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Grupo SALUVET [email protected]
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Collantes-Fernández Ea, Rojo-Montejo Sb, Moreno-Gonzalo Ja, Sánchez-Sanchez Ra, Osoro Kb, Ortega-Mora LM a.
aSALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,
Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. b SERIDA, Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Spain
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Grupo SALUVET [email protected] http://www.ucm.es/info/saluvet/
EEC Directives Requirements for trade in
bovine semen
Listed disease
BonDurant, 2005; Rae & Crews, 2006
Endemic disease in areas: - Extensive management
- Natural mating
Argentina Costa Rica California Florida
28% 18% 16% 30%
Erradicated in dairy cattle
- Artificial insemination (AI) - Effective control programms
Bovine Trichomonosis (BT)
Sexually transmitted disease (STD) considered an important cause of early
reproductive failure in cattle
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Grupo SALUVET [email protected] http://www.ucm.es/info/saluvet/
Expansion of extensively managed beef herds
(CAP reforms, green thinking …)
Re-emergence of BT
BT in Spain
Source: MAGRAMA, 2011
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Cat
tle
ce
nsu
s (x
10
00
)
Years
Beef cattle
Dairy cattle
Cat
tle
cen
sus
(x1
00
0)
Natural breedingShared
bulls
Shared grazing
Lack of bulltesting for STD
Main risk factors for BT
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SALUVET: Spanish reference laboratory
BT in Spain
Fig 2. Collection of preputial smegma samples and diagnostic methods for BT
Trichotomy and cleaningthe preputial area
Preputial massage
Scrape the preputial mucosa
Wash thescraper in
PBS
Add toculturemedias
Transportinmediately
without cooling
Culture and PCR
- Culture and PCR - Optimization and validation of
methods (Mendoza-Ibarra et al., 2012) Increased in the BT diagnosis
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(Collantes-Fernandez, et al., 2015)
15.07%(133/491)
30.8%(36/117)
16,9%(217/1272)
Infe
cted
bu
lls(%
)
2009-2010 2011-2012 2013-2014
Results of bovine trichomonosis diagnosis in breeding bulls
BT in Spain
15.1% 16.9%
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2009-20102011-2012
2013-2014
28.9%(15/52)
13%(47/360)
14.2%(101/710)
32.3% (21/65)
20.6%(27/131)
18.1%(176/974)
Dehesa system
Mountain system
(Collantes-Fernandez, et al., 2015)
Mountain areas - Central and Northern Spain - Traditional cow-calf farms - Highland grazing areas
‘Dehesa’ areas
- South Western Spain - Agro-silvopastoral systems
-Fenced grazing areas
Management systems
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Prevalence
Bulls 13/327
Herds 12/229
Random sampling in representative beef cattle breeds kept in extensive conditions in mountain areas
(RTA2009-00136-C02; Mendoza-Ibarra et al., 2012, 2013)
Prevalence
Bulls 29/103
Herds 38/65
31.1%
41.5%
Asturiana de la Montaña
Asturiana de los Valles
4.0 %
5.2 %
BT in Spain
The prevalence of BT is likely to vary depending on how the cattle are managed (AI, bull age, communal lands and shared bulls)
Mendoza-Ibarra et al., 2012, 2013
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Grupo SALUVET [email protected]
http://www.ucm.es/info/saluvet/ <<<<<<<<<< Collantes-Fernández et al., 2014
Parameter
Infected herds
Non-infected herds
Differences (infected vs
non-infected Mean SEM Mean SEM
Calving interval (days) 500.6 8.9 421 5.2 +79.5 (P<0.05)
Cow-in-calf (%) 63.8 3.16 80.9 2.85 -17.2 % (P<0.05)
Asturiana de la Montaña
Reproductive impact
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January-May: - Non-infected 88.5% (469/530) - Infected: 72.55% (304/419) (P<0.0001)
Parameter
Infected herds
Non-infected herds
Differences (infected vs
non-infected Mean SEM Mean SEM
Calving date 4
May 95.5 days
30 March
62.5 days
+ 35 days
(Collantes-Fernandez, et al., 2014)
Jan
Feb
Mar
chApril
May
June Ju
lyAug
SepO
ctNov
Dec
0
10
20
30
Infected
Non-infected
Calv
ing
perc
en
tag
e
*
*
*
*
*
*
Distribution of the calving percentages by month
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Economic impact
(Collantes-Fernandez, et al., 2014)
↓25-28 kg ↓53€ /calf
68.7 %
32.9%
9.6%
26.2 % 8 %
18 %
BT could reduce income by 68.7%, with a reduced calf crop and an excess of days open as the main causes of economic losses.
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Options for BT control Testing and culling policy (voluntary)
No effective therapy No commercial vaccines
Natural breeding
Shared bulls
Shared grazing
BT control in Spain
Efficacy of a control program based on testing and culling infected bulls in beef cattle managed under mountain pastoral systems of Northern Spain
Asturiana de la Montaña
BT: 41.5%
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↓59 days
↑ 17.7% ↓98 days
↑ 17.7%
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL MEASURES
Testing and culling of infected bulls in two consecutive years
Testing and culling of infected bulls was an effective measure to improve reproductive efficiency
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Before culling
After culling (1st year)
32 %
12.7% 13.6 %
Incidence 22.7 %
Prevalence
(Collantes-Fernandez, et al., 2014)
After culling (2nd year)
The testing and culling policy does not seem to be effective enough to control BT
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CONCLUSIONS
Importance of BT in extensively managed beef cattle in Spain
A significant deleterious effect on reproductive efficiency was found as a consequence of T. foetus infection
Need for implementation of regular monitoring programs of the bulls and control measures for BT
T. foetus infection reduced income in infected herds
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Grupo SALUVET [email protected] http://www.ucm.es/info/saluvet/
The real importance of this disease in Europe is unknown
EU
Su
ckle
r co
ws
Sources: EUROSTAT E-25
More studies should be accomplished in Europe to investigate BT in
geographical areas and cattle where natural breeding is practised
Rural development policy 2007-2013
Future
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Acknowledgement Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Members of SALUVET group and Animal Production Systems group from SERIDA Projects RTA2009-00136-C02, MAGRAMA no. 2013002000802, PLATESA S20137ABI-2906 and
CYTED-PROTOZOOVAC. We also express our gratitude to veterinarians and farmers
Thermo Fisher Scientific and its affiliates are not endorsing, recommending, or promoting any use or application of Thermo Fisher Scientific products presented by third parties during this seminar. Information and materials presented or provided by third parties are provided as-is and without warranty of any kind, including regarding intellectual property rights and reported results. Parties presenting images, text and material represent they have the rights to do so.
Thank you very much for your attention