Colonies and the Revolution
Feb 21, 2016
Colonies and the Revolution
Lure of Trade and Exploration•Trade networks already connected Africa,
Asia, and Europe▫exchange of cultures, goods, and services
Lure of Trade and Exploration•W. Europe= direct access to Asian goods•Italian and Muslim merchants controlled
trade routes▫looked for new sea routes
Lure of Trade and Exploration•Portugal led the way
▫1430s, colonized islands off the NW coast of Africa
▫1497, Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa and reached Asia
▫Monopoly of East-West Sea trade Spices and gold
Lure of Trade and Exploration•1500, slave trade dominated
▫Devastated Africa societies
The Explorers•Spain supported Christopher Columbus
reaching Asia ▫Oct. landed in the Bahamas= San Salvador▫Established a Spanish colony= La Navidad▫Ppl who were there= Indians
•Thought he was in Asia
The Explorers•Columbus constructed settlements and
introduced encomienda system▫forced American Indians to work, without
pay▫overwork and malnutrition▫Lacked resistance to diseases
•Indian population= wiped out•Spanish imported African slaves
The Explorers
•Marked the beginning of Trans-Atlantic conquest and colonization▫Lasted centuries
Quick Review•What factors pushed Europeans to
explore other parts of the world?
•How did the European invasion affect the natives of the “New World”?
•What did Christopher Columbus’ discovery mark the beginning of?
Activity: Reality of Columbus•In groups of 4 you will have 2 different
articles.•2 of you will read 30 Million and Counting•2 of you will read Examining the
Reputation of Christopher Columbus•Once all 4 are done reading the articles
explain your articles to the other group members
•Answer the questions on the worksheet
What the Spanish Found…
Empires in Trouble•Spanish appeared on American shores in
the early 1500s. At that time civil war weakened both the Aztec and Inca.
•In the Aztec Empire, a number of tribes began to rebel against their harsh Aztec rulers. Infuriated, Montezuma sent huge attacks against them.
Empires in Trouble •Rebellion was everywhere and the Aztec
were forced to fight in many areas at once. Because their armies were spread all over, they lost many battles.
•Also, war costs became very high. There were few resources left for making new conquests
Empires in Trouble •Higher war costs, less tribute (gold or
food or slaves) from new conquests, and a famine( loss of crops) in 1505 caused Montezuma to demand more tribute from his conquered tribes. This demand led to even more resentment and rebellion
•The Inca were also facing problems in their empire when Spanish adventurers, led by Francisco Pizarro, arrived in 1532.
Empires in Trouble •When the Inca ruler died in 1525, his two
sons, fought each other for the throne
•The northern half supported Atahualpa and the southern half supported Huascar.
•After three years of bloodshed, Atahualpa became the ruler of a greatly weakened empire.
Colonies and the Americas
Conquest of the Americas•Spanish goal: claim land, gain riches, and
spread Catholicism•1519, Hernan Cortes came to MX and
conquered the Aztec Empire▫Built Mexico city on the Aztec capital ▫Aztecs= encomienda system
Conquest of the Americas•1532, Francisco Pizzaro attacked the Inca
Empire▫Quick, brutal attack ▫Resisted for years till they fell to the
Spanish
Why was a Win so Easy?•Spanish weapons were superior
Why was a Win so Easy?•Montezuma believed Cortes= god
▫Walk into the capital•Cortes saw the Aztec culture= evil
▫Destroyed and replaced Christian faith
Why was a Win so Easy?•The 2 groups fought by different rules
▫Aztec took captives to kill in a ceremony▫Spanish fought to kill on the spot
Why was a Win so Easy?•Weakened and rebellious state of the 2
empires ▫Tribes were angry at the Aztec= helped as
guides and warriors
Why was a Win so Easy?•Disease had a disastrous effect
▫Smallpox and measles▫Spread rapidly
Conquest of the Americas•Traveled N
▫Settlements in AZ, CA, NM, and TX•1780, largest colonial empire EVER
▫Settlers divided land in farm communities and ranch estates
Conquest of the Americas•Social classes:
▫peninsulares - whites born in Spain▫creoles - whites born in Mexico▫mestizos - had both Spanish and Indian
parents
Conquest of the Americas•Catholic church= central role
▫Missionaries= common Convert American Indians
•Spanish influence is visible in the SW today▫Names, culture, architecture
Quick Review•Why did Spanish conquistadors explore
the Americas?
•How did Spain conqueror the Aztec and Inca Empires? Who is credited w/ conquering them?
•What were key characteristics of the Spanish Empire in the Americas?
Activity: Categorizing•Create a Categorizing Table•Explorers Destination
Result
Activity: Short Story•Write a creative short story set in the time
period and places covered today.
•Make up believable characters and put them into interesting situations that reflect your knowledge of the time period.
•MUST GIVE DETAILS
•AT least 4 paragraphs
Colonies and the RevolutionEnglish Colonies
Settling Virginia •1600s, Dutch, French, and English were
settling in east N.A.•England
▫13 colonies= provided raw materials
Settling Virginia •King James I issued the Charter of 1606
▫Organize settlements in VA▫Chesapeake Bay= Jamestown= barely
survived•Violence was common
▫Tobacco farms and Indians
Settling Virginia•1624= Unprofitable, charter revoked
▫Royal colony w/ a governor
Quick Review•What purpose did colonies serve to their
home nation?
•Where was the first permanent English settlement in North America? Name?
Activity: “Nightmare in Jamestown”•Watch the video•Follow along to answer the questions
Colonies and the RevolutionNew England Colonies
Puritan Community