COMBINED CYCLE PLANT FUNDAMENTALS AND EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW
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COMBINED CYCLE PLANT FUNDAMENTALS AND EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW
COMBINED CYCLE PLANT FUNDAMENTALS AND EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW
Session - 1: General
1. Combined Cycle- Definition and General Overview
2. Cycle Energy Relationship
3. Equipment and Auxiliary System Overview
Session - 2: Performance
1. Factors affecting Performanee
2. Optimization Issues
3. Environmental Issues
Session - 3: Plant Design Issues
1. Site Selection
2. Power Island Equipment
3. Balance of Plant Equipment
4. Part Load Operation
Session - 4: IGCC and Repowering
1. IGCC Application and Issues
2. Repowering Application and Issues
3. Question/ Answer and General Discussions
Session - 1: General
1. Combined Cycle- Definition and General Overview
0 What is a Combined Cycle ?
0 Why Combined Cycle ?
Various Types Of Combined Cycle Plants
2. Cycle Energy Relationship
0 Utilization of Useful Energy
0 Comparison with Conventional Rankine Cycle
3. Equipment and Auxiliary System Overview
0 Major Components - Power Island
0 Major Components - Balance Of Plant
Layout
AIR FUEL
TURBINE
COMPRESSOR + ' EXPANDER b
GAS TURBINE
I STEIM
-r OEAERATOR d
CONDENSATE PUMP
TYPICAL COMBINED .CYCLE CON Fl G U RAT1 ON m v-4 I
4 I >
V-1-15
AIR
WATER
COMPRESSOR
DUCT BURNER
GAS TURBINE
BOOSTER PUMP
I PUMP I
EXHAUST
HEAT RECOVERY
STEAM GENERATOR
BOILER FEED
ALTERNATIVE COMBINED CYCLE CONFIGURATION
A I R OR OXYGEN
GASIFICATION/COMBUSTION TURBINE SYSTEM
i
. '
t ASH
COMPRESSOR BLEED AIR*
OPTIONAL HEAT
RECOVERY RIITT.??R
SY NGAS FUEL
GAS TURBINE
I PARTICULATES CONTAMINANTS
I A I R
*For air-blown gasifier only
' I i I-~OMPRESSOR
CYCLE ENEROY RELATIONSHIPS
100 BTU
BIFW
50- BTU
I t 10
SO BTU{ ' IS0 11110
I To PROCCSS
BACK-PRESSURE TURBINE) (HAY INCLUDE A
SYSTW SIMPLE CYCLE CT (NO HEAT RECOVERY) -.---____.___._____.___I
CT + PROCESS S T E M COMBINED CYCLE - FULL STH CONDENSATION
COMBINED CYCLE - PARTIAL STH CONDENSATION
VI 1 O B T U t3. 40 BTU RUECT HEAT
ENERGY VTILIZATION EFFICIENCY ( X )
30
80 40 -9
40-80
L
Session - 2: Performance
1. Factors affecting Performance
0 Ambient Condition
0 Elevation
0 Inlet / Exhaust Pressures
0 Other Factors
2. Optimization Issues
0 Reheat vs. Non-Reheat
0 Steam Pressure
0 Condenser Vacuum
0 Inlet Cooling
0 Fuel Pre-Heating
0 Power Augmentation (Steam / Water Injection, Supplemental firing)
3. Environmental Issues
0 Stack Emissions
0 Thermal Discharge
0 Waste Discharge
0 Noise
3 '
EXAMPLE PERFORMANCE CORRECTION. FACTORS AT FULL LOAD
z u) W
P a 8 2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
1.031 W 3
>
INLET& ("H20)
i, I
.70' 0 1 1 3 4 5 6 7 I I t I I I I
ALTITUDE (THOUSAND FT.)
'*03 t W
.. t
" _
12
11
101
90
80 1= 0 -c 4 n E I v) 70 E 0 u c)
#
50
40
30
20
* . . .
. . i . . . ,
. 4 . .
. . ..l .. . !. . ' . . - & . . - . . -
0 20 40 60 80 100 i 20 -- - % Generator Output 51 W 8 3 2
CE Samson 10-31/90 % Generator Out?ut
POWER STATION
b
Notes:
Ertlrnrtad STAQ 1 O l f A COmbhd Cycle Unlt Pert Lord Porformrnco
I 3. NOX u o t m n t to 25 p i t . r e f . 1% oxygon 4. krbient tnperature = 9 5 F
b
I 1. ~uoi = Wturai ~t 2. m i e n ) Pressuro i 14.7 6sia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Percent of Rating Point Power Output
5 16HA 829
'L
4)
7 . . , * . i , . . . -_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . + . . "It-i : . . , -. . * . . I
. - - . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . - . . . . . _-. . . , !
iii t-
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w 1 . - - . ~ : -..: i: . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ,&bient Tenperatuie, :F : . . . . . . . . . t '
2 . . . . ! .
. . t
.- . .Effect. o f Compressor lnlef Temnerature' on : - - ! . . . . -.. ---.
. . I : . . . Output, Heat .Rate; Heat Consumption, Exhaust . I . .
. - . --- . , . . .
I . . . . . . . . . ! - 1 . _ . i . . - 1m---
. I . . -
. t . . . ------- -- .. . . . . . . . . . . ---- - I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. - .. , . .
.- --- 1 3u t 3 U t .f -. ..i .-
i c
CE Samson 10-31-90 516HA83 5
1 . I . _
E PI
. v
p. - baa--.-
. . _..- .-.
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. . . _ . . . !
. .-. .--. 1120 . . t
u,
. . . . . i . . . . . .- . . . .
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. I I
?
I
. . . . --- . . . . . . . . - i
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. . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . - 1 . . . . + . .-._.. . I
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. . . . . . . ...- .... . . . . . . . . t - . . I . . - - 1 5 - .
. . . . . -- ----- ._. _--- -. ----_c- . . . . ; . . .------ . . . . . . . . . . - . i -
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . ' 1 ' . . , i i . . . - . . I . . . . . . .*. . . . . . . . ,. . .
t t t ec t .o t compressorS7'ZtTTemperature on : ..... Output, Heat Rate, Heat Consumptidn, Exhaust flow - -_.- - --- - d"d'~Extidir3.t-remjer~tu.re~ a t Base x'j--d.-- -----A . . . . . . .--.-.---
.- ~ . . . . .-.-__- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- ............... _._ . . . . . . . I
. - *- --- . 1207- I
516~433 3
. . . . - ..._ ...._
. . . . . I I I . I . . . . . . . . . I I
QI L)
c) I
. . . . _ _ . _ _ _._.. STAG 107FA Estimated Combined Cycle U n i t
__. ...----- Output and Heat Rate Variation with "Amblent Tempixatute -'- - - -- - - --.- - 1 . .
I w rc1 0
..... .- . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- ........ . . . . . . . . . . -.-----.---I .. -_-- . .
20 39 40 50 63 71) e0 90 1 oc
- 133
c__-
40-
. . - . -
- ____ _ . _ , _ _ _ _ _ l __.._-___.-._ ............. ...-- 2 . ------I-.------- Ambient 'Pressure = 14.7 QS i
.- . .. - * - .......... . - . 3 . ___.. !4Ox . = 25 ppmvd Ref. 15; Q2 _ _ _ - - . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 1 6HA8 3 0
, A
. . . . ----..- ~ .- *-. . . - . .
. . . . . . . . . . . !
. . . I
I i ! i . . --.-- ..-- --- .-- ---. . . ; . .
1 . - i . . . . - I
. i 1 I . f . . f ! - :
- -- . . . . . . . t ' . . - - . . - I . . .
. ( . . .
. . ... . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - . I .....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f . . . . ..,.-. . . 1 .-
. . ---. . I . . . . . - . . . . . ; ! . . ' i ...-..-... 1 _ _ . . - - *- ' : . : . ] : ::: .._.-_-- -.-.--- .--*--. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! I . . - .
! ! : : I . . . . . . . * .
* . . . . . 1. . . . ; ' : : i
. . -4 - . _ I - . . . ' f
. . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.- , i - . .
. . . . . . . . . . - , .............. _- ._ . . , --- ....... 4- ..... - f 2,': : . :" . .- -.,
4 ..... -. , -..-.. . .,..- - -...-.-. 4 ..--.-.. ......... . . . . ! - - - - _ - I . . . . . . . . . . . .-.-- . . .. - . I . . . I ...... -. . . . . . . . 1 -.
CCI C-fW- .---A-
0 . . ......... ! . . . . . ...... I . . . -.. . . . I 1 . - . - - - 1 . - _ I ... .. -* . . . . . .- ; . - - . . . . . I . - - - - . - . - - . & . . . . . .
. . .. . . . . . . . . ,.... . . . - . . . . . .
fO 20 30
- - --+ - --- h b i e n t Air Temperature F . .
. . . ...... I . . . . . .
Y 13 n 13 0 --
. . . ; .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . - . . . . I . . :::.:*. i L . . . . i..- . . . : --.. . . . . . . . . . . . - . . ' . . ! . . . . . . . . .- -. . . . . . . . . . . . i - - - d- ! . . - ~
. . . . -. ..... -
. - .
. . . . . . . . . . 1 - I
1
. . ..... : . . . . : . . . - - . I . . - . ,..- ~ : - .- . 1 i .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1df3- -~ 1 -- ~~ I . . . . - . . A . . .
0
CE Samson 10-30/90 51 53.483 1
10
n f!
E 0
B pc
PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION DUE TO COtfPRESSOR/TUREINE FOULIN0
.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
OCTAVE BAN!) CENTER FREQUENCY H Z
CC)V.!!ARISO!J OF IS0 !!OISE RATING (NB) AND PREDICTED COWlUNITY P,ESPOYSE CLASSES
RANGE OF PREDICTED COMMUNITY RESPONSE,
discussion. I t . A few sponlaneous complakrlr can be obrrwod.
Usually Ihese complJnti aro made lo other rosldent& - and are deteclrd o d y by careful observation.
m Sporadic rponlaneous Individual complainir io noire- aource operalorr or 40 olficlalr. Llmlted or Irmular In number. time and area of orlgln.
a Wdorpreed Indlvldual complelm rylulrrfy r.ce1-d from all noiswxpowd arms.
I 1 I I 8 . 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8060 8
Session - 3: Plant Desipn Issues
1. Site Selection
Fuel Supply
0 Water Supply
0 Electricity Dispatch
0 Environmental
2. Power Island Equipment
0 Combustion Turbine Generator (CTG)
0 Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)
0 Steam Turbine Generator (STG)
0 Other Major Equipment
3. Balance of Plant Equipment
0 Cooling System
0 Fuel System
0 Make-up Water and Water Treatment
0 Waste Treatment
0 Other Equipment and Systems
4. Part Load Operation
0 Single Unit Configuration
0 Multiple Unit Configuration
r c- 740 z w w 130 - 4 . a a m 120 u a
w 2 100
W
g 110 Z C
2 5 W R 9 0 - Q
80 J
8 1 - - - . 1 FURTHER GT CrRING RFDUCT - , - i a a a a a a a ~ r a FIRING GT TO PEAK RATING a + P " **
v ** ' %* '*, \, ** ** %*
@ % ** -
%* .** - -e.* 44-*.,* 44* -*8##rry
0 0 c9 -
I J 1 I I 1 I I I I I I
Basis: I. 59"Fsea level IS0 site. -
- -
2. 3. 4.
No. 2 distillate fuel oil. Base ne: plant output 427MW. Base net plant heat 'rate 8,080 Btu/kWh HHV 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicates number of gas turbines in operation.
X Gas turbine operation a t base rating. Gas turbine operation a t peak rating.
GT - gas turbine HHV - higher heating valve IGV - inlet guide vane I S 0 - International Standards Organization
PART LOAD PERFORMANCE IMPACT
Session - 4: IGCC and Repowering
1. IGCC Application and Issues
0 Overview
0 Layout
Performance
0 Cost and Other Issues
2. Repowering Application and Issues
0 Overview
Layout
Performance
Cost and Other Issues
3. Question / Answer and General Discussions
V-1-75
0 0 0 0
GASIFIER, COAL PILE, 0 2 PLANT
COOLING TOWER
GT- GAS TURBINE HRSG - HEAT RECOVERY
ST- STEAM TURBINE STEAM GENERATOR
1 r - = = - - - - - - I I I I I I I I
I I I I
SUBSTATION
COAL GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE PLANT
U Y N U
TYPICAL PLANT PERFORMANCE
Performance Simpk Corn bined CGCC
Cross Power, MW 233 402 402
Auxiliary Power, MW 2 9 45
Net Heat Rate, Btu/kWh (HHV) 12,000 8,165 9,574
Net Plant Efficiency 28.4 41.8 35.6 (HHV)
Stack Temperature, OF 1,007 310 . 322
Steam Pressure1 Temperature psiPF
CGCC - coal gasification combined cycle HHV - higher heating value
V-1-76
CC- COMBINED CYCLE CGCC- COAL GASIFICATION COMBINED CYCLE GT- GAS TURBINE
r - I
GT-1
r-- I I I I I
- - J
cc r - - - - - - - 7 I CGCC L u g , r I
I I I I I I I
.J
MODULE
- 500
- 400
0 0
- 300 5 z
r
v, - 3 C 0
- I-
- 200 5
- 100
3,
PHASING EFFECT ON OUTPUT AND COST
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