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1
2
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4 (GND)
5
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13 (D10)
14 (D11)
15 (D12)
Ard
uino
Nan
o 3.
0
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(GND) 29
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GRND
1 (DIN)
2 (DIG 0)
3 (DIG 4)
4 (GND)
5 (DIG 2)
6 (DIG 2)
7 (DIG 3)
8 (DIG 7)
9 (GND)
10 (DIG 5)
11 (DIG 1)
12 (LOAD) (CLK)13
(SEG A) 14
(SEG F) 15
(SEG B) 16
(SEG G) 17
(ISET)18
(V+)19
(SEG C) 20
(SEG E) 21
(SEG DP) 22
(SEG D) 23
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MAX 7219
RO
W
COLUMN
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MAX 7219
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8 x 8 DOT MATRIX
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ROW PIN CONFIG
MAX 7219
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8 x 8 DOT MATRIX
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Arduino Nano (V3.0)
User Manual
Released under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 License
19-26 A0-A7 Input Analog input channel 0 to 7 27 +5V Output or
Input +5V output (from on-board regulator) or +5V (input from external power supply)
30 VIN PWR Supply voltage
3
Arduino Nano Mechanical Drawing
0.50
0.500.15
1.70
0.10
0.70
0.60
0.07 (4)
General DescriptionThe MAX7219/MAX7221 are compact, serial input/out-put common-cathode display drivers that interfacemicroprocessors (µPs) to 7-segment numeric LED dis-plays of up to 8 digits, bar-graph displays, or 64 indi-vidual LEDs. Included on-chip are a BCD code-Bdecoder, multiplex scan circuitry, segment and digitdrivers, and an 8x8 static RAM that stores each digit.Only one external resistor is required to set the seg-ment current for all LEDs. The MAX7221 is compatiblewith SPI™, QSPI™, and MICROWIRE™, and has slew-rate-limited segment drivers to reduce EMI.
A convenient 4-wire serial interface connects to allcommon µPs. Individual digits may be addressed andupdated without rewriting the entire display. TheMAX7219/MAX7221 also allow the user to select code-B decoding or no-decode for each digit.
The devices include a 150µA low-power shutdownmode, analog and digital brightness control, a scan-limit register that allows the user to display from 1 to 8digits, and a test mode that forces all LEDs on.
For applications requiring 3V operation or segmentblinking, refer to the MAX6951 data sheet.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V+ = 5V ±10%, RSET = 9.53kΩ ±1%, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functionaloperation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure toabsolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Voltage (with respect to GND)V+ ............................................................................-0.3V to 6VDIN, CLK, LOAD, CS ...............................................-0.3V to 6VAll Other Pins.............................................-0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V)
Operating Temperature Ranges (TMIN to TMAX)MAX7219C_G/MAX7221C_G ..............................0°C to +70°CMAX7219E_G/MAX7221E_G ............................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°CLead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
RSET = open circuit
All digital inputs at V+ or GND, TA = +25°C
Digit off, VDIGIT = V+
TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VOUT = (V+ - 1V)
All segments and decimal point on,ISEG_ = -40mA
8 digits scanned
V+ = 5V, VOUT = 0.65V
TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VOUT = (V+ - 1V)
CONDITIONS
8
Operating Supply Current
µA150I+
V4.0 5.5V+Operating Supply Voltage
Shutdown Supply Current
µA-10IDIGITDigit Drive Leakage (MAX7221 only)
%3.0∆ISEGSegment Drive Current Matching
mA/µs10 20 50∆ISEG/∆tSegment Current Slew Rate(MAX7221 only)
1 DIN Serial-Data Input. Data is loaded into the internal 16-bit shift register on CLK’s rising edge.
2, 3, 5–8,10, 11
DIG 0–DIG 7Eight-Digit Drive Lines that sink current from the display common cathode. The MAX7219 pullsthe digit outputs to V+ when turned off. The MAX7221’s digit drivers are high-impedance whenturned off.
PIN
4, 9 GND Ground (both GND pins must be connected)
12
LOAD(MAX7219)
18 ISETConnect to VDD through a resistor (RSET) to set the peak segment current (Refer to SelectingRSET Resistor section).
14–17,20–23
SEG A–SEG G,DP
13 CLK
CS(MAX7221)
24 DOUTSerial-Data Output. The data into DIN is valid at DOUT 16.5 clock cycles later. This pin is usedto daisy-chain several MAX7219/MAX7221’s and is never high-impedance.
19 V+ Positive Supply Voltage. Connect to +5V.
( ) MAX7221 ONLY
V+
8
8
8
8
4
RSET
LOAD (CS)
DIN DOUT
CLK(MSB)(LSB)
D0
SEG A–SEG G, DP DIG 0–DIG 7
SHUTDOWN REGISTER
MODE REGISTER
INTENSITY REGISTER
SCAN-LIMIT REGISTER
DISPLAY-TEST REGISTER
INTENSITYPULSE-WIDTH
MODULATOR
MULTIPLEXSCAN
CIRCUITRYADDRESSREGISTERDECODER
8x8DUAL-PORT
SRAM
8
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12
DIGIT DRIVERS
D13 D14 D15
CODE BROM WITH
BYPASS
SEGMENTCURRENT
REFERENCE
SEGMENT DRIVERS
Load-Data Input. The last 16 bits of serial data are latched on LOAD’s rising edge.
Chip-Select Input. Serial data is loaded into the shift register while CS is low. The last 16 bits ofserial data are latched on CS’s rising edge.
Serial-Clock Input. 10MHz maximum rate. On CLK’s rising edge, data is shifted into the inter-nal shift register. On CLK’s falling edge, data is clocked out of DOUT. On the MAX7221, theCLK input is active only while CS is low.
Seven Segment Drives and Decimal Point Drive that source current to the display. On theMAX7219, when a segment driver is turned off it is pulled to GND. The MAX7221 segment dri-vers are high-impedance when turned off.
The MAX7219 and MAX7221 are identical except fortwo parameters: the MAX7221 segment drivers areslew-rate limited to reduce electromagnetic interfer-ence (EMI), and its serial interface is fully SPI compati-ble.
Serial-Addressing ModesFor the MAX7219, serial data at DIN, sent in 16-bitpackets, is shifted into the internal 16-bit shift registerwith each rising edge of CLK regardless of the state ofLOAD. For the MAX7221, CS must be low to clock datain or out. The data is then latched into either the digit orcontrol registers on the rising edge of LOAD/CS.LOAD/CS must go high concurrently with or after the16th rising clock edge, but before the next rising clockedge or data will be lost. Data at DIN is propagatedthrough the shift register and appears at DOUT 16.5clock cycles later. Data is clocked out on the fallingedge of CLK. Data bits are labeled D0–D15 (Table 1).D8–D11 contain the register address. D0–D7 containthe data, and D12–D15 are “don’t care” bits. The firstreceived is D15, the most significant bit (MSB).
Digit and Control RegistersTable 2 lists the 14 addressable digit and control regis-ters. The digit registers are realized with an on-chip,8x8 dual-port SRAM. They are addressed directly sothat individual digits can be updated and retain data aslong as V+ typically exceeds 2V. The control registersconsist of decode mode, display intensity, scan limit(number of scanned digits), shutdown, and display test(all LEDs on).
Shutdown ModeWhen the MAX7219 is in shutdown mode, the scan oscil-lator is halted, all segment current sources are pulled toground, and all digit drivers are pulled to V+, therebyblanking the display. The MAX7221 is identical, exceptthe drivers are high-impedance. Data in the digit andcontrol registers remains unaltered. Shutdown can beused to save power or as an alarm to flash the display bysuccessively entering and leaving shutdown mode. Forminimum supply current in shutdown mode, logic inputsshould be at ground or V+ (CMOS-logic levels).
Typically, it takes less than 250µs for the MAX7219/MAX7221 to leave shutdown mode. The display drivercan be programmed while in shutdown mode, andshutdown mode can be overridden by the display-testfunction.
CLK
DIN D15
DOUT
D14 D1 D0
tCSS tCL tCH tCP
tDO
tLDCK
tCSW
tCSH
tDS
tDH
CSOR LOAD
Figure 1. Timing Diagram
Table 1. Serial-Data Format (16 Bits)
D14D15
X
D12D13
XX
D10D11 D8D9
ADDRESS
D6D7 D4D5
X
D2D3 D0D1
MSB DATA LSB
Initial Power-UpOn initial power-up, all control registers are reset, thedisplay is blanked, and the MAX7219/MAX7221 entershutdown mode. Program the display driver prior todisplay use. Otherwise, it will initially be set to scan onedigit, it will not decode data in the data registers, andthe intensity register will be set to its minimum value.
Decode-Mode RegisterThe decode-mode register sets BCD code B (0-9, E, H,L, P, and -) or no-decode operation for each digit. Eachbit in the register corresponds to one digit. A logic highselects code B decoding while logic low bypasses thedecoder. Examples of the decode mode control-regis-ter format are shown in Table 4.
When the code B decode mode is used, the decoderlooks only at the lower nibble of the data in the digitregisters (D3–D0), disregarding bits D4–D6. D7, whichsets the decimal point (SEG DP), is independent of thedecoder and is positive logic (D7 = 1 turns the decimalpoint on). Table 5 lists the code B font.
When no-decode is selected, data bits D7–D0 corre-spond to the segment lines of the MAX7219/MAX7221.Table 6 shows the one-to-one pairing of each data bitto the appropriate segment line.
0Code B decode for digits 3–0 No decode for digits 7–4
1 111 0x0F
ADDRESS CODE(HEX) D6 D4D7 D5 D2 D0D3 D1
MA
X7
21
9/M
AX
72
21
Intensity Control and Interdigit Blanking
The MAX7219/MAX7221 allow display brightness to becontrolled with an external resistor (RSET) connectedbetween V+ and ISET. The peak current sourced fromthe segment drivers is nominally 100 times the currententering ISET. This resistor can either be fixed or vari-able to allow brightness adjustment from the frontpanel. Its minimum value should be 9.53kΩ, which typi-cally sets the segment current at 40mA. Display bright-ness can also be controlled digitally by using theintensity register.
Digital control of display brightness is provided by aninternal pulse-width modulator, which is controlled bythe lower nibble of the intensity register. The modulatorscales the average segment current in 16 steps from amaximum of 31/32 down to 1/32 of the peak current setby RSET (15/16 to 1/16 on MAX7221). Table 7 lists theintensity register format. The minimum interdigit blank-ing time is set to 1/32 of a cycle.
Table 6. No-Decode Mode Data Bits andCorresponding Segment Lines
0 0X 00 0 11 11 11
D7*
REGISTER DATA
0
7-SEGMENTCHARACTER D3D6–D4 D1D2 DP*D0 BA DC FE G
1 0X 00 1 10
ON SEGMENTS = 1
01 00 0
2 0X 10 0 11 10 01 1
3 0X 10 1 11 11 00 1
4 0X 01 0 10 01 10 1
5 0X 01 1 01 11 10 1
6 0X 11 0 01 11 11 1
7 0X 11 1 11 01 00 0
8 1X 00 0 11 11 11 1
9 1X 00 1 11 11 10 1
— 1X 10 0 00 00 00 1
E 1X 10 1 01 10 11 1
H 1X 01 0 10 01 11 1
L 1X 01 1 00 10 11 0
P 1X 11 0 11 00 11 1
blank 1X 11 1 00 00 00 0
*The decimal point is set by bit D7 = 1
F
E
A
G
D
C
B
STANDARD 7-SEGMENT LED
DP
ACorrespondingSegment Line
D6
DP C
D4
B
D5
E
D2
D G
REGISTER DATA
D0
F
D1D3D7
Scan-Limit RegisterThe scan-limit register sets how many digits are dis-played, from 1 to 8. They are displayed in a multiplexedmanner with a typical display scan rate of 800Hz with 8digits displayed. If fewer digits are displayed, the scanrate is 8fOSC/N, where N is the number of digits
scanned. Since the number of scanned digits affectsthe display brightness, the scan-limit register shouldnot be used to blank portions of the display (such asleading zero suppression). Table 8 lists the scan-limitregister format.
Table 7. Intensity Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXA)DUTY CYCLE
MAX7221MAX7219D6D7 D4 D2D3 D0D5 D1
HEXCODE
1/16(min on)
1/32(min on)
XX XX 00 00 0xX0
2/163/32 XX XX 00 10 0xX1
3/165/32 XX XX 00 01 0xX2
4/167/32 XX XX 00 11 0xX3
5/169/32 XX XX 10 00 0xX4
6/1611/32 XX XX 10 10 0xX5
7/1613/32 XX XX 10 01 0xX6
X8/1615/32 XX X
X
10 11 0xX7
9/1617/32 XX X
X
01 00 0xX8
10/1619/32 XX X
X
01 10 0xX9
11/1621/32 XX X
X
01 01 0xXA
12/1623/32 XX X
X
01 11 0xXB
13/1625/32 XX X
X
11 00 0xXC
14/1627/32 XX X
X
11 10 0xXD
15/1629/32 XX X
X
11 01 0xXE
15/16(max on)
31/32 XX X 11 11 0xXF
Table 8. Scan-Limit Register Format (Address (Hex) = 0xXB)
X
XDisplay digit 0 only*
Display digits 0 & 1*
X
X X
D7SCAN LIMIT
0xX1
X 0xX0
X
X
X 0
D6 D5
0 1
D4 D3
X
XDisplay digits 0 1 2*
Display digits 0 1 2 3
X
X
X X
0
0xX3
X
D2HEX
CODE
0xX2
0
REGISTER DATA
0
X
X
X
D1 D0
0 1 1
X 0 1 0
X
XDisplay digits 0 1 2 3 4
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4 5
X
X X 0xX5
X 0xX4
X
X
X 1 0 1
X
XDisplay digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Display digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X
X
X X
1
0xX7
X 0xX6
0 0
X
X
X 1 1 1
X 1 1 0
*See Scan-Limit Register section for application.
MA
X7
21
9/M
AX
72
21 If the scan-limit register is set for three digits or less,
individual digit drivers will dissipate excessive amountsof power. Consequently, the value of the RSET resistormust be adjusted according to the number of digits dis-played, to limit individual digit driver power dissipation.Table 9 lists the number of digits displayed and thecorresponding maximum recommended segment cur-rent when the digit drivers are used.
Display-Test RegisterThe display-test register operates in two modes: normaland display test. Display-test mode turns all LEDs onby overriding, but not altering, all controls and digit reg-isters (including the shutdown register). In display-testmode, 8 digits are scanned and the duty cycle is 31/32(15/16 for MAX7221). Table 10 lists the display-test reg-ister format.
No-Op RegisterThe no-op register is used when cascading MAX7219sor MAX7221s. Connect all devices’ LOAD/CS inputstogether and connect DOUT to DIN on adjacentdevices. DOUT is a CMOS logic-level output that easilydrives DIN of successively cascaded parts. (Refer tothe Serial Addressing Modes section for detailed infor-mation on serial input/output timing.) For example, iffour MAX7219s are cascaded, then to write to the
fourth chip, sent the desired 16-bit word, followed bythree no-op codes (hex 0xXX0X, see Table 2). WhenLOAD/CS goes high, data is latched in all devices. Thefirst three chips receive no-op commands, and thefourth receives the intended data.
Applications InformationSupply Bypassing and Wiring
To minimize power-supply ripple due to the peak digitdriver currents, connect a 10µF electrolytic and a 0.1µFceramic capacitor between V+ and GND as close tothe device as possible. The MAX7219/MAX7221 shouldbe placed in close proximity to the LED display, andconnections should be kept as short as possible tominimize the effects of wiring inductance and electro-magnetic interference. Also, both GND pins must beconnected to ground.
Selecting RSET Resistor and Using External Drivers
The current per segment is approximately 100 timesthe current in ISET. To select RSET, see Table 11. TheMAX7219/MAX7221’s maximum recommended seg-ment current is 40mA. For segment current levelsabove these levels, external digit drivers will be need-ed. In this application, the MAX7219/MAX7221 serveonly as controllers for other high-current drivers or tran-sistors. Therefore, to conserve power, use RSET = 47kΩwhen using external current sources as segment dri-vers.
The example in Figure 2 uses the MAX7219/MAX7221’ssegment drivers, a MAX394 single-pole double-throwanalog switch, and external transistors to drive 2.3”AND2307SLC common-cathode displays. The 5.6Vzener diode has been added in series with the decimalpoint LED because the decimal point LED forward volt-age is typically 4.2V. For all other segments the LEDforward voltage is typically 8V. Since external transis-tors are used to sink current (DIG 0 and DIG 1 are usedas logic switches), peak segment currents of 45mA areallowed even though only two digits are displayed. Inapplications where the MAX7219/MAX7221’s digit dri-vers are used to sink current and fewer than four digitsare displayed, Table 9 specifies the maximum allow-able segment current. RSET must be selected accord-ingly (Table 11).
Refer to the Power Dissipation section of the AbsoluteMaximum Ratings to calculate acceptable limits forambient temperature, segment current, and the LEDforward-voltage drop.
Note: The MAX7219/MAX7221 remain in display-test mode(all LEDs on) until the display-test register is reconfiguredfor normal operation.
Computing Power DissipationThe upper limit for power dissipation (PD) for theMAX7219/MAX7221 is determined from the followingequation:
PD = (V + x 8mA) + (V+ - VLED)(DUTY x ISEG x N)
where:
V+ = supply voltage
DUTY = duty cycle set by intensity register
N = number of segments driven (worst case is 8)
VLED = LED forward voltage
ISEG = segment current set by RSET
Dissipation Example:
ISEG = 40mA, N = 8, DUTY = 31/32, VLED = 1.8V at 40mA, V+ = 5.25V
PD = 5.25V(8mA) + (5.25V - 1.8V)(31/32 x 40mA x 8) = 1.11W
Thus, for a CERDIP package (θJA = +80°C/W fromTable 12), the maximum allowed ambient temperatureTA is given by:
TJ(MAX) = TA + PD x θJA + 150°C = TA +1.11W x 80°C/W
where TA = +61.2°C.
The TA limits for PDIP and SO Packages in the dissipationexample above are +66.7°C and +55.6°C, respectively.
Cascading DriversThe example in Figure 3 drives 16 digits using a 3-wireµP interface. If the number of digits is not a multiple of8, set both drivers’ scan limits registers to the samenumber so one display will not appear brighter than theother. For example, if 12 digits are need, use 6 digitsper display with both scan-limit registers set for 6 digitsso that both displays have a 1/6 duty cycle per digit. If11 digits are needed, set both scan-limit registers for 6digits and leave one digit driver unconnected. If onedisplay for 6 digits and the other for 5 digits, the sec-ond display will appear brighter because its duty cycleper digit will be 1/5 while the first display’s will be 1/6.Refer to the No-Op Register section for additional infor-mation.
D 0.6140.598 15.20 2415.60 ADD 0.7130.697 17.70 2818.10 AE
HE
N
D
A1Be
A
0 -8
C
L
1VARIATIONS:
Package Information(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline informationgo to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses areimplied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
16 __________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
Package Information (continued)(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline informationgo to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
*焊接温度 Lead Sodering Temperature 260 for 3 seconds *当工作温度高于 25时,Ifm,Ifp 和 Id 必须降低;电流降低率是-0.36mA/ 直流驱动),或-0.86mA/
脉冲驱动 功耗降低率是-0.75mW/ 产品的工作电流不能大于对应工作温度条件 Ifm 或 Ifp 的 60%For operation above 25, The Ifm Ifp & Pd must be derated, the Curent derating is –0.36mA/ for DC drive and -0.86mA/ for Pulse drive, the power dissipation is -0.75mW/. The product working current must not more than the 60% of the Ifm or Ifp according to the working temperature.
光电特性 Optical-Electrical Characteristic 建议使用驱动检测
参数 Parameter测试条件
Test CONDITING
单位
SymbolMin Type Max
单位
Unit
发光强度 Luminous Intensity IF=10mA Iv 21.8 25.9 28.4 Mcd