College English New Horizon Reading Writing Translating Foreign Language Teaching & Research Department Book 3.

College English New Horizon

Reading

Writing

Translating

河北大学外语部Foreign Language Teaching & Research Department

Book 3Book 3

Unit 2 Exercise and Health

• Understand the unexpected effects of exercise on human body.

• Practice distinguishing between facts and opinions.

• Write a short paragraph following the “effect-causes” pattern.

Learning objectives

Contents Unit 2

• Warming-up• Section A• Section B & C• Online task

Warming up Unit 2

• Background information

• Audio-visual materials

• Idea sharing (A topic for discussion]

Background information

Purdue is a public, engineering, doctoral- granting university located in West Lafayette, Indiana. Founded in 1869 and named after benefactor John Purdue, Purdue University provides agriculture, mechanic arts education, etc. for students from over130 countries.

Purdue University

Background information

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise is the official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, which helps readers enhance their basic understanding about the role of physical activity in human health and function. The Journal includes original peer-reviewed articles, relevant discussions following each article to provide understanding of how a particular study contributes to other research topics, advances in methodology, as well as viewpoints of leading scientists and physicians. With it, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education and allied health fields.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Background information

The digestive system is a series ofhollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth,stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. Two solid organs, the liver and the pancreas, produce digestive juices that reach the intestine through small tubes. In addition, parts of other organ systems (for instance, nerves and blood) play a major role in the digestive system.

Digestive System

Idea-sharing (Group Work)

• What exercise do you take regularly?

• What do you know about

the positive and negative effects of exercise?

Idea-sharing: forms of exercise

aerobic exercise: Squats

( 蹲坐 ); Abdominal( 腹部 )

exercises; Lunges ( 俯卧撑 ); Push-ups ( 上推 Running; Walking;

football, basketball,

tennis, swimming,

bowling, Tai chi, Yoga

Idea -sharing: Benefits of Exercise

• reduce diseases, • lower blood pressure • Reduce blood cholesterol • Boost bone strength • Burn calories and keep

weight down • improve fitness and

endurance,• lower heart rate, • efficient pumping of the

heart,• combat daily stress

Idea-sharing: Negative Effects of Exercise

• Physical injuries• higher risk of fracture • back pain • stress on the heart• Sudden death due to

heart attack• iron deficiency

Group Work: Jigsaw• Work in groups of four: 1, 2, 3, 4;• Each member contributes at least two forms of exercise to

the group; novel ideas are welcome.• Two members (1 & 2) think about all the positive effects,

the other two (3&4), the negative; • Exchange ideas so that each member is clear of some basic

ideas of both sides. • Rearrange ideas and Member 3 in each group reports to the

whole class. • The rest of the class take notes while listening.

• What can you learn about exercise from Passage A?

Section ASection A

Section AIron and the Effects of Exercise

• Text understanding

• Structure analysis：Check your vocabulary

• Writing skill• Sentence analysis• words and

expressions• Post-reading

activity

1. If a woman suffers from iron deficiency, what 1. If a woman suffers from iron deficiency, what can she do to bounce back?can she do to bounce back?

Comprehension questionsComprehension questions

additional meat, iron supplementsadditional meat, iron supplements

Section ASection A

2.Why are women more likely to suffer from iron 2.Why are women more likely to suffer from iron deficiency?deficiency?

monthly bleedingmonthly bleeding

3. How does exercise cause iron deficiency?3. How does exercise cause iron deficiency?

a variety of mechanisms, sweat, a variety of mechanisms, sweat,

bleeding of the digestive systembleeding of the digestive system

Comprehension questionsComprehension questions Section ASection A

4. How many stages does iron deficiency go through?4. How many stages does iron deficiency go through?

Three.Three.

下一页

5. What does it mean when you are in the third 5. What does it mean when you are in the third stage of iron deficiency?stage of iron deficiency?

in trouble, iron reserves go to zero, feel weak, in trouble, iron reserves go to zero, feel weak, tired and out of breathtired and out of breath

Section ASection AComprehension questionsComprehension questions

6. What are good sources of iron?6. What are good sources of iron?

meat, chicken, fish, dates, beans, meat, chicken, fish, dates, beans,

leafy green vegetables.leafy green vegetables.

7. If someone has low iron reserves, what should he 7. If someone has low iron reserves, what should he avoid?avoid?

coffee or tea with mealscoffee or tea with meals

Comprehension questionsComprehension questions Section ASection A

True or false: Find evidences from the text to support yourself.

• Only intense endurance exercise can result in iron deficiency, but moderate exercise is OK. (para.1)

• Men are not so likely to have iron loss as women are. (para.9)

• By checking levels of the blood protein, you can know easily whether you have iron deficiency or not. (para. 9)

• To avoid iron loss, exercisers should take iron supplements every day. (para.10)

•

F

T

F

F

Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. (para.1-3)

Causes for iron deficiency among women

(paras.4-6)

Stages of iron deficiency and the importance to check iron reserves(paras.7-9)

Advice on how to remedy iron deficiency. (paras. 10-12)

Text Structure Analysis Section ASection A

Structure Analysis: check your vocabulary

• Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females, have iron deficiencies. They found that women who were normally and then started a program of exercise showed evidence of iron loss. Women who consumed additional meat or took iron were able to . But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a in iron levels.

frequentlyvery often

inactive moderate

supplements

bounce back

decrease

BackBack

not active average amount of

补充剂恢复过来

下降

Cause 1 Cause 4

Iron deficiency is common among women, especially active women.

(ignore) of the amount of iron they take

Cause 2 Cause 3

Monthly(blood)

( 拒绝不吃 ) red meat

( 限制 )diet to control weight

Ignorance

bleedingRejecting Restricting

Paras. 4-6

BackBack

Cause 5

Exercise

Structure Analysis: check your vocabulary

Effect

Structure Analysis: check your vocabulary

(1) The first and most common is having , a condition that typically has no symptoms.

(2) Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that

to the working muscles.

(3) In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath — and exercise performance

is .

BackBack

low iron reserves

transport oxygen

severely compromised

Three Stages of Iron Deficiency

（铁储备量低）

（输送氧气）

（大打折扣）

Structure Analysis: check your vocabulary

Correcting iron deficiency

Modifying diet

Taking supplements

(1) The best sources of iron are ____, _______, and ____. (2) Good sources of other forms of iron include _____, _____, and some ___________ __________.(3) Eat food with plentiful .(4) Avoid drinking or with meals.

(1) Supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to .

(2) They may be in some casesthrow up

poisonous

meat chickenfish

iron-added Vitamin C

datesleafy green vegetables

beans

tea coffee

BackBack

Writing Skill: Cause and Effect

• cause : a reason for an effect or result

• effect / result : a development, a consequence

(1) Because of the moon's gravitational pull, there are ocean tides.

(2) The ocean tides are affected by the moon's gravitational pull.

(3) The moon has a gravitational pull; consequently, there are ocean tides.

e.g.:

Sentence Patterns that Indicate

Cause and Effect • {Because of / Due to} X, there is Y.

Or {Because of / Due to} X, Y happens.• X {affects / influences} Y.

Or Y{ is affected / is influenced} by X. • X {causes / produces / results in }Y.

Or Y {is caused / is produced by / is a result of / is due to} X.

Writing Skill: Cause and Effect

Rewrite sentences (a) and (b) into one sentence with the vocabulary that indicates cause and effect.

(a) Daily exercise strengthens the heart.

(b) Many people who exercise daily have healthy hearts.

(a) Cakes and candy are high in sugar. (b) Cakes and candy are bad for the teeth.

Because/As/Since daily exercise strengthens the heart, many people who exercise daily have healthy hearts.

Cakes and candy are high in sugar. Therefore/So/ Consequently/As a consequence, they are bad for the teeth.

Writing Sample

Good health is affected by a balanced diet. On the other hand, if we do not eat well, this could cause problems and we could become very sick. For instance, if our diet lacks Vitamin A, blindness may result. Many problems affecting the skin and the teeth are due to a lack of Vitamin C. When our diet contains recommended amounts of Vitamin A and C, however, our ability to fight diseases like cancer is greatly affected. So it makes sense to eat well because this results in a longer and healthier life.

Underline the topic sentence and also underline words that specify cause and effect.

Topic1: Diet and Health

Topic 2: Exercise and Health

Writing Practice

Tips for You

• Give an outline of your writing first.

• Discuss with your partner whether the outline agree with the topic. Make some modification if necessary.

• Write your composition according to the outline.

• Group assessment.

1. Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. (L13-14)

A quarter of female teenagers and one fifth of women at the age of 18 to 45 have the problem of iron deficiency.

Sentence Analysis

缺铁在多数女性中是很常见的，十多岁的少女四人中有一人缺铁， 18 至 45 岁的女性五人中有一人缺铁。

“Respectively” modifies “one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45”, indicating each group separately.

Sentence analysis2. For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency. (L27-28)

对于那些已经缺铁的女性，任何因锻炼而产生的更多铁离子流失都足以导致足以导致体内缺铁状况的恶化的恶化。

If a woman who already has less iron than necessary starts a program of exercise that causes more loss of iron, then her iron status will change greatly and she'll be put in a more serious state of iron deficiency.

tip (sb.) over the edge: bring about a noticeable change; (cause to) develop into another status

3. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. (L35-37)

• 到了缺铁的第二阶段，就会出现疲倦和力不从心，此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子，将氧输至运动着的肌肉。

In the second stage of deficiency when there is no enough iron to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles, one may begin to feel very tired and unable to do their activities properly.

4. If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem.(L69-70)

• If you are careful enough to notice the signs of low iron level in your body, you can correct the iron deficiency before the condition becomes too serious to deal with.

如果你在铁离子储量流失之前就注意到了警告信号，你就可以在它真正成为问题之前弥补铁离子的不足。

Words and Expressions

1. moderate a. (L6)

Can you guess what “a moderate political group” ？

食用适量的脂肪对健康有益。

Meaning: not too much ; not extreme

e.g.: Eating a moderate amount of fat is healthy.

Yes, a political group that is mild, neutral and never goes to extremes.

2. supplement n. (L10)

Translationa vitamin supplement

a supplement to a monthly financial magazine

v. They are doing extra jobs outside their regular

ones to supplement their incomes.

维生素补剂维生素补剂

一份金融月刊的增刊一份金融月刊的增刊

除了常规工作外，他们还干些零活，以补充收入除了常规工作外，他们还干些零活，以补充收入。。

Words and Expressionssupplementary a.

3. Liable a.

• If you don't take care of yourself, you're liable to get sick.

•他还要负责偿还助学贷款。

如果你不照顾好自己，就有可能生病。如果你不照顾好自己，就有可能生病。

Words and Expressions

Meaning: be likely to; Meaning: be likely to; responsible

He is still liable for repaying his student loan.

4. digest vt.

• Some people have difficulty digesting milk. How about you?

Words and Expressionseat and absorb; understand

他能以惊人的速度消化大量的信息 .

n. a short written report of a longer piece The Sunday newspaper includes a digest of last week's major stories.

He could digest an enormous amount of information with amazing speed.

周日的报纸上有一则上周主要事件的摘要。

Translation

vessel n.

a fishing vessel1.container for liquid

3.tube

Words and Expressions

2. a large boat or a ship

The remains of some Roman earthenware vessels were found during the dig.

blood vessel

渔船

血管

allowance n.1) the amount allowed or granted 限额，定量

e.g. : Most of our flights have a baggage allowanceallowance of 20kg pe

r passenger.

我们的大多数航班容许每位旅客免费带 20 公斤行李。

What is your weekly allowance of milk?Use it

Words and Expressions

e.g. The manager traveled on business with an allowanceallowance that covered hotel and restaurant bills.

这位经理出差时有包括食宿的补贴。

2) Something, such as money, given at regular

intervals or for a specific purpose 津贴，补贴等

Words and Expressions

Post-reading activity:

• Role-play:• Jenny is an active girl who does a

lot of exercise such as running and tennis. Recently she feels tired all the time and falls asleep in class. She goes to the doctor, who analyzes the reasons for her and gives her some suggestions on diet.

Reading skill: distinguish between facts and opinions

What are facts?

1) Facts tell what really happened or what

really is the case.

2) Something that is a certainty known by

actual experience or observation,

3) Not change from person to person, or

from place to place.

Distinguish between facts and opinions

• What are opinions?1) Statements of belief, judgment or feeling. 2) They show what someone thinks or feels

about a subject. 3) Solid opinions, of course, are based on

facts. However, opinions are still somebody’s view of something and are not facts themselves.

• 1. An eight-year study of 13,000 people found that those who walked 30 minutes a day had a significantly lower risk of premature death than those who rarely exercised.

• 2. Not only does exercise help reduce the risk of developing numerous diseases, it may also be effective in reducing the perception of pain, even among those with chronic pain in the lower back.

Reading practice: Which is fact? Which is opinion?Reading practice: Which is fact? Which is opinion?

F

O

The former part of the sentence states a household fact, while the latter part, which is the focus of the sentence, shows the author’s point of view which still needs to be proved.

Sentence Structure1. A succession of scientific studies of animals implies

that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning. (Para.1)

A succession of … implies/shows/indicates/suggests/demonstrates/proves that … 一系列…表明…

一系列实验表明他的想法是正确的。

A succession of experiments indicates that his idea is right.

2. “In contrast, … possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.” (Para. 7)

Sentence Structure

than 从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语时则倒装。

e.g. e.g. I spend less than I spend less than do do nine out of ten people in my nine out of ten people in my position.position.

我花费的，比在我职位上十分之九的人少。我花费的，比在我职位上十分之九的人少。

Topic discussion

• Group presentation• You are a volunteer for

the 2008 Olympic Games and talk before a large audience (old and young) about the effects of exercise, recommend different forms of exercise for different people and give warnings.

Online task

• What do you know about Yoga and Chinese Tai chi? Why do you think they are so popular nowadays?

2007.5

河北大学外语部Foreign Language Teaching & Research

Department