Top Banner
15/03/53 1 Color in glazes and enamels
42

Color in glazes and enamels

Feb 25, 2022

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 1

Color in glazes and enamels

Page 2: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 2

Sources of color in glazes• Transition metal ions• The precipitation of crystal: titania and zirconia• Insoluble crystal or crystals that are colored

Page 3: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 3

Crystal chemistry of pigments

Page 4: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 4

• Lattice energy� determined almost totally by the nearest-neighbor cation-anion distances

• Coordination polyhedra� radius ratio• Electrostatic neutrality

Crystal chemistry of pigments

Page 5: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 5

Crystal chemistry of pigments

Page 6: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 6

Crystal chemistry of pigments

Page 7: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 7

Crystal chemistry of pigments

Page 8: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 8

Oxide pigments

• Opacifiers = white pigments– Tin oxide (refractive index 2.04)

– Zirconia (refractive index 2.40)– Zircon (refractive index 1.85)

– Titania (R.I =2.5, 2.7 for anatase and rutite)

• Color pigments / stains

Page 9: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 9

Pigments design

Oxide A Oxide B

Oxide C

Page 10: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 10

Mixed-metal oxide pigments

Page 11: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 11

Mixed-metal oxide pigments

Page 12: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 12

Mixed-metal oxide pigments

Page 13: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 13

Black and grey pigments

• CoO, Mn2O3, NiO, Fe2O3, Cr2O3, FeO, CuO

• Black spinel pigments:– CuO-Cr2O3

– FeO-CoO– FeO-CoO-Cr2O3

– Mn2O3-Fe2O3

– Cr2O3-FeO-NiO

Page 14: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 14

Blue pigments• CoO• Spinal cobalt aluminate• Olivine cobalt silicate

Page 15: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 15

Green pigments• Chromium ion• Cobalt-zinc-alumina-

chromite bluegreenpigments

Page 16: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 16

Green pigments

Silica and a dichromate with calcium carbonate

Page 17: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 17

Green pigments

• Zircon vanadium blue

Page 18: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 18

Green pigments

• Copper compound

Page 19: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 19

Yellow pigments

• Zirconia vanadiayellow

Page 20: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 20

Yellow pigments

• Tin vanadium yellow

Page 21: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 21

Brown pigments

• Zinc-iron-chromitespinels

• Zinc-iron-chrome-aluminate

• Chrome-iron-tin-brown

• Iron-manganese brown

Page 22: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 22

Pink, purple and maroon pigments

• Chrome alumina pink

• Maganesealumina pink

• Zircon-iron system

• Chrome-tin system

Page 23: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 23

������������ก�����ก����ก �������

• Cr 3+ , Cr 6+

• Cr 3+ ����� ������ก � ����������� �������������������ก� ����ก� ��� �� ����!"��ก� #�$� SiO2 %$&��ก��' RO ��

• Cr 6+ #&��(��ก� ����(�!���)��� #*"���" )"�ก*+,��-�%. ������+ ก#�$�ก�$� ���

• Cr2O3 �'������ก� ������ ��

Page 24: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 24

%* ������� ���ก� #�$�ก.� )"���!$��/�ก ��ก����

• Mn 2+ (�!� Mn 3+

• Mn 3+ �'������ก� #&��(��ก� ���� �� � �%��� )"�ก*+� �� � ����'-�.� ������+ ก#�$��0����1��'ก�+�����!�+�� �

• Mn 2+ �����!�+/'�(����"&�%��2�� ��'*ก3+ Mn 2+ �����!�+#�$�4��++��ก2.��-*$�

Page 25: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 25

%* ������� ���ก� #�$�ก.� )"���!$��/�ก�(��ก

• Fe 2+ (�!� Fe 3+

• Fe 2+ /'#&��(��ก� ��0����"&���.�� �

• Fe 3+ /'#&��(��ก� ������ ��������%&��(�������������ก� ��'���ก2.�/������+ 4 %* /'�ก.����"&�%�� �%���������%&��(�����*+������!"��ก� ��'���ก2.�/������+ 6 %* /'�(���2���(�!���-3

• ��ก%.2.�.�ก%#�$��(��ก�'��������ก����/'�(���� �� �78�

• �ก� #�$��(��ก��.�9���ก����������������$��������ก��

Page 26: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 26

�://*�#�$�4�%��ก������$������ �������!�+

• -�.� �����'�%�

• -�.� �����!�+ (���!�+�� ���� #)+��' *%���.+�����!�+)

• -�.� ����!"��.�

• ก���%������!�+ (�'�'� ����ก��+����!�+)

• � �(�� �����!�+

• ��9(=.��'+����ก�>ก���4� (%&��(��� �����%��4�)

Page 27: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 27

%* �����ก��4����'�%������!�+

Zr

Ca,Pb,Sn

Zn, Zr

Zn, Zr

Zr

�(�'ก*+���!�+

Zn, B, alkali1250 OFZr-Si-Fe��� (Coral)

Zn,B1250 OFSn-Ca-Si-Cr��� (maroon)

1300 OF

1350 OF

Zn-Cr-Fe-Al-Sn

Zn-Cr-Fe�"&�%��

Pb, Zn,Ca,B

alkali

1400 OF-RF

1350 OF

Zr-V

Sn-V-Ti�(�!��

Zn,Sn,Mg1400,OF-RFCr-Si-Al� �� ���

���(�'ก*+���!�+��9(=.

��'+����ก�>

����������'++����

Page 28: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 28

Stability range for body stains

Page 29: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 29

Stability range for glaze colors

Page 30: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 30

Stability range for underglaze colors

Page 31: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 31

Stability range for overglaze colors

Page 32: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 32

��#��

• ��� �4� ��#��,���� 11-12% ��'��#��������� �4� ��#�� 16-60%

• ����'��� ��#��������1��0� ���(� ���"&�%�� ����'�ก�.$�J�� ���#*$ ����� �4� ��+���2.�.�ก%7�.%��'+.#*��3!$�-� ��(�#���)�����+�4. ���!�+(�*��4������

• ��ก���4���#���กK�2ก&�'�*� (H2SO4) ��'�"&�*��� ��-� ���กก���4� �*��*"�� ��ก�����กK�2��'� �-!"���ก���4�

• ��9(=.�4� 440ºC �&�(�*+��#������ ��' 300ºC �&�(�*+#�� �

Page 33: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 33

Enamels, Porcelain enamels and vitreous enamels

Page 34: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 34

�.�����!�

• ��!"��ก� ���!�+�ก� #�$�ก�����!�+�3!$�%ก�%��(�!��3!$�ก���-���� ���!�+��+���('��'�ก�

• ��9(=.���!�+��ก �� 425ºC

• ���*�ก���/'���!�+��+� #����� #�� ��.�(�!�#���(�!�� ��'���3*L������!�++��(��ก(��� (�!��(��กก���

Page 35: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 35

ก���&����!�+�.�������-���'��-�1

Tablewares

SinksChemical apparatusjewellry

Refrigerator, washing machines

Page 36: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 36

Properties of enamels and coatings

• Mechanical properties– Elasticity– Tensile strength, compressive strength, bending strength, hardness

• Thermal properties – Thermal conductivity (�.����#�$��3��� /'�&�� �����%$&� #&��(�#�%��ก������$������

� �������)– Thermal expansion (�.����� �� COE %$&�ก ����('(�!�-."����#�$/'���!�+)– Thermal shock resistance,TSR (�.�������� TSR ���������� convex )

• Optical properties– Reflection – color

• Electrical properties– Insulator

Page 37: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 37

Elasticity

• *���� ���(�!�� ��� ����$�����ก(�!������!$������)�(�!����ก�ก�'#&�%�� *����*"�

• ��� modulus %$&� /'� elasticity ��

• �!$� Elasticity �� �.����/'#�%�� strain ��

=∆

ES

Pll

∆ll

S P

E = modulus of elasticity

Page 38: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 38

Strains in the enamel layer

• Bonding between metal and enamel

• Shape of surface and radius of curvature

• COE

• Softening temperature of enamels

• Thickness of enamel

• Elasticity of enamel and metal

Page 39: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 39

*%���.+�&�(�*+�.����

• �������ก�ก� �ก��� ��ก� ��ก�� �ก �������� �����ก��ก�� ��������ก��

• ����� ����� �!��" � ��ก� #$��%��ก��� �� (�$�� ���� ) #� ( CuO, MnO, pigments) (!�#������ ��!��$��%�(��ก� ก%) �ก�ก��*�(�� � � (�$�� CoO, NiO, MoO) ����+�(��ก� �� �)� ( fluoride, tin oxide, Arsenic, titanium, zirconium)

Page 40: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 40

*%���.+��ก���ก.��ก� ���.����

• Acid oxides: Silica, boric oxide ����ก� Quartz, sand, boric oxide

• Basic oxides: alkalis and alkaline-earth metals) ����ก� (.�7:��� ��1 ZnO, MgO, PbO

• Amphoteric oxides: mainly alumina

• Acid+basic oxides (������ ก*�): Feldspar, clay and kaolin, borax

Page 41: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 41

ก�'+ �ก��4�.%4�.%=*9N1�.����#&� frit-*$� *%���.+ 4�

)"�����('

#&�� ��'���4. ��('

+���O�ก(�!�+��(��

���!�+�.�����.+-*"���ก

���!�+�.����-*"�+�

�+�(��

�4� �+�(��

Page 42: Color in glazes and enamels

15/03/53 42

�&���#���+#

���'�%��!��'�����������4�)ก �����'�%���'��+��� �.�����!��'��Strain #�$�ก.� )"���-*"��.���� �ก.�/�ก���(%���