College of Medcine.Doc

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE

INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DAR ES SALAAM ; TANZANIA

The college of medicine was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Honourable Mr. I.K. Gujral on 17th September, 1997. Already seventy doctors have passed out of the College and doing well in their profession. Presently the College offers only M.B.B.S. Course equivalent to the M.D. Course of Tanzania. Short courses for Laboratory Technicians, Pharmacy Technicians and Premedical Courses will commence from Feb 2005. It is contemplated to start the post graduate courses in Internal Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Ophthalmology and Paediatrics from Sep 2005. Fellowship courses in certain super specialties are likely to commence from Sep 2006. The admissions are held in Feb and Sep every year.

Mission

To prepare students through regular professional courses in the fields of medical and allied sciences for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS).

To be an additional supplier from the private sector of medical service providers; key policy makers in medical services and experts/specialists (with additional training) of medical services in industries, public institutions and private institutions.

To be a catalyst in,

Ensuring that research priorities are responsive to the felt needs of the community.

Spearheading prioritization of primary medical and health care for the majority of the people.

Creation of demand for better medical services to the majority of the rural and urban population, especially to the poorest communities

Vision

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The College of Medicine is envisaged to be the centre of excellence of medical and health knowledge advancement, expansion, transmission and enhancement through training, research, outreach and public service.

STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAM, M.B.B.S. COURSE:

i) The training is organized into 9 semesters. Each semester has 23 teaching weeks with two-week breather at the end of the semester in Feb and 4 weeks vacation at the end of semester in Aug.

ii) The teaching week shall comprise of five days of eight working hours each from Monday to Friday and four hours on Saturdays. The contact hours for each week shall be 44 hours. This translates into 44 x 23 =1012 contact hours per semester.

iii) The teaching shall be organized into modules and units for each semester. Each unit shall comprise of 20 contact hours in the form of didatic lectures and 20 hours of practical/clinical or seminar classes. There shall be a continuous assessment examination at the end of each module. A university examination shall be held at the end of the semester when the teaching in a subject has been completed.

iv) A one-year of internship shall be done after graduation. This will be conducted in prescribed hospitals for such training by the Ministry of Health.

The proposed scheme of training during the 9 semesters of the MBBS training is organized into phases as follows;

i) Pre-clinical shall consist of semesters 1 – 5 during which the pre-clinical subjects of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology including parasitology, development studies, pharmacology and pathology shall be taught and examined. In addition community medicine, research training in the form of epidemiology and biostatistics. A course in clinical methods shall be carried out in order to prepare the students for their clinical training.

ii) Clinical training comprises of semesters 6 through 9. Clinical training shall be conducted during semester 6 and 7 comprising of 8 week

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rotations in medicine, surgery, paediatrics and obstetrics and gynaecology. Joint lectures in these subjects shall be given for 4 hours daily before the students break to join their respective clinical assignment. A senior rotation of 4 weeks in each of these subjects shall be held during semester 9.

iv) Semester 8 shall be devoted to public health and the medical and surgical specialties of radiology, orthopaedics, anaesthesia, psychiatry, dermatology and venereology, ophthalmology and ENT. There will be 2-hour lectures daily in these subjects except ophthalmology and orthopedics. There will be 4 weeks rotations in psychiatry, orthopedics and public health, 3 weeks rotation in ophthalmology, 2 weeks rotation in dermato-venereology and radiology and one-week rotations in ENT and anaesthetics. In addition an elective period of 8 weeks shall be held at the end of semester 8 during which the candidate will conduct field work and shall write a research report before proceeding to the last semester.

The table below gives a summary of the courses for each semester.

Semester Course Name Code Hours Units

1

Anatomy ANA100 550 27.5Development studies DES100 80 4.0Research methods EPR 100 30 1.5

2

Physiology PHY 200 395 19.3Biochemistry BCH 200 341 17.1Development studies DES 200 60 3.0Research methods EPR 200 45 2.3

3

Microbiology MIM 300 427 21.8Environmental health EPR 300 100 5.0Biostatistics/demography EPR 301 80 4.0Development studies DES 300 60 3.0Forensic medicine/ethics FME 300 30 1.5

4

Pathology PAT 400 349 17.4Pharmacology PHA 400 180 9.0Medical sociology EPR 400 120 6.0Forensic medicine/ethics FME 400 100 5.0Epidemiology EPR 401 50 2.5

5

Community health COH 500 345 17.3Management of diseases MAD 500 188 9.4Clinical methods CLM 500 190 9.5Orthopedics lectures ORP 800 75 3.8Ophthalmology lectures OPH 800 50 2.5Paediatrics rotation PED 600 352 17.6

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6 and 7 Medicine rotation MED 600 352 17.6Surgery rotation SUR 600 352 17.6Obstetrics/Gynaecology OBG 600 352 17.6

8

Public health rotation COH 800 176 8.8Psychiatry rotation PSY 800 176 8.8Orthopedics rotation ORH 800 176 8.8Ophthalmology rotation OPH 800 132 6.6Dermatology rotation DER 800 88 4.4Radiology rotation RAD 800 88 4.4ENT rotation ENT 800 44 2.2Anaesthesia rotation ANE 800 44 2.2Forensic medicine FME 800 45 2.2Elective period EPR 800 352 17.6

9Medicine rotation MED 900 176 8.8Pediatrics rotation PED 900 176 8.8Surgery rotation SUR 900 176 8.8Obstetrics/Gynaecology OBG 900 176 8.8One year Internship in a Designated Hospital

Two-hour lectures each day for 6 days each week. Therefore there will be 240 hours of lectures for each semester. This covers the theoretical teaching required.The rotations in the specialty subjects are, 4-weeks rotations in psychiatry, orthopaedics and public health, 3-weeks rotation in ophthalmology, 2-weeks rotation in radiology, dermatology. 1-week rotations in ENT and anaesthetics

MANAGEMENT OF THE PROGRAM.

1. ADMISSION REGULATIONS FOR MBBS COURSE.

1.0Duration of training.

1.1 The duration of the course is 4 ½ years spread over 9 academic semesters of 20 weeks each. These nine semesters of academic training are divided into two phases. The Pre-clinical, and the Clinical phase of training The degree is recognized by the Tanganyika Medical Council.

1.2 At the end of 4 ½ years, one year of compulsory rotary internship must be undertaken in a recognized teaching hospital.

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.1.3 . Applications can be downloaded from our website www.imtu.edu

2.0 Eligibility for MBBS Course

2.1 At least two principal level passes or its equivalent in Advanced Secondary School Examination (of National Level), or its equivalent.

2.2 Form VI of Tanzania or its equivalent qualifications as mentioned below with Biology, Physics/ Mathematics and Chemistry.

2.3 Form IV of Tanzania, or candidates of ‘O’ Level (Biology, Physics/Mathematics and Chemistry) with Diploma in Clinical Officers / Medical Assistant / Dental Assistant Courses, of a minimum of two years.

2.4 10+2 (ISCE, Intermediate Course)of India, with Biology, Physics and Chemistry, 7 + 5 of Botswana, with Biology, Physics and Chemistry (Physical Sciences) or

Level ‘A’ of GCE (General Council of Education) of UK, with Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

3. Examinations by Semester shall be conducted as shown below.

SEMESTER COURSE CODE

1. SEMESTER 1 Anatomy ANA 100Development studies DES 100Research Methods EPR 100

2. SEMESTER 2 Physiology PHY 200Biochemistry BCH 200

Development studies DES 200Research methods EPR 200

3. SEMESTER 3 Microbiology MIM 300Environmental health EPR 300Biostatistics/demography EPR 300Development studies DES 300 Forensic medicine FME 300

4. SEMESTER 4 Pathology PAT 400Pharmacology PAH 400Medical Sociology EPR 400Forensic medicine FME 400Epidemiology EPR 400

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http://www.imtu.edu/

5. SEMESTER 5 Community Health COH 500Management of diseases MAD 500 (relevant modules)Clinical methods CLM 500Orthopaedics lectures ORP 800Ophthalmology lectures OPH 800

6. SEMESTER 6-7 Medicine rotation MED 600Paediatrics rotation PED 600Surgery rotation SUR 600Obstetrics/Gynaecology rotation OBG 600

7. SEMESTER 8. Ophthalmology rotation OPH 801Public health rotation COH 800Pyschiatry rotation PSY 800Orthopedics rotation ORP 801Dermatology/STD rotation DEM 800ENT rotation ENT 800Radiology/Oncology rotation RAD 800Anaesthesia rotation ANE 800Forensic medicine/ethics. FME 800

Elective period EPR 800

8. SEMESTER 9. Medicine rotation MED 900Paediatrics rotation PED 900Surgery rotation SUR 900Obstetrics/gynaecology rotation OBG 900

Final University Examinations. MED, PED, SUR and OBG

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS.

ANATOMY COURSE, ANA 100. 600 Hours.

OBJECTIVES

a). KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course the student should be able to:

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Describe the organisational structure and gross appearances of the human body in health.

Identify different parts of the body, regionally, and systemically Relate these parts spatially and functionally, to each other Use medical/ anatomical terminology Identify microscopically the various types of cells, tissues, and

organs Describe the processes involved in the development of the

human the progression of this prenatal growth and development, both spatially and temporally

Describe congenital malformations, and how birth-defects come about

b). SKILLS. At the end of the course the student should be able to do the following,

Identify grossly and microscopically the various tissues the various cells and organs of the body in health

Use medical terminology in describing the various cells, tissues and organs of the body.

The teaching of anatomy shall be organised as shown below.

Module Code Name Lectures Practicals/Seminars TotalHours Units Hours Units Hours Units

1ANA101

General anatomy, genetics, upper and lower limbs

60 3.0 90 4.5 150 7.5

2 ANA102

Thorax, abdomen, perineum and pelvis

60 3.0 90 4.5 150 7.5

3

ANA103

Embryology and histology 60 3.0 90 4.5 150 7.5

4ANA 104

Head and neck and neuroanatomy

60 3.0 90 4.5 150 7.5

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Total 4 240 12.0 360 18.0 600 30

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES COURSE, DS 100. 80 Hours.

This will be a vertical program that will be conducted during semester 1, 2 and 3

OBJECTIVES

a). KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course, the student should be able,

Equip the student with an analytical framework for the study and understanding of the process of social development and practical development perspectives and how they influence the understanding of health and ensuing practice for realisation.

Provide the student with a realistic understanding of economic and socio-political consequences of constitutional independence and their implications on health care policies, health care systems and medical practices

Introduce students to and create awareness of the interrelationship between general development policies, socio-economic development and health. Inclusive in this will be issues of population, environment and gender

To enable students to undertake comparative analysis of development strategies and problems of developing countries and in the context be conversant with the existing different understanding of health and health carte policies.

Expose students to a framework of comparative development strategies in developing countries through a critical comparative analysis approach, thus enabling them to make rational explanations of health situations and favourable health care systems seen in different countries.

b). SKILLS. At the end of the course, the student should be able to,

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Undertake a comparative analysis of development strategies and problems of developing countries and in the context be conversant with the existing different understanding of health care policies.

Acquire tools for analysis such as critical analysis as well as an integrated approach for situating and analysing health in the development process.

Enrich the bio-medical model of health development predominates in understanding of health, enriched with grounding of health in its wider context in conformity with primary health care approaches advanced by the World Health Organisation.

Engage in a rational and productive manner in debate about the development process of Tanzania and other countries, and in particular social development as pertains to health and health care strategies.

The course shall be organized as follows,

Module Code Name Lectures Seminars/Discussions

Total

Hours Units Hours Units Hours Units

1 DES100

Theoretical and practical perspectives of development

60 3.0 20 1.0 80 4.0

2 DES 200

Development experience, strategies and comparative development trends

40 2.0 20 1.0 60 3.0

3 DES 300

Health care systems in practice and Entrepreneurship

40 2.0 20 1.0 60 3.0

Total 3 140 7.0 60 3.0 200 10.0

RESEARCH METHODS COURSE. EPR 100. 30 HOURS.

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This is part of vertical program made up of 5 modules in research methods and scientific publishing that will be conducted during semester 1 (use of computers), semester 2 (research methodology and proposal writing), semester 3 (biostatistics and demography), semester 4 (principles of epidemiology) and at the end of semester 8 there will be an elective period of 8 weeks during which the student shall be required to carry out a project and write a report before proceeding the last semester.

OBJECTIVES.

At the end of the course, the student should be able to,

Use the computer and internet to search for and download programs and files

Perform literature search Use the computer to prepare presentations Communicate with other using e-mail and other internet resources.

The course shall be organised as follows,

Module Code Name Lectures Practicals/

DemonstrationsTotal


1 EPR 100

Computer uses in research

10 0.5 30 1.5 40 2.0

Total 1 10 0.5 30 1.5 40 2.0

BIOCHEMISTRY COURSE, BCH 200. 341 Hours.

OBJECTIVES.a). KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course, the student should be able to,

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Describe the chemistry of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates and to be able to recognise their basic structures

Describe cellular organisation at molecular level Describe the structure and function of enzymes including clinical

applications of enzymology Describe the principles of biological oxidation, oxidative

phosphorylation and thermodynamics Describe processes in intermediary metabolism Describe selected concepts in molecular biology Describe the porphyrins and pigment metabolism Describe mechanisms of hormone function and signal transduction

mechanisms.

b). SKILL. At the end of the course the student should be able to do the following,

Describe gastric, thyroid, liver, renal and pancreatic function tests and relate these to normal values.

Perform a qualitative test to identify proteins, sugars and lipids

The teaching of biochemistry shall be organized as follows during semester2.


1BCH201

Cell membranes, chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids and prostaglandins,

50 2.5 30 1.5 80 4.0

2 BCH202

Proteins, Immunoglobulins,enzymology, DNA structure and function, vitamins, hormones. Techniques in biochemistry

50 2.5 20 1.0 70 3.5

Minerals, radioactive

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3 BCH 203

isotopes, biological oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids.

76 3.8 32 1.6 108 5.4

4 BCH204

Nucleic acids and energy metabolism, nutrition, detoxification and clinical function tests

68 3.4 15 0.8 83 4.2

Total 4 244 12.2 97 4.9 341 17.1

PHYSIOLOGY COURSE. PHY 200. 395 HOURS.

OBJECTIVES.

a). KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course the student is expected to be able to:

Describe the various homeostatic and control systems and the way they operate in the human body.

Enumerate the international system of units which describe mass, volume, and concentration.

Describe the general physiology of the cell membrane; membrane potentials in excitable tissues (example; muscle cells and nerves)

List the major constituents of body tissues, and describe the composition and partitioning of body fluids.

List the composition of blood and describe the general functions of blood; the formation characteristics and functions of different blood cells.

List the major divisions of the circulatory system, and describe its general organization, functions and the control of the cardiovascular system.

Describe the functional anatomy of the respiratory system, the mechanics of breathing, alveolar gas exchange and the control of the respiratory system.

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Describe the functional anatomy of the kidney, the renal mechanisms of filtration, excretion and re-absorption, concentrating and diluting mechanisms and the endocrine function of the kidney.

Describe the functional anatomy of the digestive system, the motility, secretory, digestive, absorptive and endocrine functions of the digestive system.

Explain the chemical nature of hormones, and describe how the hormones are secreted, transported in plasma, their functions and how they are metabolized and excreted.

Describe the organization of the nervous system and explain the physiological functions, sensory and motor system, autonomic nervous system; special senses.

b). SKILLS. At the end of the course, the student should be able to do the following,

Perform haemoglobin concentration estimation, packed cell volume, red cell and white cell counts

Perform ABO and rhesus blood grouping Perform a clinical examination of respiratory tract including

respiration rate, artificial respiration and spirometry Perform a clinical examination of the cardiovascular system including

blood pressure readings, pulse rate, heart sounds, jugular venous pressure and electrocardiography

Perform a clinical examination of the nervous system including the cranial nerves, reflexes, sensory and motor systems, visual acuity, colour vision and hearing tests.

The teaching shall be organised as follows during semester 2.


1 PHY201

Cellular physiology, nerve and muscle, blood, and cardiovascular physiology

85 4.3 70 3.5 155 7.8

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2PHY202

Gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive physiology

50 2.5 50 2.5 100 5.0

3

PHY203

Endocrine, neuro- and special sensory physiology

80 4.0 60 3.0 140 7.0

Total 3 215 10.8 180 9.0 395 19.8

RESEARCH METHODS COURSE. EPR 200. 145 HOURS.

OBJECTIVES. At the end of the course, the student shall be able to,

Use research methods in collecting, analysis and in the presentation of critical information to stakeholders and other audiences

Describe the physical, biological socio-cultural and environmental factors that impact on health and disease

Identify the agencies and services that are available to families and communities and the extent to which these meet the expectations and needs.

The course shall be organized as follows during semester 2.

Module Code Name Lectures Practicals/Demonstrations

Total


1 EPR 200

Research methodology and family case studies

35 1.8 110 5.5 145 7.3

Total 1 35 1.8 110 5.5 145 7.3

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MICROBIOLOGY COURSE, MIM 300. 437 HOURS.

OBJECTIVES:

a). KNOWLEDGE: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:

1. State the infective micro-organisms of the human body and describe the host parasite relationship.

2. List pathogenic micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi) and describe the pathogenesis of the disease produces by them.

3. State or indicate the mode of transmission of pathogenic and opportunistic organisms and their sources, including insect vectors responsible for transmission of infection.

4. Describe the mechanism of immunity of infections.5. Describe the methods of diagnosis of the various infections including

which clinical samples need to be collected, preserved and transported to the laboratory for diagnosis.

6. Acquire knowledge on suitable anti-microbial agents for treatment of infections and scope of immuno-therapy and different vaccines available for prevention of communicable diseases.

7. Apply methods of dis-infection and sterilization to control and prevent hospital and community acquired infections.

8. Recommend laboratory investigations regarding bacteriological examination of food, water, milk and air.

9. Describe the life cycle of medically important parasites, the organs that are commonly affected, pathogenicity and symptoms, endemicity and epidemicity, methods of control of each parasite.

b). SKILLS: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to do the following.

1. Plan and interpret laboratory investigations for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and to correlate the clinical manifestations with the etiological agent.

2 Identify the common infectious agents with the help of laboratory procedures and use anti-microbial sensitivity tests to select suitable anti-microbial agents.

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3. Perform commonly employed bedside tests for detection of infectious agents such as blood film for malaria, filaria, gram staining and Acid Fast Bacilli AFB) staining and stool sample for ova and cysts.

4. Use the correct method of collection, storage and transport of clinical material for micro-biological investigations.

The teaching of microbiology shall be organised as follows during semester3.


1MIM301

General, systematic and diagnostic bacteriology and infectious diseases

82 4.1 62 3.0 144 7.2

2MIM 302

Immunology, virology and mycology

63 3.2 70 3.5 133 6.7

3MIM 303

Parasitology and applied microbiology

90 4.5 70 3.5 160 8.0

Total 3 235 11.8 202 10.0 437 21.9

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS. EPR 300, EPR 400 AND EPR 800. 526 HOURS.

This course shall be taught during semester 3 (Environmental health and family case studies, biostatistics and demography). Semester 4 (epidemiology and medical sociology) and at the end of semester 8 (Elective period).

OBJECTIVES.

a). KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course the student should be able to,

Use the basic principles of epidemiology in research and in planning of health services

Apply epidemiological methods in assessing community health needs

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Use research methods in collecting, analyzing and in the presentation of critical information to stakeholders and other audiences

Of epidemiological methods in the control of major diseases of public health importance

Describe the physical, biological, socio-cultural and environmental factors that impact on health and disease.

Outline the demographic pattern of the country and appreciate the role of the individual, family, community and socio-cultural millieu in health and disease.

Describe the health information systems. Translate healthy policy guidelines into action with more emphasis on

health Identify environmental and occupational hazards and their control. Apply the principles of health economics, health administration and

health education in mobilizing resources for the community.

b). SKIILS. At the end of the course, the student should be able to,

Collect, analyse and present simple community and hospital base data applying biostatistical and epidemiological methods.

Diagnose and manage common health problems and emergencies at the individual, family and community levels keeping I mind the existing health care resources and in the context of prevailing socio-cultural beliefs.

Be a team leader with other members of the health care team and participate in the organization of the health care services and implementation of national health programs.

Plan and carry out a simple research project or study of a health problem in a community during the elective period and a written report.

The teaching shall be organized as follows,


1 EPR 300Environmental health and family case studies

20 1.0 80 4.0 100 5.0

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2 EPR 301

Biostatistics and demography

50 2.5 30 1.5 80 4.0

3 EPR 400

Principles of Epidemiology

30 1.5 20 1.0 50 2.5

4. EPR 401

Medical Sociology and Health Psychology

90 4.5 30 1.5 120 6.0

5 EPR800

Elective Period 176 17.6 176 17.6

Total 5 190 9.5 336 16.8 526 26.3

PATHOLOGY COURSE. PAT 400. 349 HOURS.

OBJECTIVES:

a). KNOWLEDGE: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to;

1. Describe the structure and ultra-structure of a sick cell, mechanisms of cell injury, degeneration, cell death and repair and be able to correlate structural with functional alterations.

2. Explain the patho-physiological processes that govern the maintenance of normal homeostasis, their disturbances and the morphologic and clinical manifestations associated with it.

3. Describe the mechanisms and patterns of tissue response to injury such that he/she can appreciate the patho-physiology of disease processes and their clinical manifestations.

4. Correlate normal and altered morphology (gross and microscopic) of different organ systems in common diseases and the extent needed for understanding of disease processes and their clinical significance

b). SKILLS: At the end of the course, the student should be able to:

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1. Draw a rational scheme of investigations aimed at diagnosis and management the cases of common disorders, and to be able to collect the required specimens appropriately and transmit them to the laboratory for analysis.

2. Describe the principles of technical procedures of the diagnostic laboratory tests and interpret the results.

3. Carry out simple bedside tests on blood, stool, urine, other biological fluids and pus swabs and interpret the results.

4. Be able to carry out a clinical or medico-legal autopsy examination, collect appropriate samples for chemical, toxicological or tissue examination and to write a detailed report

The course will be organized as shown below,


1PAT 401

General Pathology and Lympho- Haematopoietic System

56 2.8 53 2.7 109 5.5

2PAT 402

Systemic Pathology 1CVS, US, GIT, HEP

40 2.0 70 3.5 110 5.5

3PAT 403

Systemic Pathology 2

RS, GS, CNS, MSS, ES

60 3.0 70 3.5 130 6.5

Total 3 156 7.8 193 9.7 349 17.5

FORENSIC MEDICINE AND MEDICAL ETHICS COURSE. FME 300, 400 and 800. 190 HOURS.

This is a vertical program that will be taught during semesters 3, 4 and 8.

OBJECTIVES.

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Know the requirements of the law concerning the provisions for registration of medical and dental practitioners

Know the duties of a registered medical or dental practitioner Know the doctor-patient relationship, confidentiality of patient

information, the concept of a privileged communication and how this may be divulged

Be able to explain the concept of consent to medical examination, treatment, autopsy or participation in medical research including the concept of informed consent and research involving minors or prisoners.

Be aware of ethical issues relating to research on animals Be able to identify legal issues regarding professional misconduct and

negligence and its consequences Know the law concerning abortion and its implications, the rights of

the foetus vis-à-vis those of the mother Know the ethical issues concerning treatment and care of mentally ill

patients Be able to perform a medico-legal postmortem examinations

including ancillary investigations, take appropriate specimens and write a detailed report

Understand the chain of custody of any evidence and be able to give evidence including an expert opinion in court

Be able to interpret clinical or toxicological reports.


Total


1 FME300

Medical ethics15 0.8 30 1.5 45 2.3

2. FME400

Forensic pathology

20 1.0 80 4.0 100 5.0

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3. FME800

Medical ethics and toxicology

15 0.8 30 1.5 45 2.3

TOTAL 3 50 2.6 140 7.0 190 9.6

PHARMACOLOGY COURSE. PHA 400. 180 HOURS.

OBJECTIVES.

a). KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course, the student should be able to; Know the different dosage forms and routes of drug administration Understand the pharmacokinetics & pharmacodyanamics of drugs. Know the mechanisms of drug action doses and preparations,

therapeutic indications and contraindications & adverse drug reactions of all important drugs.

Classify the drugs into different groups and understand the status of drugs.

Have a sound knowledge of drug-drug and drug-food interactions when drug combinations are used.


(1) Interpret a graph showing the action of drugs on Frog’s rectus muscle Frog’s heart preparation Isolated rabbit duodenum preparation Isolated pig ileum preparation Dog’s blood pressure and respiration recording Nictitating membrane of cat

(2) Prepare & Dispense a lotion, liniment, ointment, emulsion and mixtures.

(3) Perform a bioassay of unknown solution on a suitable experimental animal.

The teaching of pharmacology will be organised as follows,

Module Code Content Lecture Practical TotalHrs Units Hrs Units Hrs Units

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1.

2.

3.

4.

PHA401

PHA402

PHA403

PHA404

Gen. pharmANSCVSCNS

CNSEndocrineGIT.R.SKidneyHaematinics

ChemotherapyClinicalPharmacologyTutorial

PracticalStudentSeminars

40

40

50

2.0

2.0

2.5

-

-

-

50

-

-

-

2.5

40

40

50

50

2

2

2.5

2.5

TOTAL 4 130 6.5 50 2.5 180 9.0

CLINICAL METHODS COURSE CLM 500. 190 HOURS.

OBJECTIVES.

At the end of the course, the student should be able to do the following, To present oneself properly to a patient before an interview or a

clinical examination To take a relevant detailed medical history from a patient To make a proper systematic physical examination of the patient and

to summarise the major findings To formulate a clinical working diagnosis from the history and

clinical examination findings and to draw up a list of differential diagnoses.

To list which laboratory investigations that need to be carried out in order to confirm the diagnosis and judge the patients prognosis.

The course shall be organized and taught during semester 5 as follows,


Total

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1 CLM 501

Doctor patient relationship and history taking

10 0.5 40 2.0 50 2.5

2 CLM 502

Physical examination of the systems

20 1.0 60 3.0 80 4.0

3 CLM 503

Examination of Paediatric, unconscious and psychiatric patient

20 1.0 40 2.0 60 3.0

Total 3 50 2.5 140 7.0 190 9.5

COMMUNITY HEALTH COURSE. COH 500. 531 HOURS.

OBJECTIVES

(a) KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:

Describe the health care delivery system including rehabilitation of the disabled in the country

Translate health policy guidelines into action with more emphasis on Health Sector Reform

Outline the demographic pattern of the country and appreciate the role of the individual, family, community and socio- cultural millieu in health and disease.

Describe the health information systems. Identify the environmental and occupational hazards and their control. Apply the principles of health economics, health administration and

health education in mobilising resources for the community.

(b). SKILLS: At the end of the course the student should be able to do the following:

Collect, analyse, interpret and present simple community and hospital based data applying biostatistical and epidemiology methods

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Diagnose and manage common health problems and emergencies at the individual, family and community levels keeping in mind the existing health care resources and in the context of prevailing socio- cultural beliefs.

Be a team leader and interact with other members of the health care team and participate in the organization of the health care services and implementation of national health programs

The course in community medicine shall be orgsanised as follows during semester 5.

Module Code Name Lectures

Hours Units

Practical/Seminars

Hours Units

Total

Hours Units

1 COM501

National health programs 30 1.5 40 2.0 70 3.5

2 COM502

Organisation of health services in Tanzania

20 1.0 10 0.5 30 1.5

3 COM 503

Maternal and child health services

20 1.0 60 3.0 80 4.0

4 COM504

Nutrition 15 0.7 40 2.0 55 2.7

5COM505

Planning and management 30 1.5 40 2.0 70 3.5

6 COM 506

Non-communicable disease control

20 1.0 20 1.0 40 2.0

7 COH 800

Public health rotation

176 8.8 176 8.8

Total 7 135 6.8 286 14.3 531 26.6

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MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES.

This course represents a series of theoretical lectures in each of the major clinical disciplines of medicine (MED 602 = 52 hours), paediatrics (PED 601 and 603 = 66 hours), surgery (SUR 601 and 602 = 50 hours) and gynaecology (OBG 601 = 20 hours) shall delivered during semester 5 as follows,

Number Module Code

Name Hours Units

1 MED602

Cardiovascular and respiratory system diseases

52 2.6

2PED601

Growth, development, genetics and neonatology, MCH, IMCI and nutrition

33 1.7

3 PED603

Diseases of CVS, GIT, urinary, nervous and IMCI

33 1.7

4SUR601

Principles of surgery, resuscitation and disease of skin and musculo-skeletal system

30 1.5

5 SUR602

Diseases of the gastro-intestinal system

20 1.0

6OBG601

Anatomy, embryology and physiology of female genital tract, pregnancy and childbirth

20 1.0

Total 6 188 9.4

MEDICINE COURSE. MED 600

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the medicine course the student shall be able to:(1)Use the clinical methods of history taking, clinical examination and

contemplation to make provisional diagnosis of the common diseases affecting the human person.

(2)Use the theoretical knowledge gained during the medicine course to plan the necessary investigations and the management strategies for the diseases occurring in his/her patients.

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(3)Provide appropriate guidance and advice to patients on how best they can participate in the effort of promotion of health and prevention of disease both in the individual and in the community.

(4)Recognise the conditions and situations that constitute emergencies and summon the necessary assistance to deal with them.

(5)Arrange referrals of patients to secondary and tertiary care health facilities as may be necessary.

(6)Perform common bedside diagnostic procedures.

The course in medicine shall be organised as shown below during semester 6, 7 and 9. Theoretical teaching in the form of lectures will be done during semester 5 (management of diseases), semester 6, 7 and 9 as daily lectures. There will be two rotations of 8 weeks during semester 6 or 7 and a 4-weeks rotation during 9.

Module Code Name Lectures Clinical/Practicals TotalsHours Units Hours Units Hours Units

1 MED601

Infectious diseases

36 1.8

352 17.6

2 MED602

Cardiovascular and respiratory system

52 2.6

3 MED 603

Gastrointestinal and pancreas, liver and biliary, urinary and endocrine system

58 2.9

4 MED604

Nervous and musculo-skeletal system

55 2.8

176 8.85 MED 605

Diabetes mellitus, nutritional and metabolic disease, blood, geriatrics, disaster

50 2.5

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medicine and critical care

Total 5 251 12.6 528 26.4 779 39.0

This will be covered during semester 5 as management of diseases.

PAEDIATRICS COURSE. PED 600.

OBJECTIVES

a) KNOWLEDGE: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:

Describe the normal survival, growth and development during foetal life, neonatal period, infancy and childhood and to some extent adolescence (age 5-15 years) and outline deviations thereof.

Describe the common paediatric disorders and emergencies in terms of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, rational therapy and rehabilitation.

State age related requirements of calories, proteins, nutrients like minerals and vitamins, fluids, drugs etc. in health and disease.

Describe preventive strategies for common infectious disorders, malnutrition, genetic and metabolic disorders, poisonings, accidents and child abuse.

Outline national programs relating to child health including Immunization programs.

b) SKILLS: At the end of the course, the student shall be to do the following,

Take a detailed paediatric history, conduct an appropriate clinical examination of children including neonates, make clinical diagnosis, conduct common bedside investigative procedures, interpret common laboratory investigation results and plan and institute therapy.

Take anthropometric measurements, resuscitate newborn infants at birth, prepare oral re-hydration solutions, perform tuberculin test, administer vaccines available under current national programs, perform venesection, start an intravenous saline and provide nasogastric feeding.

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Conduct diagnostic procedures such as lumbar puncture, liver and kidney biopsy, bone marrow aspiration, pleural tap and ascitic fluid tap.

Distinguish between normal newborn babies and those requiring special care including care of pre-term and low birth weight babies, provide correct guidance and counseling in breast feeding.

Provide ambulatory care to all sick children, identify indications for specialized or in-patient care and ensure timely referral of those who require hospitalization.

Be conversant with social and community children problems and their management like HIV/AIDS orphans, street children, cerebral palsy, mental deficiency etc.

Be able to recognize specialist cases for referral and where to refer to e.g. recognition of endocrine cases like congenital adrenal hyperplasia and refer to the right physician.

Deliver preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative services to children both in the community and hospital as part of a team in an integrated form with other disciplines in medicine and other social and government departments.

The teaching of paediatrics and child health shall be organised as follows during semester 6, 7 and 9.

Module Code Name Lectures Clinicals/Seminars TotalHours Units Hours Units Hours Units

1PED601

Growth and development,genetics neonatology and nutrional diseases, MCH, IMCI

33 1.7

352 17.6

2 PED602

Infectious disease, HIV/AIDS, dermatology/STDs and immunological diseases

41 2.0

3 PED 603

CVS, GIT, Urinary, nervous and IMCI

33 1.6

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176 8.8 4 PED604

Paediatric oncology, endocrinology and emotional/psychological disorders

28 1.4

5 PED 900

Seminar presentations of selected topics

- -

Total 5 135 6.7 528 26.4 663 33.1

Covered during semester 5 as management of diseases.

SURGERY COURSE. SUR 600.

OBJECTIVES.


Take a medical history, make a physical examination to elicit appropriate signs, formulate an appropriate diagnosis, request appropriate laboratory and radiological investigations, carry out the necessary tests and interpret them properly

Institute appropriate surgical or medical treatment and refer cases that require specialist care

Be a team leader in the integrated approach to surgical care in the community including teaching and supervision.

Contribute to research and continuing medical attention.

The teaching of surgery shall be conducted during semester 5, 6, 7 and 9. Management of diseases will cover theory lectures for modules SUR 601 and 602. Daily lectures shall continue during semesters 6, 7 and nine together with other clinical courses. There will a junior 8-weeks rotation during semester 6 or 7 and a senior 4-weeks rotation during semester 9.

Module Code Name Lectures Clinical/Practical TotalHours Units Hours Units Hours Units

Principles of

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1 SUR601

surgery, resuscitation, diseases of skin and musculoskeletal system

30 1.5

352 17.6

2SUR602

Disease of gastro-intestinal system

20 1.0

3SUR 603

Genitourinary system disorders

30 1.5

176 8.8

4SUR604

Endocrine, breast, thoracic cavity and hepato-biliary disorders

40 2.0

5SUR 605

Paediatric surgery

20 2.0

6.SUR 606

Trauma, degenerative and cardiovascular system disorders.

40 2.0

Total 6 180 9.0 528 26.4 718 35.4

Covered as management of diseases during semester 5.

OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY COURSE. OBG 600.

OBJECTIVES.


Acquire the right skills of history taking, examination including a pelvic examination, and to formulate a n accurate diagnosis

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Diagnose and treat appropriately common obstetric and gynaecologic conditions, and recognise and refer those that need expert care.

Recognise and treat accordingly or refer, life threatening obstetric cases

Apply preventive aspects of obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive health, including family planning methods.

The teaching shall be organised during semester 5, 6, 7 and 9. Theory classes shall be given in semester 5 for module 1 OBG 601 as part of management of disease. Other theory classes shall be given during the daily lecture classes during semesters 6,7 and 9. There will be a junior rotation of 8 weeks during semester 6 and 7 and a senior rotation of 4 weeks during semester 9. During the rotations the students shall rotate in obstetrics in small groups..


1OBG601

Anatomy, physiology, embryology of female genital tract, pregnancy and childbirth

20 1.0

352 17.6

2OBG 602

Abnormal obstetrics 50 2.5

176 8.8

3OBG 603

Gynaecology 45 2.3

Total 2 115 4.8 528 26.4 643 31.3

This will be covered during semester 5 as management of diseases.

OPHTHALMOLOGY COURSE, OPH 800.

OBJECTIVES.

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(a). KNOWLEDGE: At the end of the course, the student shall have knowledge of:

Be aware of the common problems affecting the eye Know the principles of management of major ophthalmic emergencies Describe the common systemic diseases affecting the eye Describe the effects of local and systemic diseases on patient’s vision

and the necessary action required to minimize the sequel of such diseases.

Describe the adverse drug reactions with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.

Know the magnitude of the problem of blindness Africa and its principle causes

Describe the national program for control of blindness and its implementation at various levels in Tanzania

Give health education for prevention of eye disease Describe the role of health center and rural dispensary in organization

of eye camps Describe the organization of primary health care and the functioning

of the ophthalmic assistant Endevour to integrate of the national program for control of

blindness with the other national health program in Tanzania. Organise an eye bank.

(b) SKILLS. At the end of the course, the students shall be able to do the following,

Take a pertinent history concerning general health and ocular status Perform or assist in diagnostic procedures such as visual acuity

testing, examination of eye, schiotz tonometry, staining for corneal pathology, confrontation perimetry, presbyopia and aphakia, direct ophthalmoscopy and conjunctival smear examination at cover test.

Diagnose and treat common problems affecting the eye Interpret ophthalmic signs in relation to common systemic disorders. Assist during therapeutic procedures such as sub-conjunctival

injection, corneal conjunctival foreign body removal, carbolic cautery for corneal ulcers, nasolacrimal duct syringing and tarsorraphy.

Provide first aid in major ophthalmic emergencies. Assist to organize community surveys for visual check up. Organize primary eye care services through primary health centers.

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Use effective means of communication with the public and individual to motivate for surgery in cataract and for eye donation.

Be a team leader by establishing rapport with his seniors, colleagues and paramedical workers, so as to effectively function as a member of eye care team.

The teaching of ophthalmology will be divided into parts. Theory classes will begiven during semester 5 and there will be a clinical rotation of 3 weeks during semester 8 as follows,


1 OPH801

Functional anatomy and physiology of eye, refraction, disease of conjunctiva, cornea and lids. Community ophthalmology

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132 4.4

2OPH 802

Cataract management, uveal tract and vitreous, glaucoma and retina, optic nerve, orbit visual pathways and ocular neoplasms. Strabismus and ocular surgery.

30 1.5

Total 2 50 2.5 132 4.4 182 6.9

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Theory classes given during semester 5.

PSYCHIATRY COURSE. PSY 800.

OBJECTIVES.

a). KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:

Comprehend the nature and development of different aspects or human behaviour like bio-psychosocial functioning, learning, memory, motivation, personality and intelligence.

Recognize differences between normal and abnormal behaviour Appreciate promotive and protective factors for mental health

as well as pre-disposing, precipitating and exacerbating factors of mental disturbances.

Appreciate holistic approach to management of mental disorders

Recognize clinical manifestations of the following common categories of mental disorders and be able to manage them:

Organic mental disorders Functional psychoses Anxiety conditions Personality disorders Substance abuse disorders Forensic psychiatry Psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence Interview the client and understand different methods

of communications in patient-doctor relationship Define, elicit and interpret psychological symptoms and

signs. Conduct a bio-psychosocial and diagnostic formulation

of assessed clients. Diagnose and manage psychological disturbances such

as HIV VCT counseling, crisis management, drug, alcohol and bereavement counseling.

b). SKILLS. At the end of the course, the student should be able to do the following.

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Elicit detailed psychiatric case history and conduct clinical examination for assessment of mental status.

Define and classify psychiatric disorders Identify and list biological, psychological and social factors that

influence mental illness presentation and course Diagnose and manage psychological disturbances such as HIV

voluntary counseling and testing, crisis management, drug, alcohol and bereavement counseling.

The teaching of pyschiatry shall be organised in the form of theory lectures and a clinical rotation of 4 weeks during semester 8.

Module Code Name Lectures Clinical/Practical TotalHours Units Hours Hours Units

1 PSY800

Normal and abnormal behaviour and mental illness

50 2.5 176 8.8 226 11.3

EAR NOSE AND THROAT COURSE. ENT 800.

OBJECTIVES.

a). KNOWLEDGE.

At the end of the course, the student should be able to;

Understand the functional anatomy and organisation of the region Describe the pathophysiology of common ear, nose and ear diseases

and emergencies Suggest appropriate investigations and their interpretation Assist or carry out minor surgical procedures like ear syringing, ear

dressings or nasal packing Assist in certain procedures such as tracheostomy, endoscopies and

removal of foreign bodies.

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b). SKILLS.

At the end of the course, the student should be able to do the following,

Examine and diagnose common ear, nose and ear problems including pre-malignant and malignant conditions.

Manage ear, nose and throat problems at first level of care and be able to refer when necessary.

Assist or carry out minor surgical procedures like ear syringing, ear dressings, nose packs

Assist in certain procedures such as tracheostomy, endoscopies, removal of foreign bodies and major procedures like tonsillectomy or laryngectomy.

The course in oto-rhino-laryngology (ENT) shall consist of theory lectures and a clinical of 1 week during semester 8.

Module Code Name LectureHour

Unit Practical/Clinic Hr

Unit TotalHour Unit

1 ENT 800Diseases ofEar, nose and throat 55 2.8 44 2.2 99 5.0

DERMATOLOGY COURSE. DEM 800.

OBJECTIVES.

a). KNOWLEDGE. At the end of the course, the student should,

Be able to recognise common dermatological symptoms and diseases and manage them accordingly

Be able to recognise and treat sexually transmitted diseases appropriately and refer those who need specialist care

Be able to collect appropriate clinical samples including biopsies, transport them safely and appropriately to laboratory for examination

Be able to interpret laboratory results Have knowledge concerning dermatological preparations and their

uses.

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Take an appropriate medical history and examine a patient with dermatological diseases, formulate a diagnosis, make appropriate laboratory investigations and institute the required management.

Collect appropriate laboratory samples and be able to interpret the results

Give emergency treatment and refer patients who need specialist care Determine the prevalence of dermatological illness in a community

and advise on appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of disease.

The teaching of dermatology shall be organised with theory lectures and a clinical rotation of 2 weeks during semester 8 as follows,

Module Code Name LectureHour

Unit Practical/Clinical Hours Units

Total

Hour Unit 1 DEM

800Dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases

30 1.5 88 4.4 118 5.5

ORTHOPAEDICS COURSE. ORP 800.

OBJECTIVES.

(a). KNOWLEDGE: At the end of the course, the student be able to:

Explain the principles of recognition of bone injuries and dislocation. Apply suitable methods to detect and manage common infections of

bones and joints. Identify congenital, skeletal anomalies and their referral for

appropriate correction or rehabilitation. Recognize metabolic disease as seen in this country in Tanzania. Explain etiogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis of neoplasm affecting

bones.

(b). SKILLS. At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:

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Diagnose sprains and common fractures using appropriate clinical and radiological means and manage uncomplicated fractures of clavicle, Colle’s, forearm, phalanges etc.

Use techniques of splinting, plaster, immobilization etc. Manage common bone infections, learn indications for sequestration,

amputations and corrective measure for bone deformities. Advice aspects of rehabilitation for polio, cerebral palsy and

amputation. Be able to perform certain orthopedic skills, provide sound advice of

skeletal and related conditions at primary or secondary health care level.

The course in orthopedics shall be organised with theory lectures during semester 5 and a clinical rotation of 4 weeks during semester 8 as follows,

Module Code Name Lecture

Hour Unit

Practical/ClinicalsHours Unit

Total

Hour Unit

1 ORP 800

Traumatology, metabolic, congenital and neoplastic disease of bone, joints and muscle

75 3.8 176 8.8 251 12.6

Theory lectures given during semester 5.

RADIOLOGY COURSE. RAD 800.

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:

Understand basics of x-ray production, its uses and hazards. Recognise radiologic changes in bones and soft tissues in order to

diagnose fractures, infections, tumours and metabolic bone diseases.

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Learn the principles and uses of various imaging techniques, including isotopes, computerised tomography (C.T), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (M.R.I) and D.S.A.

Use basic protective techniques during various imaging procedures. Take a detailed history, make physical examination, plan laboratory

and radiological investigations, formulate a diagnosis of malignant disease and plan on management including, medical, surgical or radiotherapy as appropriate.

The teaching of radiology shall be organized with theory lectures and a clinical rotation of 2 weeks during semester 8 as follows,

Module Code NameLectures

Hours Unit

Practical/Clinicals Hours Units

Total

Hours Units

1 RAD 800

Diagnostic radiology, imaging techniques and radiotherapy

30 1.5 88 4.4 118 5.9

ANAESTHESIOLOGY COURSE. ANE 800.

OBJECTIVES.

At the ends of the course, the student should be able to,

Examine patients to determine their suitability for surgery and administration of anaesthetic agents

To determine appropriate anaesthjetic method suitable for each patient To know the effects, side effects and unexpected effects of anaesthetic

agents and their management and methods of resuscitation. To know and be able to use the EMO system and be familiar with

Boyle’s machine. To be able to perform intubation safely.

The teaching of anaesthesia shall be conducted with theory lectures and a clinical rotation of one week during semester 8 as follows.

Module Code Name Lecture

Hour Unit

Practical/Clinicals Hour Units

TotalHour Unit

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1 ANE 800 Anaesthesiology 20 1.0 44 2.2 64 3.2

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