COMBINING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AND A HEAT …COMBINING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AND A HEAT PUMP CYCLE IN A TEST PLANT FOR REVERSIBLE STORAGE OF ENERGY Daniel Steger, M. Sc. 16

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COMBINING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AND A HEAT PUMP CYCLE IN A TEST PLANT FOR REVERSIBLE STORAGE OF ENERGY

Daniel Steger, Christoph Regensburger, Bernd Eppinger,Stefan Will, Jürgen Karl, Eberhard Schlücker

5th International Seminar on

ORC Power Systems

September 9-11. 2019

Athens, Greece


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece

COMBINING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AND A HEAT PUMP

CYCLE IN A TEST PLANT FOR REVERSIBLE STORAGE OF ENERGY

Daniel Steger, M. Sc. 2

Concept of Combined HP-ORC (1)


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Concept of Combined HP-ORC (2)


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Parameter Optimization

Fluid Properties

Lubrication Concepts

HP ORC Pilot Plant

Overview


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Upper and Lower Storage Temperature

• storage temperature rise 90°C to 120°C • storage temperature rise 90°C to 160°C


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




PtP-Efficiency and Storage Capacity (1)

GebenSiehiereineFormelein.

=𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡𝐸𝑖𝑛

=𝑄𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐸𝑖𝑛

∙𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝑄𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑= 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃 ∙ η𝑂𝑅𝐶𝑃𝑡𝑃

𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑄𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 ∙ η𝑂𝑅𝐶

𝑄𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝑚 ∙ ഥ𝑐𝑝 ∙ Δ𝑇 = 𝑚 ∙𝑐𝑝,𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 + 𝑐𝑝,𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

2∙ (𝑇𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)

Sto

rage

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Sto

rage

FE


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Assumptions and Simulation Basis

100 110 120 130 140 150 160

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

Un

tere

s T

em

pe

ratu

rniv

ea

u [°C

]

Oberes Temperaturniveau [°C]

• constant waste heat temperature: 90°C

• max. upper storage temperature: 160°C

• upper storage temp. > lower storage temp.

• MATLAB steady state simulation

• Isentropic efficiency of 0.7 assumed

• no pressure losses, no heat losses assumed

upper storage temperature / °C

low

er

sto

rag

e te

mp

era

ture

/ °

C


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




PtP-Efficiency and Storage Capacity (2) (for R1233zd(E))


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Contrary Numbers (for R1233zd(E))

• Rises with decreasing upper temperature

• Rises with decreasing lower temperature


𝑃𝑡𝑃

• Rises with increasing upper temperature

• Rises with decreasing lower temperature 𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Pareto Optimization (1) (for R1233zd(E))

• Pareto Optimal Points form a typical frontier

• for every point beneath the frontier can be found a

better solution

within the frontier there is no rating

possible without other information


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Pareto Optimization (2) (other fluids)

40 50 60 70 80

0

2

4

6

8

10

ele

ctr

ical sto

rage c

apacity / k

Wh/t

power-to-power efficiency / %

R 123

40 50 60 70 80

0

2

4

6

8

10

ele

ctr

ical sto

rage c

apacity / k

Wh/t


Cyclopentane

40 50 60 70 80

0

2

4

6

8

10

ele

ctr

ical sto

rage c

apacity / k

Wh/t


Novec 649

40 50 60 70 80

0

2

4

6

8

10

ele

ctr

ical sto

rage c

apacity / k

Wh/t


R 365 mfc

R123

Novec649

Cyclo-pentane

R365


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Fluid Selection Criteria

• low GWP, zero ODP

• toxicity, flammability

• availability, costs


• pressure levels, temperature levels

• compression /expansion ratio

• effects on mass flow



ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Enthalpy of Vaporization

𝑓𝑜𝑟 Δ𝐻𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡.

ሶ𝑚𝑣𝑎𝑝~1

∆ℎ𝑣𝑎𝑝

Fluid Enthalpy of Vaporization @ 120°C

Cyclopentane 326.90 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

R 365 mfc 139.20 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

R 1233 zd(E) 123.44 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

R 123 113.67 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Novec 649 61.31 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Lubrication of a Combined Machine

HP ORC

HP-ORC


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Lubrication Concepts

two machines / one separator


𝐻𝑃 − 𝑂𝑅𝐶 2

two machines / two serial separators



two machines / two parallel separators




ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Conclusion

Upper and lower storage temperature are crucial factors, Pareto optimization is a useful tool

A fluids enthalpy of vaporization significantly influences the apparatus costs

Lubrication of a combined machine is under further investigation

A HP-ORC pilot plant is under construction, start-up is scheduled for spring 2020


ORC Power Systems


Athens, Greece




Daniel Steger, M. Sc.

Institute of Process Machinery

and Systems Engineering

Friedrich-Alexander Universität

Erlangen Nürnberg

I am

lookin

g f

orw

ard

to furt

her

dis

cussio

ns,

ple

ase c

onta

ct

me!

Outlook

COMBINING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AND A HEAT …COMBINING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AND A HEAT PUMP CYCLE IN A TEST PLANT FOR REVERSIBLE STORAGE OF ENERGY Daniel Steger, M. Sc. 16

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