Columna de Absorcion de Gases (UOP7) Marca ARMFIELD

7/22/2019 Columna de Absorcion de Gases (UOP7) Marca ARMFIELD

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1 ANTECEDENTES.....................................................................................................2

2 DESCRIPCIN DEL EQUIPO..................................................................................5

2.1 Caractersticas tcnicas .......................................................................................53 PRACTICA 1 ...........................................................................................................!

3.1 O"#ETI$O..........................................................................................................!3.2 %ATERIALES....................................................................................................!3.3 PROCEDI%IENTO.............................................................................................!

3.3.1 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e +as...................................................................1,3.3.2 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e '-*i(.............................................................113.3.3 C&'c*'s......................................................................................................12

3./ PRE0UNTAS....................................................................................................13/ PRACTICA 2.........................................................................................................1/

/.1 O"#ETI$O........................................................................................................1//.2 %ATERIALES..................................................................................................1//.3 PROCEDI%IENTO...........................................................................................1/

/.3.1 C&'c*'s......................................................................................................1/./ PRE0UNTAS....................................................................................................2,

1


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1 ANTECEDENTES

%*cs )ateria'es *ti'ia(s en 'a in(*stria -*)ica se enc*entran en 4r)a (e )ec'as en

4ase +asesa '-*i(a s6'i(a. Us*a')ente se 7nen en cntact 4ases (e (i4erente nat*ra'ea

7ara se7arar *n (e 's c)7nentes (e 'a )ec'a ri+ina' a7r8ecan( (i4erencias en

a'+*na 7r7ie(a( en es7ecia'. Las 4ases en cntact 7(ran ser 7r e9e)7' +as:'-*i(

+as:s6'i( '-*i(:'-*i( etc.

D*rante e' cntact (e 'as (s 4ases 's c)7nentes (e e''as se re(istri;*C? c) s'8ente. La s'*ci6n a)niac:a+*a

-*e se ;tiene a' 4ina' (e 'a 7eraci6n 7*e(e ser se7ara(a 7r (esti'aci6n < as ;tener

a)niac re'ati8a)ente 7*r. E9e)7's (e i)7rtancia in(*stria' sn 'a re)ci6n (e (i6@i(

(e a*4re (e crrientes +asesas *ti'ian( s'*cines a'ca'inas 'a rec*7eraci6n (e CO n s*)inistra(? c'ca( 9*nt a 'a c'*)na. Este +as 7asa a tra8s (e *n

)e(i(r (e 4'*9 (e &rea 8aria;'e ca'i;ra( < se )ec'a cn *n 4'*9 (e aire ta);in (eca*(a' cnci( -*e 7r8iene (e *n c)7resr +iratri sit*a( en e' ;asti(r. La re'aci6n

(e +as a aire (e 'a )ec'a -*e entra en 'a c'*)na es 7r tant cnci(a < es 4&ci')ente

8aria;'e. La )ec'a (e +as entra 7r e' 4n( (e 'a c'*)na ascien(e a tra8s (e' 'ec

(ens < se cntrae en cntracrriente cn e' '-*i( -*e (escien(e 7r 'a c'*)na.

Uns 7*nts (e )*estre (e 7resi6n en 'a ;ase e' centr < 'a ca;ea (e 'a c'*)na 7er)iten

re+istrar 'a ca(a (e 7resi6n en 'a c'*)na *san( )an6)etrs. Ests 7*nts (e )*estre

ta);in 4recen *n )e(i 7ara e@traer )*estras (e +as (e 'a c'*)na. E' cnteni( en

(i6@i( (e car;n (e 'as )*estras (e +as se (eter)ina *san( *n a7arat (e e)7'. Lsca*(a')etrs 's )an6)etrs < e' e-*i7 (e an&'isis (e +as 8an )nta(s en *n 7ane'

traser 8ertica' a *na a't*ra c6)(a 7ara 'a 7eraci6n. >Bi+*ra 2 .2?

2.1 Caractr!"tica" t#cnica"

Ca7aci(a( (e' tan-*e (e a'i)entaci6n= 5,, 'itrs

Di&)etr (e 'a c'*)na= ,,!5)

$'*)en (e' re''en= !, 'itrs

A't*ra (e 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n= 1/)

Ti7 (e re''en= Ani''s Rasci+ 1,@1,))

Ca7aci(a( (e' c)7resr (e aire= ,15)3F)in a ,3;ar

Ca7aci(a( (e 'a ;);a (e a'i)entaci6n (e 'a c'*)na=

Inter8a' (e' )e(i(r (e' 4'*9 (e aire= 2, :1G, 'F)in.

Inter8a' (e' )e(i(r (e' 4'*9 (e +as= 1, :22, 'F)in.

Inter8a' (e' )e(i(r (e' 4'*9 (e a+*a= 1,:1,, 'F)in

5


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Figura 2.2 Es-*e)a (e' e-*i7 (e a;srci6n


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3 PRACTICA $1

3.1 O%&ETI'O

O7erar *na c'*)na (e a;srci6n ta)aH 'a;ratri 7ara ca'c*'ar 'a 8e'ci(a( (e

a;srci6n (e (i6@i( (e car;n en a+*a.

Ca'c*'ar 'as c)7sicines (e 'as crrientes (e +as < '-*i( (e 'a c'*)na (e

a;srci6n.

3.2 (ATERIALES

Crn6)etr

%ascari''as cntra +ases

Lentes (e se+*ri(a( G )atraces er'er)e


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Figura 3.3 L'ena( (e 's )atraces

/. Para 7re7arar esta s'*ci6n es necesari -*e c'-*e 32, + (e ssa c&*stica en /,

'itrs (e a+*a (esti'a(a.

5. $eri4i-*e -*e 'as 8&'8*'as (e cntr' (e +as C2< Cestn cerra(as >8er Bi+*ra 3 .

/?.

. E)7ear a en8iar e' '-*i( a tra8s (e 'a trre 7ara ' c*a' es necesari -*e

encien(a 'a ;);a (e a'i)entaci6n (e a+*a >8er Bi+*ra 3 ./?.

Figura 3.4 Interr*7tres (e 'a c'*)na

!. A9*ste e' 4'*9 (e a+*a -*e circ*'a 7r 'a c'*)na en a7r@i)a(a)ente

'itrsF)in*t >8erBi+*ra 3 .5? 7r )e(i (e 'a 8&'8*'a C1.

G

Interruptor dela bomba deagua

Vlvula C2

Vlvula C3

Vlvula C4

Interruptor delcompresor deaire


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Figura 3.) Rt&)etrs

G. Encien(a e' c)7resr < a9*ste 'a 8&'8*'a (e cntr' C27ara -*e e' 4'*9 (e aire sea

(e a7r@i)a(a)ente 3, 'itrsF)in*t >8er Bi+*ra 3 .5?.

. A;ra c*i(a(sa)ente 'a 8&'8*'a (e re+*'aci6n (e' tan-*e (e (i6@i( (e car;n 8er Bi+*ra 3 .?.

Figura 3.* $&'8*'a (e' tan-*e (e CO2

1,. $eri4i-*e -*e e' '-*i( en 'a ;ase (e 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n 7er)aneca esta;'e

en cas (e n ser as ser& necesari -*e a9*ste 'a 8&'8*'a C! 8er Bi+*ra 3 ./.

11. Des7*s (e -*e 'a c'*)na a


10/20

Figura 3.+P*nts (e )*estre (e +as

3.3.1 An,-i"i" -a" /u"tra" ga"

12. Antes (e rea'iar 's )*estres (e +as es necesari -*e 7*r+*e 'as 'neas 7ara est se

(e;e *ti'iar e' ci'in(r -*e se enc*entra en 'a 7arte s*7erir (e' 7ane' se s*ccinan

)*estras < 7sterir)ente sn e@7*'sa(as a 'a at)6s4era 7r )e(i (e 'a 8&'8*'a (e

8ente. Nte -*e e' 8'*)en (e' ci'in(r es (e 1,, )'. Re7ita est asta -*e se aBi+*ra 3 .Ga?.

1/. Nte -*e e' 8'*)en t)a( re7resenta e' "1 >7ara este cas e' 8'*)en (e;e (e sera7r@i)a(a)ente (e /, )'?.

15. Es7ere a7r@i)a(a)ente 3, se+*n(s 7ara -*e e' +as )*estrea( ''e+*e a 'a

te)7erat*ra (e' ci'in(r.

1,


11/20

1. Ara se (e;e 8eri4icar -*e e' ci'in(r -*e(e ais'a( (e 'a c'*)na < 's +';s

7sterir)ente a;ra 'a 8&'8*'a (e 8ente < (e9e e' ci'in(r a 7resi6n at)s4rica 7r

5 se+*n(s.

1!. Una 8e -*e an 7asa( 's 1, se+*n(s cierre 'a 8&'8*'a (e 8ente < cnecte e'

ci'in(r cn 's +';s. N6tese -*e e' ni8e' (e 's +';s n (e;e ca);iar si 'sni8e'es ca);ian (e;e 8'8er a re7etir e' 7as 1/.

1G. Lenta)ente e)7*9e e' 7ist6n (e' ci'in(r 7ara 8aciar e' cnteni( (e ste (entr (e

's +';s. Psterir)ente 9a'e e' 7ist6n asta e' 8'*)en ri+ina' > "1? $er Bi+*ra

3 .a < ;.

Figura 3.9 Calculo del V2

1. Lea e' 8'*)en >Bi+*ra 3 .;? e' c*a' re7resenta e' 8'*)en (e' +as )*estrea(.

2,. L'ene 'a Ta;'a 3 .1.

3.3.2 An,-i"i" -a" /u"tra" -!ui

21. T)e (s )*estras (e 15, )' ca(a *na en 's 7*nts (e )*estre -*e se ;ser8an

en 'a Bi+*ra 3 .1, crres7n(iente a 'a 7arte (e '-*i(.

Figura 3.1 P*nts (e )*estre (e '-*i(

11

S4

S


12/20

22. E@trai+a (e 'a )*estra (s 7rcines (e 5, )' < c'car'as en )atraces Er'en)eT?.

Nte -*e e' 8'*)en (e &ci( a(icina( T2re7resenta e' necesari 7ara ne*tra'iar

s6' e' i(r6@i( (e s(i ri+ina' < T2-T re7resenta 'a (i4erencia entre e' tta' (e

&ci( re-*eri( 7r e' car;nat < e' i(r6@i(.

3.3.3 C,-cu-"

2G. Cncentraci6n (e NaO.

#"

Tlmol$C

mues%&a

C 2.,?F> 3 =

Ecuacin 3.)2. Cncentraci6n (e NA2CO3.

( )5.,2.,?F> 32

= #"

TTlmol$C

mues%&a

'

Ecuacin 3.*

3,. L'enar 'aTa;'a 3 .2

Ta-a 3.1 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e +as

FLU&OS DE ENTRADAFLU&OS

DESALIDA

TIE(PO Aire CO2 Tta' %*estra )*estra

12


13/20

5/in6 B1 B2 B2MB3 i>$2F$1?i ,>$2F$1?,

,

1,: : :

2, : : :

3, : : :

3.3.4

Ta-a 3.2 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e '-*i(

AN7LISIS DE LAS (UESTRASCO2 A"ri n

S)5g8/-9"6

CO2 A"ri nS4

5g8/-9"6

(UESTRAS DEL TANQUEDE ALI(ENTACIN 5S)6

(UESTRA DE LASALIDA DE LA TORRE

5S46

TIE(PO5/in6

T1>)'?

T2>)'?

T3>)'?

CC CN T1

>)'?T2

>)'?T3

>)'?CC CN

Li>CN?:> CN?i

OLi,.5>CC?i:> CC?

Li>CN?:> CN?i

OLi,.5>CC?i:> CC?

,1,2,3,

3.4 PRE:UNTAS

Ca'c*'e 'as 4raccines )'ares (e 'a )ec'a (e +as en 'as )*estras rea'ia(as a 'a

entra(a centr < sa'i(a (e 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n >*ti'iar 'a ta;'a @?.

Ca'c*'e 'a canti(a( (e CO2a;sr;i( 7r )e(i (e 'a tit*'aci6n (e 'as )*estras.

Rea'ice *na c*r8a -*e re7resente 'a 8e'ci(a( (e a;srci6n (e' CO2en e' a+*a.

Rea'ice *na c*r8a -*e re7resente e' tie)7 cntra 'a c)7sici6n (e' +as a 'a entra(a

< a 'a sa'i(a (e 'a c'*)na.

Cite 'as 8enta9as < (es8enta9as (e 'as trres e)7aca(as 8s 'as (e 7'ats.

E@7'i-*e 's ti7s (e e)7aca( -*e e@isten < s*s 7rinci7a'es caractersticas.E@7'i-*e 's criteris 7ara 'a 7ti)iaci6n (e *na c'*)na (e a;srci6n e)7aca(a res7ect a

csts cnsi(eran( (i8erss ti7s < ta)aHs (e e)7aca(.

Descri;a 'as cn(icines (e car+a e in*n(aci6n (e *na c'*)na e)7aca(a.

Descri;a trs ti7s (e e-*i7 en 's -*e se 7*e(e ''e8ar a ca; 'a 7eraci6n (e a;srci6n.

13


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4 PRACTICA $2

4.1 O%&ETI'O

O7erar *na c'*)na (e a;srci6n ta)aH 'a;ratri 7ara e' c&'c*' (e 'a (e 'a

canti(a( (e CO2a;sr;i(.

Deter)inar e' ce4iciente +enera' (e trans4erencia (e )asa >+?

4.2 (ATERIALES

E-*i7 (e )e(ici6n (e 4'*9

Crn6)etr

NaO

A+*a (esti'a(a. 1 e);*(

4.3 PROCEDI(IENTO

Antes (e 7rce(er a 'a rea'iaci6n (e 'as )e(icines se (e;en se+*ir 's si+*ientes 7ass

7ara 'a 7*esta en )arca (e' e-*i7.

1. L 7ri)er ''ena 's +';s (e' e-*i7 (e an&'isis -*e se enc*entra en 'a 7arte

i-*ier(a (e' 7ane' >Bi+*ra / .11? cn *na s'*ci6n 1.,% (e ssa c&*stica. A9*ste e'

ni8e' en 's +';s asta -*e e' ni8e' )ar-*e ,J. Se 7*e(e *sar 'a 8&'8*'a C8.

Figura 4.11 L'ena( (e 's )atraces

1/


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2. Para 7re7arar 'a s'*ci6n 1% (e ssa c&*stica es necesari -*e c'-*e G + (e NaO

en 2,, )' (e a+*a (esti'a(a.

3. Psterir)ente (e;e ''enar e' tan-*e (e s*)inistr asta 's tres c*arts (e s*

ca7aci(a( cn *na s'*ci6n ,.2 % (e ssa c&*stica.

/. Para 7re7arar esta s'*ci6n es necesari -*e c'-*e 32, + (e i(r6@i( (e s(i en/, 'itrs (e (e a+*a (esti'a(a.

5. $eri4i-*e -*e 'as 8&'8*'as (e cntr' (e +as C2< Cestn cerra(as.

. E)7iece a en8iar e' '-*i( a tra8s (e 'a trre 7ara ' c*a' es necesari -*e

encien(a 'a ;);a (e a'i)entaci6n (e a+*a >8er Bi+*ra / .12?.

Figura 4.12 Interr*7tres (e 'a c'*)na

!. A9*ste e' 4'*9 (e a+*a -*e circ*'a 7r 'a c'*)na en a7r@i)a(a)ente

'itrsF)in*t >8er Bi+*ra / .13? 7r )e(i (e 'a 8&'8*'a C1.

15



Vlvula C2

Vlvula C3

Vlvula C4

Vlvula C2


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Figura 4.13 Rta)etrs

G. Encien(a e' c)7resr < a9*ste 'a 8&'8*'a (e cntr' C27ara -*e e' 4'*9 (e aire sea

(e a7r@i)a(a)ente 3, 'itrsF)in*t >8erBi+*ra / .13?.

. A;ra c*i(a(sa)ente 'a 8&'8*'a (e re+*'aci6n (e' tan-*e (e (i6@i( (e car;n 8erBi+*ra / .1/?.

Figura 4.14 $&'8*'a (e' tan-*e (e CO2

1,. $eri4i-*e -*e e' '-*i( en 'a ;ase (e 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n 7er)aneca esta;'e

en cas (e n ser as ser& necesari -*e a9*ste 'a 8&'8*'a C!.

11.Des7*s (e -*e 'a c'*)na a


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Figura 4.1)P*nts (e )*estre (e +as12. T)e 'a ca(a (e 7resi6n en 'a c'*)na 7r )e(i (e 's )an6)etrs en e' cas (e

-*e 'a ca(a (e 7resi6n sea )*< 7e-*eHa 7ara e' )an6)etr (e )erc*ri es

necesari *ti'iar e' )an6)etr (e a+*a >8er Bi+*ra / .1?.

Figura 4.1* %an6)etrs13. T)e 'a te)7erat*ra (e a'i)entaci6n (e +as 7ara ' c*a' es necesari cntar cn *n

ter)6)etr (i+ita'.

1/. De;e ca'c*'ar 'a 4racci6n 8'*)en en 'a entra(a < sa'i(a (e +as en 'a c'*)na (e

a;srci6n e)7'ean( e' a7arat (e e)7'.

15. Antes (e rea'iar 's )*estres (e +as es necesari -*e 7*r+*e 'as 'neas 7ara est

(e;e *ti'iar e' ci'in(r -*e se enc*entra en 'a 7arte s*7erir (e' 7ane' se s*ccinan

)*estras < 7sterir)ente sn e@7*'sa(as a 'a at)6s4era 7r )e(i (e 'a 8&'8*'a (e

8ente. Nte -*e e' 8'*)en (e' ci'in(r es (e 1,, )'. Re7ita est asta -*e se a


18/20

Figura 4.1+ P*r+a < (escar+a a 'a at)6s4era

1. Una 8e -*e 's +';s an si( ais'a(s < e' 8ente a 'a at)6s4era a si( cerra(a

se'eccine *na 'nea (e )*estre < ''ene e' ci'in(r 9a'an( e' 7ist6n 'enta)ente.

1!. Nte -*e e' 8'*)en t)a( re7resenta e' "1 >7ara este cas e' 8'*)en (e;e (e ser

a7r@i)a(a)ente (e /, )'?.

1G. Es7ere a7r@i)a(a)ente 3, se+*n(s 7ara -*e e' +as )*estrea( ''e+*e a 'a

te)7erat*ra (e' ci'in(r.

1. Ara (e;e 8eri4icar -*e e' ci'in(r -*e(e ais'a( (e 'a c'*)na < 's +';s

7sterir)ente a;ra 'a 8&'8*'a (e 8ente < (e9e e' ci'in(r a 7resi6n at)s4rica 7r

1, se+*n(s.2,. Una 8e -*e an 7asa( 's 1, se+*n(s cierre 'a 8&'8*'a (e 8ente < cnecte e'

ci'in(r cn 's +';s. N6tese -*e e' ni8e' (e 's +';s n (e;e ca);iar si 's

ni8e'es ca);ian (e;e 8'8er a re7etir e' 7as 1/.

1G


19/20

Figura 4.10 Ca'c*' (e' $2

21. Lenta)ente e)7*9e e' 7ist6n (e' ci'in(r 7ara 8aciar e' cnteni( (e ste (entr (e

's +';s. Psterir)ente 9a'e e' 7ist6n asta e' 8'*)en ri+ina' >$1?. $er Bi+*ra

/ .1G.

22. Lea e' 8'*)en >Bi+*ra / .1G;? e' c*a' re7resenta e' 8'*)en (e' +as )*estrea(.

23. L'ene 'a Ta;'a / .3.

4.3.1 C,-cu-"

2/. Psterir)ente (e;e ca'c*'ar 'a canti(a( (e CO2-*e es a;sr;i( 7r 'a s'*ci6n (e

NAO *ti'ian( 'a ec*aci6n 1.

25. Ca'c*'e 'a 7resi6n 7arcia' (e CO2 a 'a entra(a >Pi? < a 'a sa'i(a (e 'a c'*)na >P? en

at) *ti'ian( 'a ec*aci6n /.

2. Cncien( 'a canti(a( (e CO2 a;sr;i( < 'as caractersticas (e 'a c'*)na

7(e)s cncer e' ce4iciente (e trans4erencia a7'ican( 'a ec*aci6n 3.

Ta-a 4.3 An&'isis (e 'as )*estras (e +as

FLU&OS DE ENTRADA FLU&OS DE SALIDA

AireB1

CO2B2

Tta'B2MB3

%*estra )*estra

i>$2F$1?i ,>$2F$1?,

1


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4.4 PRE:UNTAS

Uti'ian( 'as ec*acines )stra(as en 's antece(entes (eter)inar 'a canti(a( (e

CO2a;sr;i( rea'ian( *n ;a'ance (e )ateria en 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n.

Rea'ice e' ;a'ance (e )ateria en 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n *ti'ian( 's 8a'res

;teni(s (e e''a.

Rea'ice c&'c*' (e' ce4iciente (e trans4erencia 7ara 'a c'*)na (e a;srci6n.

Cite 'as 8enta9as < (es8enta9as (e 'as trres e)7aca(as 8s 'as (e 7'ats.

E@7'i-*e 's ti7s (e e)7aca( -*e e@isten < s*s 7rinci7a'es caractersticas.

E@7'i-*e 's criteris 7ara 'a 7ti)iaci6n (e *na c'*)na (e a;srci6n e)7aca(a res7ect a

csts cnsi(eran( (i8erss ti7s < ta)aHs (e e)7aca(.

Descri;a 'as cn(icines (e car+a e in*n(aci6n (e *na c'*)na e)7aca(a.

Descri;a trs ti7s (e e-*i7 en 's -*e se 7*e(e ''e8ar a ca; 'a 7eraci6n (e a;srci6n.

2,

Columna de Absorcion de Gases (UOP7) Marca ARMFIELD

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