United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Statistical Division United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Statistical Division Collecting information on emigration at the census Olga Chudinovskikh (Lomonosov Univ.) Rudolf Anich (UNECE) Enrico Bisogno (UNECE)
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Collecting information on emigration at the census
Collecting information on emigration at the census. Olga Chudinovskikh (Lomonosov Univ.) Rudolf Anich (UNECE) Enrico Bisogno (UNECE). Main questions on emigration. How many nationals/previous residents are living abroad? What are the main countries of destination - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeStatistical DivisionUnited Nations Economic Commission for EuropeStatistical Division
Collecting information on emigration at the census
Olga Chudinovskikh (Lomonosov Univ.)
Rudolf Anich (UNECE)
Enrico Bisogno (UNECE)
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 2
Main questions on emigration
How many nationals/previous residents are living abroad?
What are the main countries of destination How long have been emigrants absent from the country
of origin? What are the main reasons for moving abroad? What is the social-demographic profile of the emigrants? Do the emigrants intend to return back? Do the emigrants have economic ties with the original
household?
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 3
Using the census for estimating emigration: some countries tried
Georgia 2002
Tunisia 2004
Panama 1990
Used a special module for household members who left the country during a period before the census
Nepal 1981
El Salvador 1992
Guatemala 1994
Dominican Republic 1992
Venezuela 1990
Used a special module for household members living abroad regardless of when they left the country
Moldova 2004
Poland 2002
Singapore 2000
Included specific questions in the census form, as any other household member (emigrants identified in data processing)
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 4
Focus of this exercise: 4 countries
Georgia Tunisia Moldova Poland
Date of census Jan. 2002 April 2004 Oct. 2004 May 2002
Resident Population 4.372.000 9.911.000 3.383.000 38.230.000
Emigrants 114.000 76.000 273.000 786.000
Ratio emigrants/resident population
2,6% 0,8% 8,1% 2,1%
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 5
Outline of analysis
1. Description of practices
2. Count of emigrants vs. population count
3. Accuracy of emigration count
4. Lessons learned
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 6
Georgia (2002)
Target group: • Previous household members who left the
country after 1991• Absent from Georgia for 12 months or longer
Respondents: Any adult member of the household Relatives, neighbours, administrative authorities
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 7
Georgia: census module for emigrants
Questions asked:
Demographic-social characteristics: Relationship to reference person, sex, date of birth, place of birth, education, nationality
Date of emigration Country of emigration and currently living Reason of emigration Economic support:
family emigrant and emigrant family Intention to return
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 8
Tunisia (2004)
Target group:
Persons who at the time of the census: abroad for 6 months or longer member of the family nucleus 5 years before the
census
Respondents:
Members of the family nucleus (spouse and unmarried children)
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 9
Tunisia: census module for emigrants
Questions asked:
Demographic-social characteristics: sex, date and country of birth, country of citizenship
Relationship to reference person Date of emigration Reason to move Country of destination
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 10
Moldova (2004)
Target group: Permanent resident registered in the country Person ‘temporarily’ abroad (regardless of the
duration and reason of absence)
Respondents: Household members of the absent person
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 11
Moldova: questions in the census questionnaire
Questions asked in the individual questionnaire: At 12:00 a.m. of census day the person was:
o Temporarily absent, and left on _______o In other locality of the countryo Abroad (please indicate the country: ________________)
Reason:o For worko For studyo Other reason
Absence duration:o Less than one yearo More than one year (please indicate the year when left:
________________)
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 12
Poland (2002)
Target group: Permanent resident registered in Poland Person ‘temporarily’ staying abroad for 2
months (regardless of the period of stay)
Respondents: Family members of the absent person Persons living with the absentee before his/her
departure Neighbours
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 13
Poland: questions in the census questionnaire
Questions asked in the individual questionnaire): Do you live here permanently and were you present or absent on census reference day or do you
stay here temporarily? o Live permanently – presento Live permanently – absent stay in other place in Polando Live permanently – absent stay abroado Stay temporarily – arrived from other place in Polando Stay temporarily – arrived from abroad
What is the real duration of your absence or staying?o Up to 2 months o Between 2 and 6 monthso Between 6 and 12 months o 12 months and more
What is the reason of your absence or staying?o Educationo Worko Family reasonso ……………………
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 14
Two main typologies
Georgia and Tunisia: separate module
Moldova and Poland: questions in the main questionnaire
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 15
Different impact on population count
Georgia and Tunisia: emigrants excluded from population count
Moldova and Poland: emigrants included in population count
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 16
Accuracy of emigration count
How to assess if these modules were successful to count emigrants?
Data obtained from the census compared with data collected in
receiving countries
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 17
Main destination countries
Georgia Tunisia Moldova Poland
Destination countries
% Destination countries
% Destination countries
% Destination countries
%
Russia 64.1% France 42.2% Russia 56.2% Germany 37.4%
Greece 16.2% Italy 22.4% Italy 19.4% USA 20.1%
Germany 4.3% Lybia 7.1% Romania 3.9% Italy 5.0%
USA 3.8% Germany 6.5% Portugal 3.5% Canada 3.7%
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 18
Citizens of Poland living in other countries (2004)
Tunisia: ratio between data from Tunisian census and data from destination countries
0102030405060708090
100
Nationals of Tunisia inItaly
Nationals of Tunisia inGermany
Total
Males
Females
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 22
Lessons learnt
Data collection worked well for emigrants that: Had left the country in the years just before the census
(up to 5 yrs.) Are more likely to keep close ties with the country
(Polish data were better for Italy and Germany than for emigrants in the US or Canada)
Are members of the family nucleus that is left behind (e.g. Tunisian males)
Are still included in an administrative register (Poland)
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 23
To conclude…
It’s fundamental to keep separate the count of population from the count of emigrants (persons residing abroad for 1 year or more)
The census cannot provide a good estimate of the total number of emigrants living abroad
It’s important to identify what group of emigrants we can reasonably count in a census. (For example, those having left the country in the last years and having close family ties)
UNECE Statistical Division Slide 24
To conclude… An emigration module can provide important information on
‘qualitative’ aspects such as: geographical distribution of emigrants, information on households left behind, reason of migration, socio-economic characteristics, etc.
Accurate test of questions/module is necessary (use experience of other countries)
Choice of respondents is fundamental (undercounting vs. overcounting)
Use of data from receiving countries is a good source for total counts