Cold War Origins • Relations between the Soviet Union and U.S. broke down after WWII. • Beyond opposition against Nazi Germany, they had nothing in common. • Two Superpowers after WWII: USA and the Soviet Union. • 1945-1990: rivalry called the Cold War . • Political and ideological struggle between the US and the USSR that spread throughout the world. • Struggle that contained everything short of war.
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Cold War Origins Relations between the Soviet Union and U.S. broke down after WWII. Beyond opposition against Nazi Germany, they had nothing in common.
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Cold War Origins
• Relations between the Soviet Union and U.S. broke down after WWII.
• Beyond opposition against Nazi Germany, they had nothing in common.
• Two Superpowers after WWII: USA and the Soviet Union.
• 1945-1990: rivalry called the Cold War.• Political and ideological struggle between
the US and the USSR that spread throughout the world.
• Struggle that contained everything short of war.
Yalta Conference
• Yalta: Feb.1945: FDR, Stalin, and Churchill met.
1.The establishment of the United Nations
2.Division of Germany into four zones: France, Britain, Soviet Union and USA
3.Free elections allowed in the countries of Eastern Europe
4.Russia’s promise to join the war against Japan.
Iron Curtain
& Potsdam
• Eastern European countries became satellite nations of Soviet Union.
• Remember, Stalin promised free elections in these countries.
• Potsdam Conference: July, 1945: After Germany would be officially divided in half.
Germany After WWII
Containment
• If U.S. can keep communism from expanding, it would eventually fall apart.
• American policy of containment: keeping communism within its existing borders.
• Requires full commitment of U.S. economic, political and military power.
Containing Communism
• 1947: Greece and Turkey battle against communist revolutions.
• Congress gave $400 million.
• Truman Doctrine.
Marshall
Plan • European
Recovery Program.
• $13 billion to Western Europe.
• 2 MAIN motivating factors…
• Map of Germany divided into zones after WWII
Berlin Blockadeand Airlift
•By 1948: West Germany prospered.• Stalin fears… •Blocked traffic from West Germany to West Berlin.•Berlin Airlift.
Alliances• 1949: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
• Warsaw Pact.
The Korean War 1950-1953• Civil War in China
since 1920’s…• Nationalists: Chiang
Kai-shek.• Communists: Mao
Zedong.• Civil War continued
after WWII.• U.S. sent billions to
help Nationalists before and after WWII.
• B1949, Communists captured capital city Beijing.
• Mao Zedong established communist People’s Republic of China in 1949.
• Containment failed in China.
APUSHMarch 17, 2015
1. Reminders…2. Unit 8 Exam Changed to
March 303. Ch. 26 Quiz: Tomorrow4. Ch. 27 Quiz: Fri. 3/205. Ch. 28 Quiz: Wed. 3/256. Ch. 29 Quiz: Fri. 3/277. Finish the Korean War8. Crash CourseVideo : Korean War
The Korean War 1950-1953
• Japan occupied Korea before and during WWII.
• After WWII, Allies divide Korea at 38th parallel.
• Soviet Union controlled the North; U.S. controlled the South.
• Communist government in North Korea led by Kim-il Sung.
• Anti-Communist government in South Korea: Syngman Rhee.
• North Korea built large military with help from the Soviet Union.
• North Korea capital city: Pyongyang.
• South Korea capital city: Seoul.
• June, 1950: North Korea invaded South Korea.
The Korean War 1950-1953• Truman ordered U.S. military into action (led UN coalition)• Douglas MacArthur• North Korean military drove American and South Korean
forces to Pusan.• Americans fought hard trapped at Pusan Perimeter until
reinforcements arrived.• Sept., 1950: MacArthur ordered surprise invasion at
Inchon.• North Koreans forced to retreat back across 38th parallel.• MacArthur and Americans soon pushed North Koreans to
Yalu River; border with China.
The Korean War 1950-1953• Nov. 1950: China launched attack across Yalu River.
• Hundreds of thousands of Chinese drove American and UN forces back across 38th parallel.
• Truman begins talks of peace settlement.• Angers MacArthur: didn’t want to “cut a deal” after
so many of his men were killed.• April, 1951: Truman fired MacArthur:
insubordination.• Truman favored limited war: fought with objective
of containing communism.• Aug.1951- US and UN forces pushed Chinese and
North Koreans back across 38th parallel.• War settled down and became stalemate with little
fighting for next two years.• July, 1953: Armistice (cease fire) signed.• Over 35,000 Americans died in battle.• 1.5 million Chinese and North Koreans killed.
APUSHMarch 23, 2015
1. Unit 8 Exam is Monday, March 30
2. Ch. 28 Quiz: Wed. 3/253. Ch. 29 Quiz: Fri. 3/274. Notes: Begin the 1960’s5. Video Clip: the 1960’s