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COMMUNICATION MODELCOMMUNICATION MODEL
The way weThe way we
CommunicateCommunicate
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What is Communication?What is Communication?
The process ofThe process of
sendin andsendin and
re!iewinre!iewin
messaes tomessaes to
share meanins"share meanins"
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E#ements of the Mode#E#ements of the Mode#
$ender % $pea&er$ender % $pea&er
'ecei!er % Listener'ecei!er % Listener
MessaesMessaes(eed)ac&(eed)ac&
EncodinEncodin
DecodinDecodin
InterferenceInterference
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Two &inds of MessaesTwo &inds of Messaes
*er)a# %*er)a# %
usin wordsusin words+!o#ume!o#ume
+tonetone
Non%*er)a#Non%*er)a#
+ appearanceappearance
+ esturesestures+ )ody)ody
mo!ementmo!ement
+ eye contacteye contact+ spatia# re#ationsspatia# re#ations
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What is (eed)ac&?What is (eed)ac&?
'eaction of the'eaction of the
recei!er to therecei!er to the
sender,ssender,smessae"messae"
Te##s the senderTe##s the sender
how to send thehow to send thene-t messae"ne-t messae"
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EncodinEncodin
.ow the sender decides.ow the sender decides
to send the messaesto send the messaes)ased on /'EDICTION$)ased on /'EDICTION$
or prior &now#edeor prior &now#ede
a)out the recei!era)out the recei!er
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DecodinDecodin
App#yin meanin andApp#yin meanin and
understandin theunderstandin themessae that has )eenmessae that has )een
sentsent
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InterferenceInterferenceE-terna#E-terna#
+ outside in0uences that a1ectoutside in0uences that a1ect
communicationcommunication
+ noisy room2 airp#ane o!erheadnoisy room2 airp#ane o!erhead
Interna#Interna#
+inside in0uences that a1ect communicationinside in0uences that a1ect communication+ pre3udices2 an-iety2 worrypre3udices2 an-iety2 worry
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Channe#s ofChanne#s ofCommunicationCommunication
Channe#s are the sensesChanne#s are the senses
you use in communicationyou use in communication.ear.ear
$ee$eeTouchTouch
# f f i
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Le!e#s of InformationLe!e#s of Information
4Encodin 5 /redictin4Encodin 5 /redictin
reactions6reactions6Cu#tura# % Litt#e info" A)out recei!erCu#tura# % Litt#e info" A)out recei!er
$ocio#oica# % $ome enera# info"$ocio#oica# % $ome enera# info"
A)out the recei!er"A)out the recei!er"
Indi!idua# % /ersona# &now#ede ofIndi!idua# % /ersona# &now#ede of
the recei!er"the recei!er"
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urposes oCommunicationCommunication
7enera#7enera#+
$ocia#$ocia#ContactContact
+ $e#f%Esteem$e#f%Esteem
+ 7ain 8 $hare7ain 8 $hare&now#ede&now#ede
$peci9c$peci9c
+ E-chane Info"E-chane Info"
+ E-ertin Contro#E-ertin Contro#+ (o##owin $ocia#(o##owin $ocia#
ru#esru#es
+ $harin (ee#ins$harin (ee#ins
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What is /erception?What is /erception?
/rocess of 9#terin/rocess of 9#terin
and interpretinand interpretin
what your senseswhat your senseste## you so you cante## you so you can
create a meaninfu#create a meaninfu#
picture of the wor#d"picture of the wor#d"
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$teps in /erception$teps in /erception
$omethin a1ects the$omethin a1ects the
sensessenses+see: hear: taste: sme##: touchsee: hear: taste: sme##: touch
interpret the sensation 4i!einterpret the sensation 4i!e
meanin to it6meanin to it6
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Di1erences in /erceptionDi1erences in /erception
come from;come from;
/hysica#/hysica#
Di1erencesDi1erences
/ast/ast
E-periences2E-periences2
)ac&round)ac&round
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Di1erences in perceptionDi1erences in perception
come from;come from;
/resent/resent
fee#ins2fee#ins2
circumstancescircumstances
Di1erences inDi1erences inusinusin
informationinformation
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Di1erences in /erceptionDi1erences in /erception
come from;come from;
Di1erencesDi1erences
inine-pectatioe-pectatio
nsns
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*er)a# Communication*er)a# Communication
Uses words; sym)o#s that representUses words; sym)o#s that represent
thins )ut are not the thinsthins )ut are not the thins
themse#!es"themse#!es"
Why #anuae chanes; the wor#dWhy #anuae chanes; the wor#d
is chanin" New ideas andis chanin" New ideas and
in!entions need words to descri)ein!entions need words to descri)e
them"them"
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Meanins of WordsMeanins of Words
Denotati!e Meanin%%%de9nitionDenotati!e Meanin%%%de9nition
found in the dictionaryfound in the dictionary
Connotati!e Meanin%%%e!erydayConnotati!e Meanin%%%e!eryday
meanin2 emotiona# or persona#meanin2 emotiona# or persona#response to a wordresponse to a word
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*er)a# $trateies that*er)a# $trateies that
a1ect communicationa1ect communication
E-c#udeE-c#ude
Inc#udeInc#ude
/ut Down/ut Down
>ui#d Up>ui#d Up
'e!ea# $e#f'e!ea# $e#f Concea# $e#fConcea# $e#f
A## of theseA## of these
!er)a#!er)a#
strateies arestrateies are
simi#ar to thesimi#ar to the
non!er)a#non!er)a#
strateiesstrateies
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Non!er)a# CommunicationNon!er)a# Communication
$endin and 'ecei!in$endin and 'ecei!in
messaes without the use ofmessaes without the use of
words" In!o#!es;words" In!o#!es;
appearance: estures:appearance: estures:
posture: eye contact: facia#posture: eye contact: facia#e-pressions: spatia# re#ations:e-pressions: spatia# re#ations:
and time"and time"
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Most communication isMost communication is
NON*E'>ALNON*E'>AL
55%
7%
38%
FacialExpressions
VerbalExpression
Vocal
Expression
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Non!er)a# CommunicationNon!er)a# Communication
Intentiona# %Intentiona# %
usinusin
non!er)a#non!er)a#
techniues totechniues to
supportsupport!er)a#!er)a#
messae4s6messae4s6
Accidenta# %Accidenta# %
non!er)a#non!er)a#
messaes sent thatmessaes sent thatthe sender isthe sender is
unaware of )ut sti##unaware of )ut sti##
communicate acommunicate amessae" Canmessae" Can
contradict !er)a#scontradict !er)a#s
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Ne!er sayNe!er sayanythin thatanythin that
cannot impro!ecannot impro!e
upon si#enceupon si#ence
oca ues asoca ues as
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oca ues asoca ues asNon!er)a#sNon!er)a#s
/itch%%%the hihness or #owness of/itch%%%the hihness or #owness of
!oice!oice
'ate%%%how s#ow#y or uicy a person'ate%%%how s#ow#y or uicy a personta#&sta#&s
*o#ume%%%#oudness or softness of !oice*o#ume%%%#oudness or softness of !oice
@ua#ity%%%sound of the !oice@ua#ity%%%sound of the !oice
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Non!er)a#s Can;Non!er)a#s Can;
'epeat'epeat
supportsupportcontradictcontradict
rep#acerep#acereu#atereu#ate
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$patia# 'e#ations$patia# 'e#ations Intimate space%%%up to B feet2 huin:Intimate space%%%up to B feet2 huin:
te##in secretste##in secrets
/ersona# space%%% B to feet2 uiet/ersona# space%%% B to feet2 uiet
con!ersationcon!ersation$ocia# space%%% to feet2 roup$ocia# space%%% to feet2 roup
discussionsdiscussions
/u)#ic space%%%o!er feet2 ca##in or/u)#ic space%%%o!er feet2 ca##in orwa!inwa!in
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ListeninListenin
AccurateAccurate
'ecei!in'ecei!in
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.earin !s" Listenin.earin !s" Listenin
.earin %.earin %
physica#physica#a)i#ity toa)i#ity to
pic& uppic& up
soundsoundwa!es"wa!es"
Listenin % Listenin %
stepssteps
+hearhear
+interpretinterpret
+understandunderstand
+reca##reca##
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>arriers to Listenin>arriers to Listenin
Interna# DistractionsInterna# Distractions
E-terna# DistractionsE-terna# Distractions
/ersona# >iases/ersona# >iases
Con0ictin DemandsCon0ictin Demands
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Acti!e Listenin;Acti!e Listenin;
$tay Tuned In$tay Tuned In
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Most peop#eMost peop#e
wou#d ratherwou#d ratherTAL< than LI$TENTAL< than LI$TEN
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We understand F wordsWe understand F words
per minuteGper minuteG
We spea& on#y H wordsWe spea& on#y H words
per minute"per minute"
.ow can we stay focused.ow can we stay focused
durin the wastedJ time?durin the wastedJ time?
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$tayin Tuned in; Acti!e$tayin Tuned in; Acti!e
ListeninListenin
'ead'ead
non!er)a#snon!er)a#s
A!oidA!oiddistractionsdistractions
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$tayin Tuned In; Acti!e$tayin Tuned In; Acti!e
ListeninListenin
App#y theApp#y the
ideas toideas to
yourse#fyourse#f/araphrase/araphrase
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Kou can ne!er NOTKou can ne!er NOT
communicatecommunicate
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$e#f%Concept$e#f%Concept
>e#iefs a)out who you are>e#iefs a)out who you are
)ased on perceptions:)ased on perceptions:
e-pectations: and others,e-pectations: and others,
reactionsreactions
(ormed ear#y in #ife(ormed ear#y in #ife$tatic%%%.ard to chane$tatic%%%.ard to chane
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$e#f Concept and $e#f%$e#f Concept and $e#f%
EcacyEcacy
Those with poor se#f%Those with poor se#f%
concept wi## comp#ete tas&sconcept wi## comp#ete tas&s
that are too EA$K or toothat are too EA$K or too
.A'D.A'D
$e#f%ecacy is your )e#ief$e#f%ecacy is your )e#iefon what you can doon what you can do
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What you need to &nowWhat you need to &now
for the testGGGfor the testGGG
