Collaboration at the Center of the Digital Universe: AV System Design Solutions for Evolving AV Technologies Karl Rosenberg Regional Application Specialist Extron Electronics
Collaboration at the Center of the Digital Universe:
AV System Design Solutions for Evolving AV Technologies
Karl RosenbergRegional Application Specialist
Extron Electronics
Agenda
• Collaborative Spaces Defined• Design Challenges• AV System Design Considerations• Digital System Considerations
• Cables• Signal Integrity• EDID• Content Protection
Collaborative Spaces
• Any space that emphasizes group learning and collaboration• Over networked computers• Across mobile devices• By viewing shared displays
Collaborative Space Characteristics
• Supports active learning between groups • Allows for easy transfer of information • Can effectively display multiple media types from any work station • Is flexible enough to accommodate different ways of working
TILE Classroom at University of Iowa
Collaborative Space Benefits
• Fully supports the active learning processes • Dramatically improves learner engagement• Allows instructor to teach from any location in the classroom• Supports multiple teaching and learning styles
Active Learnig Classroom at University of Washington
Collaborative Spaces – K - 12
• In-classroom, hands-on collaboration• Artistic projects• Vocational teaching spaces
SMART Collaborative Classroom, Providence Spring Elementary, Charlotte, NC
Collaborative Spaces – Higher Ed
• Collaboration in smaller classrooms • Teaching hospitals• Learning labs
Collaborative Spaces – Corporate
• Boardrooms• Video conferencing with real-time
document sharing and editing• Training spaces
• Hands-on collaboration• Product demonstrations
• Simulation labs • Huddle rooms
Collaborative Spaces – Government
The sp.ace in Building 29 at Johnson Space Center. Image Credit: NASA JSC/Christopher Gerty
• Diverse learning technologies• Skype, SMS, podcasts• Courseware management systems
• Remote interaction systems • Videoconferencing, Web-cameras,
application-sharing suites
Virtual Technology
HP Visual Collaboration Room 220
Key Considerations
• Speed/ease of setup• Configurable control• Space appropriate
AV furniture/devices• Unified network access
• Even sound distribution• Video quality
• Signal integrity • Cables
• System flexibility
• Needs of the people using/supporting the system
Wall Mount Touchpanels
• Convenience – book rooms directly from a touchpanel, computer, or mobile device
Speed/Ease Of Setup
LED indicators of room availability from down the hall
Configurable Control
• How to control AV?• Convenience – room location• Simplicity
Wall mounted controller
Touchpanels can be desk mounted,
lectern mounted, or sit on a tabletop
Collaboration systems are a turn-key alternative
Cable connections for control integrated into table
AV Furniture
• Select space appropriate AV furniture, sources, and displays
Presence Podium, SMARTdesks
Speakers situated within limited wall space beside display
Learning Pod Sources and Displays
• Room provided sources• PCs• Laptops
• Connectivity for BYOD• Laptop• iPad or tablet• Smartphone
• Whiteboard for team collaboration
• Wireless devices • Displays – one or two
Unified Network Access
• Remote control and troubleshooting• AV system data collection for reporting• System-wide monitoring and scheduling on a single platform
TCP/IPNetwork
Sound Distribution
• Room size and acoustics• Interactivity between sites• Voice reinforcement – table or ceiling microphones?
Active Learning Classroom, University of Minnesota
Sound Distribution
• Use of sound reinforcement• Speakers
• Voice and program audio reinforcement• Wall mounted speaker• Stereo sound• Directional sound – loud in front of classroom,
uneven sound distribution
• Ceiling mounted speakers• Better sound distribution• Number of speakers suggested
Video Distribution
• Ability to share different devices
Moderator mode:Controls content being displayed
Wireless Collaboration Gateway
Design Considerations
• Stand-alone or system?• System requirements• I.D. current and future
technology needs• Room size• Number of tables• Inputs per table• Displays per table • Number of main displays
Video Considerations
• System Sources, Processors, and DisplaysPlayback Source Processor Display
Blu-ray
Satellite Receiver
Tablets & Smartphones
Laptop
Computer
Document Camera
Annotator
Streaming Encoder
Switcher
Video Conference
Projector
Display
Monitor
Video Source Considerations
Analog Source Connections
VGA:• Desktop• Laptop• Document
Camera• Video
Conference
RCA –for composite audio & video:
• VCR/DVD Combo Player
Digital Source Connections
HDMI:• Laptop• Blu-ray• DVD• FlipCam• Cable Box
DisplayPort (and miniDP):
• Laptop• Desktop
DVI-D:• PC Desktop• Cable Box
Thunderbolt:• Desktop• Laptop
Digital Video Considerations
• Signal Integrity• Cable selection• Distance and image quality
• EDID – Extended Display Identification Data • Resolution• Color Space• Audio
• Content Encryption• HDCP – High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection
Signal Integrity – Testing
• Eye pattern • Measures overall
signal quality• Formed by repeated sampling of
a digital signal• Used to determine the likelihood
of bit errors
• Eye Mask• Identifies when bit errors occur• The signal touching the mask is
an indication of a bit error
Bit Errors Bit Errors
Signal Integrity – Cable Selection
• Distance and quality – how far is too far?• Cable quality – are all cables the same?• Connections – how many connection points?
Performance
Length Adapters
Cable Selection – Distance
• HDMI for shorter runs • CATx for longer runs
Typically under 50 feet Across the enterprise
Cable Selection – Image Quality
• Contributors to digital signal degradation• Cable attenuation - length/quality• Cable capacitance - length/quality• Impedance mismatch - connectors• Noise coupling - cabling/products• Crosstalk and jitter -cabling/environment
• Digital signal recovery is based on receiver’s ability to distinguish high and low transitions• Eye closes due to resistance and capacitance• Transitions widen due to reflections, noise, and
crosstalk• Result: bit errors
Digital System
Image Quality
• Image quality does not degrade like analog
No image
=
=
=
PixelizationVertical lines Colored dots
Too many bit errors
Bit errors
Good signal
Cliff Effect
Cable Considerations
• Cables can vary widely in performance• Adapters are useful but may affect signal quality
Damage caused by faulty HDMI connector
Twisted Pair Cable Advantages
• Twisted pair extenders can support a variety of signals for longer cable runs• Digital video
• Supports data rates up to 6.75 Gbps, Deep Color to 12-bit, 3D and HD lossless audio formats
• Digital audio• Bi-directional RS-232
control and IR• Ethernet• Remote power
Twisted Pair Transmission
• Cable Characteristics• Supports CATx cable• Solid conductor, shielded twisted pair cable with shielded connectors
should always be used• Skew-free cable should not be used with
video systems
Twisted Pair Cable Properties
• Twisted Pair Cable Construction• Multiple construction approaches exist within a
given category• Different conductor types and
gauge sizes• Different shielding techniques
• Stranded center conductor cabling should not be used
• Solid center conductors provide better conductivity due to more surface area
• Ensured performance over distance
Twisted Pair Cable Properties
• Shielded cable protects against outside interference• Air conditioning units• Power from adjacent cabling• Crosstalk from other cables or within the same cable• Radio interference from walkie-talkies
• Image quality symptoms of noisy environments• Image drop-out or flashing• No image at all
Twisted Pair Transmission
• Different types of twisted pair shielding
Cable Name Outer Shielding
IndividualPair Shielding
U/UTP None None
F/UTP Foil None
U/FTP None Foil
S/FTP Braided Foil
SF/UTP Braided & Foil None
CTS Twisted Pair Solution
Touchpanel
Control Processor
Twisted Pair Transmitter
Twisted Pair Receiver
CTS Twisted Pair Solution
Twisted Pair Switcher with Integrated TP Transmitter
Touchpanel
Full-Range Ceiling Speakers
Power AmplifierVolume Control Module
HDMI Scaling Receiver
Control Processor
Wireless Video Benefits
• Overcome architectural challenges• Historic building• Retrofit without coring/trenching concrete• Minimize quantity of floor boxes needed in flex spaces• Support rooms with movable furniture
Wireless Video Benefits
• Eliminate video artifacts that result from grounding issues• Temporary set-ups in collaborative spaces
Bandwidth Requirements
• Highest quality, low-latency digital video content requires very high data rates and high QOS—Quality of Service
• The greater the data rate, the greater the bandwidth required
Bandwidth Required by ResolutionResolution Pixel Clock 8-bit color 10-bit color
720p/1080i @ 60 Hz 74.25 MHz 2.23 Gbps 2.78 Gbps1080p/2K @ 60 Hz 148.5 MHz 4.46 Gbps 5.57 Gbps
Wireless Interface Frequency Band ComputingHardware Required
UncompressedVideo
AirPlay Wi-Fi Apple Products NoChromecast Wi-Fi PC, tablet, smartphone NoMiracast Wi-Fi PC, tablet, smartphone NoWiDi Wi-Fi Intel Products Yes
WiGig Wi-Fi,60 GHz PC, tablet, smartphone Yes
UWB 3.1 – 10.6 GHz None YesWHDI 5 GHz None YesWirelessHD 60 GHz None Yes
Proprietary Wireless Protocols
Performance Considerations
• Speed/Capacity• Bandwidth• Latency• Encoding• Decoding
• Range• Distance• Power Levels• Sensitivity• Frequency
• Robustness• Interference• Distortion• Signal-to-noise
performance• Multipath signals
Wireless Design Considerations
• What challenge are you solving?• Who are the users?
• Collaborative workflow among a team• Instructional setting
Wireless Design Considerations
• Is there a mandated device platform?• Unrestricted BYOD• Short list of approved devices (Choose Your Own Device)
• Is there existing wireless infrastructure?• Frequency and channel management• Segmented access
Wireless Design Considerations
• Coverage vs. Interference• Point to multi-point• Range of the device
Design Considerations
• Coverage vs. Interference• Multiple point-to-point systems
• Signals overlap• Use of multiple channels
• Remember the Z-axis
Design Considerations
• Coverage vs. Interference• Transmitters and receivers are actually transceivers
Design Considerations
• Coverage vs. Interference• More devices than channels
• Position groups to minimize impact
Measuring Wireless Activity
• Wireless site survey’s are used to identify:• Access point locations, data rate, signal strength, and
signal quality• The overall goal is to determine:
• The number and placement of access points that will provide adequate signal coverage and required throughput
Wireless Extension – Mobile Lectern in Flexible Space
Scaling Presentation SwitcherWireless HDMI
Transmitter
Wireless HDMI Receiver
Control Processor
Touchpanel
Wireless Collaboration System
Tabletop Touchpanel
Scaling Presentation Matrix Switcher
Surface Mount SpeakersLong Distance HDMI Receiver
Long Distance HDMI Receiver
Wireless Collaboration Gateway
3-input Switcher with
DTP Transmitter
2-input Switcher with DTP Transmitter
Adding Wireless BYOD to Existing System
• Combines the best of both approaches – wired and wireless
• VGA and HDMI video outputs provide flexibility
Contact Closure Remote
AC Power Controller
Wireless Collaboration Gateway
Media Presentation Switcher
Digital Signals – USB
• A standard for communication protocols that includes cables and connectors
• Historically used for attaching peripheral devices to computers
Digital Signals – USB
• Over the years speeds have increased and USB supports video and audio transfer• USB 2.0 - 480 Mbps• USB 3.0 - 5 Gbps
• Providing additional options for transporting video and audio
Digital Video Signals – TMDS
• Silicon Image developed TMDS for digital video transmission• A differential serial digital signal designed for high-speed serial
data transmission• TMDS is used by DVI and HDMI
Single-Link = up to 1920x1200@60 Dual-Link = up to 2560x1600@60
Digital Video Signals – DVI
• DVI is an uncompressed digital video signal• Developed by DDWG in 1999
• Designed for computer video• Using RGB color space
• Does not support the following:• Audio• InfoFrames• YCbCr color space
• HDCP support is optional
DVI – Connectors, Distance, Communication
Single-link Dual-link
Pins for Analog RGBHV signal
DVI-I (Integrated)
No pins for Analog RGBHV signal
DVI-D (Digital)
DVI specification does not define transmission distance• Cable performance has a direct bearing on distance
No ImageNo Image
EDID information is sent from the display to the PC• Required by DVI specifications
DigitalDigital
Digital Video Signals – HDMII
• HDMI is an uncompressed digital video signal• Designed for the consumer market
• Adds support for:• Audio – stereo and surround formats (PCM, Dolby, DTS)• YCbCr color space – optional• HDCP – optional but recommended• CEC – Consumer Electronic Control – optional• InfoFrames
HDMI – Connectors, Distance, Communication
Standard Mini Micro
Mini• Added in HDMI version 1.3Micro• Max resolution 1080p
HDMI
EDID information is sent from the display to the source• Required by HDMI specifications
DigitalDigital
HDMI specification does not define transmission distance• Cable performance has a direct bearing on distance
No ImageNo Image
HDMI and TMDS Bandwidth
• HDMI continues to release new version standards that increase Single-Link capabilities
HDMI Version Resolution Frame Rate Max Clock Color
Depth
1.0 - 1.2 1920x1200 60 165 MHz 24
1.3 - 1.4 2560x1600 60 340 MHz 48
2.0 4096x2160 60 600 MHz 48
HDMI/DVI Compatibility
• HDMI is backwards compatible with DVI• Outputs digital video only (no audio)
• Separate audio connection is needed• No CEC• Possible HDCP Issues?
HDMI Source Device DVI-D Receiver Device DVI-D Source Device HDMI Receiver Device
HDMI – Audio Support
• HDMI supports a complete range of audio formats• Compressed formats
• LPCM, Dolby, DTS
• Lossless formats• Dolby TrueHD and DTS Master Audio
• Some Blu-ray decks provide both digital audio (5.1 via EDID) and analog stereo audio• Audio is sent within the data island period
Digital Video Signals – DisplayPort
• Royalty-free uncompressed digital audio/video interconnect• Design as VGA replacement – connector and signal format• Utilizes micro-packet signal transmission
• Supports:• Audio – stereo and surround formats (LPCM, Dolby, DTS)• RGB and YCbCr color space• VGA, DVI, and HDMI – with adapter• HDCP• InfoFrames
DisplayPort – Connectors, Distance, Communication
Standard MDP
Standard• Optional latching connectorThunderbolt• Designed for Apple laptops
DisplayPort Mini DisplayPort
AKA Thunderbolt
DisplayPort does define a transmission distance• 15 meters minimum for 1080p 24bpp @60Hz
15 m 1080p
EDID information is sent from the display to the source• Required by DisplayPort specifications
DigitalDigital
DisplayPort - Interoperability
• DisplayPort “Dual-Mode” Standard• Supports DVI and HDMI Sink devices• Requires Type 1 adapter• Limited to Single Link specifications - 165 MHz
• 1080p @ 60 Hz 24-bit color
• DisplayPort Updated “Dual-Mode” Standard• Supports DVI and HDMI Sink devices• Requires Type 2 adapter• Latest specification supports HDMI 1.4 - 300 MHz
• 4K/UHD @ 30 Hz, 1080p @ 60 Hz deep color, 1080p 3D @ 60 Hz
DisplayPort Micro-packet Bandwidth
• DisplayPort continues to release new version standards that increase bandwidth capabilities
DisplayPort Version Resolution Frame
Rate Bandwidth Color Depth
1.0 - 1.1a 2560x2048 60 10.8 Gbps 24
1.2 4096x2160 60 21.6 Gbps 36
1.3 5120x2880 60 32.4 Gbps 36
DisplayPort – Version 1.3
• DisplayPort version 1.3 increases bandwidth for video to 25.92 Gbps• Adding support for new 5K monitors - 5120x2880
• Multi-Stream feature now supports two 4K/UHD displays from a single output
• HDMI 2.0, HDCP 2.2, and CEC are also supports in version 1.3• 4:2:0 is also added for 4K and 8K consumer television applications
EDID – Extended Display Identification Data
• Developed by VESA in 1996• Allows exchange of data between display and source device
• Communication occurs over specific pins – DDC• DDC – Display Data Channel
• DDC provides digital link between display and source• Supports bidirectional serial data• Required for plug-and-play compliance
DDC – Display Data Channel
• DDC is primarily used to carry configuration information (EDID) from the display to the source• DDC is used by VGA, DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort connectors
Pin 18 (+5 or +3.3V)• Powers display’s EDID circuitPin 15 (SCL)• Serial Clock• Synchronizes SDA dataPin 16 (SDA)• Bidirectional Serial Data• Transfers EDID data
+5V
SDASCL
EDID – Data
• EDID contains the following information:• Sink identity – device type, model number, etc.• Sink capability – video/audio
• Video timing parameters, color space, audio formats, etc.
• EDID also defines the data structure• Block 0 – 128 byte of hexadecimal data• Block 1 – additional 128 byte of hexadecimal data
• Block 1 was added in version 1.3
101101101
EDID – Sequence
• Power on PC or activate external graphics card• Computer requests EDID data from display• Display sends EDID data to computer• Computer attempts to match display parameters
Display’s EDID
+5V
Bidirectional Serial Data
Serial Data Clock
Supported Resolutions
• Displays have different native resolutions• Most ideal EDID configuration depends on requirements• Advisable to select EDID from pre-stored settings for each source
Input Output
Matrix Switcher
1080p
1080p
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
EDID Minder720p
720p
720p
EDID Minder720p
Laptop with HDMI
Blu-ray with HDMI
PC with DVI output
PC with DVI output
1024x768
1680x1050
1080P
1024x768
EDID and Audio Management
• Which audio format?• Analog or digital
• What is the audio signal path?• Separate or embedded
• Breakaway• Emergency announcements• Background music
• Surround sound or stereo?• Extract or embed
• Latency issues?
Interface Format Correction
HDCP
• HDCP is an encryption protocol applied at the digital interface –DVI, HDMI and DisplayPort
• Prevents unauthorized access to protected content• Implementation in DVI is optional
Sources• Computers• Blu-ray Player• CATV• STV
Sinks• Monitors• Projectors
Repeaters• Receivers• Switchers• DAs
HDCP Authorized
• Some sources will encrypt all content when connected to an HDCP compliant device
• Certain AV equipment does not support HDCP-encrypted content
Lecture Capture
Video Conference Broadcast Feed
Mac Book Pro
iPad
HDCP Challenges
• HDCP Authorized• Some sources, such as a Mac laptop or iPad, will encrypt ALL content
being output even if it does not require encryption• Keynote• Safari• Note• Numbers
HDCP Authorized
Input Output
HDCP compliantDisplay
HDCP Source
Non-HDCP Source
HDCP Sink
Non-HDCP Sink
Matrix Input Matrix Output
Non-HDCP compliantDisplay
Mac laptopThunderbolt to HDMI output
iPadHDMI output
Matrix Switcher
Video Processors
• Scaling continues to provide a bridge between AV source equipment and a variety of endpoint requirements
• Used to manage:• Resolution• Signal format• Aspect ratio• Image optimization• Switch speed• Content density via windowing• Cable management
iPad
Laptop
PC
Confidence Monitor
Codec
Video projector
Video Processors Applications
• Managing uncertainties• EDID or BYOD issues • Ensuring consistency and reliable operation• Delivering compatible signals
• Providing enhancements• Seamless switching• Windowing• Memory recall
AV System Disparities
• BYOD equipment• How do they respond to EDID?
EDID set to: - 1080p@60- RGB- 2-ch audio
Laptops in Mirror Mode:• Output resolution can depend on native panel resolution• Panel = 1366x768, EDID = 1080p• Laptop may output something in the middle
EDID
Resolution?
AV System Disparities
• BYOD equipment• How do they respond to EDID?
EDID set to: - 1024x768@60- RGB- 2-ch audio
Portable devices:• iPad may only output 1080p if audio is requested in EDID• Other devices may not offer/support requested resolution
EDID
Resolution?
AV System Solutions
• BYOD equipment• Resolution management
• Reformats signal for system requirements• Delivers consistent resolution to endpoints
1080p native
HDCP-Compliant Video Scaler
AV System Disparities
• Display’s native resolution versus other equipment• How to choose?
Max 720p
Native 1920x1200
Native 1080p
System EDID?
iPad
Confidence Monitor
Codec
Video projector
Media Player
Blu-ray
PC
Laptop
AV System Solutions
• Display’s native resolution versus other equipment• EDID and Resolution management
Scaled 720p
Scaled 1920x1200
iPad
• EDID Minder per input• Built-in scaling
Source resolution
Confidence Monitor
Codec
Video projector
Media Player
Blu-ray
PC
Laptop
Scaling Presentation Mixer with DTP Extension and Control Processor
AV System Solutions
• Resolution and switching management
Analog
Scaled 1920x1200
Analog
Digital
All sources are digitized and scaledto displays native resolution• Maintains consistent image
• Provides fast clean switch
Modular Digital Matrix Switcher
HDMI Scaling Receiver
Current and Future Technology Needs
• Flexibility and Scalability• Understand connectivity and infrastructure plan to allow for interoperability
and future-proofing• Ensure you specify systems and components that can stand the test of
time• Sources and displays may be refreshed in 3-5 years while infrastructure
may need to last 10-15 years
Reliability of Collaborative Systems
• No annual licenses• Incremental cost • Cost attributed to:
• Number of sources• Number of displays• Full matrix vs. 1 input per
table to route to main displays
• Size of signal management system
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Collaborative Spaces – Designing AV Solutions Recap
• A solid design strategy• Defines the application• Manages EDID effectively• Contains a solid understanding of connectivity
and infrastructure• Provides an efficient user
interface and operation• Considers future needs as
well as budgetary factors