in Fuel Consumption• 11% Reduction in Particulate Matter• 3% Reduction in NOx• 0.6 ppm Sulfur in Fuel


Diesel Generator Set Constant Power and RPM

December 2002 – January 2003Kirloskar Cummins 180 KW Engine• 180 – 200 liters Fuel per Day• 8 Day Test – With Catalyst• 8 Day Test – Without Catalyst• Fuel consumption 18.1% less with catalyst


Data Sources


Southwest Research Institute - San Antonio, TX EcoMission Ford F-250 - Houston, TXTGS Locomotive - Houston, TXL & P RR - Lincoln, NHARAI - Pune, IndiaECP Bus Trial – Manama, Bahrain

Relationship of Sulfur and Fuel Savings with Catalyst


Relationship of Sulfur and Fuel Savings with Catalyst

Linear Regression Analysis of Data

% Fuel Savings = 2.70 x log ppm S + 2.59

Correlation Coefficient = 0.999


Catalyst Products


FuelSpec® 113 Series Oil-Soluble catalyst, EPA Registered, >1,000 ppm SFuelSpec® 114 Series Oil-Soluble catalyst, EPA Registered, <1,000 ppm SFuelSpec® 116 Series Oil-Soluble catalyst for > 1,000 ppm SFuelSpec® 117 Series Oil-Soluble catalyst for < 1,000 ppm SFuelSpec® 118 Series Colloidal Dispersion for large industrial applications

and lower quality fuelsFuelSpec® 119 Series Colloidal Dispersion for >10 MW Diesel Engines

Catalyst Applications


Oil Soluble Fe + Mg – Diesel fuelsGood Storage Stability in low viscosity fuelsLess Sensitivity to Water

Colloidal Dispersion Fe + Mg – Residual fuelsStable in high viscosity fuelsLower Cost for Industrial Applications

Economic Effects


FuelSpec® 116-1002 – 2.8% of Diesel fuel cost (Approximately $0.042/gallon)FuelSpec® 116-4509 – 2.0% of Diesel fuel cost (Approximately $0.030/gallon)FuelSpec® 118-1502 – 0.9% of Residual Oil cost (Approximately $0.012/gallon)

We guarantee 5% fuel savings.

Reduction in Fuel Consumption is Proportional to Reduction of Particulate Matter in Exhaust

Stochiometric Combustion Conditions2,000 Mg./Cu.M. Particulate EmissionsEquivalent to 11.3% of Fuel


Results

• Combustion is complete.• Less unburned carbon material in exhaust.• More energy from fuel.• Better fuel economy.• More Power.• Less Carbon in Reciprocating Engine Oil.


Environmental Effects

• Diesel Engine Fuel Savings – 5 – 15% Range• Particulate Emissions reduced by 90%• 75% NOx Reduction


Improves Combustion Efficiency

• Cleaner Burning Fuel• Tolerates Higher Wax and Asphaltenic Content• Reduces Emissions – Particulate Matter, Unburned

Hydrocarbons, CO, NOx - through more efficient use of oxygen in combustion and less time at maximum combustion temperature.


Metallic Combustion Catalysts

Metal catalysts contribute some particulate emissions from the oxides of the metals in the engine exhausts. The level of these emissions is well below government standards for emissions.

Iron and magnesium oxides are nontoxic and benign to life forms.Iron and magnesium oxides are very high melting species and do not harm

engines through deposits or abrasion.Catalyst adds 17 ppm solids to fuel. ASTM D-975 specification limit is 100

ppm solids.


Catalyst Contribution to Diesel Engine Emissions

• 0.0064 mg/kW hr contribution by Fe2O3 + MgO at 10 ppm Fe and 2 ppm Mg

• Euro III - 0.10 mg/kW Hr < 3,000 rpm • 0.13 mg/kW Hr > 3,000 rpm

• Transportation Research Laboratories, Ltd. (U.K.) confirmed this measurement.


Engine Maintenance

• Minimize Deposits and Wear on Piston Crown and Valve Seats

• Less Carbon - Longer Oil Life


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Contact PersonStreet Address / P.O. BoxCity, State, Zip CodeTel: XXX-XXX-XXXXFax: XXX-XXX-XXXXEmail: [email protected] Site: www.DistributorWebSite.com


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