Cold War - Mario G. Valadez Instructor of History - Home · •Cold War –What are the origins of the war? –What is McCarthyism? ... – influenced by the Heartland Theory 1904

Today’s Topics • Cold War

– What are the origins of the war?

– What is McCarthyism? – How did the fight against communism influence the

building of Dodger’ stadium in Los Angeles?

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• End of War II 1945 – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpYCplyBknI

• Planning the Postwar World

– Potsdam Conference

• Bretton Woods, New Hampshire

– The World Bank

– The International Monetary Fund

• The United Nations

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– World War II produced a radical redistribution of world power.

– Atlantic Charter

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Origins of the Cold War

– The only power that could rival the United States was the Soviet Union.

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• The Cold War • 1st confrontation took place in?

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• The Roots of Containment

– George Kennan’s telegram

• Containment 1946 – influenced by the Heartland Theory 1904

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Heartland Theory 1904

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• The Truman Doctrine

– Truman determined to put the policy of containment into effect.

– Backing for Greece and Turkey

– CIA 1947

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• The Marshall Plan

– A pledged to contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe.

– One of the most successful foreign aid programs in history.

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Bales of American cotton in a warehouse at the

French port of Le Havre, 1949

• The Marshall Plan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf0axpYS6CA

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• The Reconstruction of Japan

– General Douglas MacArthur, the “supreme commander” in Japan until 1948, Japan adopted a new, democratic constitution.

– http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/0720/Mitsubishi-apologizes-for-using-American-WWII-POWs-as-forced-labor

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• The Berlin Blockade

– Soviets cut off road and rail traffic to Berlin. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9kX6ZkiGuE&feature=related

– In 1949, the Soviet Union obtain an atomic bomb.

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• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

– NATO pledged mutual defense against any future Soviet attack.

• Warsaw Pact

– Alliance between the Soviets and eastern Europe

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– Mao Zedong & Communists control China in 1949.

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NSC 68 and the Ideological Cold War 1950 p.216

• Discuss the following questions

• Why does NSC 68 view the Soviet Union as different from other great powers?

• What does NSC 68 commit the U.S. to?

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– the National Security Council approved a call for a permanent military buildup to enable the United States to pursue a global crusade against communism.

– NSC-68 increase in military spending

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• The Korean War 1950-1953

– Armistice agree restores prewar status quo. – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y44Y5-EL99Q

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• The Truman Presidency

– Executive Order 9981

• 1948 Desegregates the military

• The Brooklyn Dodgers added Jackie Robinson to their team in 1947.

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• Imperialism and Decolonization

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• The Cultural Cold War

– battle for the “hearts and minds” of people throughout the world.

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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWbIJC57rk0

• Totalitarianism

– Origin WWII

– Used to describe Germany & Italy

• U.S. in 1954 includes “Under God” to the pledge allegiance.

• 1956 in currency

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McCarthyism

– Campaign to rid the of U.S. of communist infiltrators

• Loyalty and Disloyalty

– HUAC hearings against Hollywood 10 began in 1947.

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Salt of the Earth 1954

• http://www.archive.org/details/clacinonl_SaltOfTheEarth

• Why do you think this movie was banned?

McCarthy and McCarthyism

– McCarthyism - part 2/5

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbonUljQn5Q&list=PLq95VLi-iLAUYjAqsNji4lEpMmqWLWG15

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• Anticommunist Politics

– The McCarran Internal Security Bill of 1950

– The McCarran-Walter Act of 1952

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Figure 24.1 Real Gross Domestic Product Per

Capita, 1790–2000 27

The Golden Age 1950-1973 • A Changing Economy

– Since the 1950s the American economy has shifted away from manufacturing.

– USA economy 1950s – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mctiO5FWWWI

– 9 mins

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• A Suburban Nation

– The main engines of economic growth: residential construction & spending on consumer goods.

– Home ownership came within reach of the majority of Americans.

• Levittown

– California became the most prominent symbol of the postwar suburban boom.

29 $7,990 or $60/month with $100 downpayment.

An aerial view of Westchester, a community

in Los Angeles 30

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Ernst Haas’s 1969 photograph of Albuquerque,

New Mexico 32

Map 24.1 The Interstate Highway System 33

The Culture of the Car

First McDonald’s (1955)

Drive-In Movies

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• The TV World

– TV avoided controversy and projected a bland image of middle-class life.

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Suburban Living: The Typical TV Suburban

Families The Donna Reed Show 1958-1966

Leave It to Beaver 1957-1963

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

JPnG1-CbkYM

Father Knows Best 1954-1958

The Ozzie & Harriet Show 1952-1966

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-qk4FMTkKo

Consumerism

The frozen TV dinner was introduced

and marketed in 1954.

– Women were expected to get married, have kids, and stay at home.

• Baby boom

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• A Segregated Landscape

– The suburbs remained segregated communities.

– This restriction appeared in a deed of the Crawford Realty Company in the office of the Register of Deeds for Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, Ohio.

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The Eisenhower Era • Eisenhower and Nixon

• The 1952 Campaign

– This campaign illustrated the importance of TV in politics.

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9RAxAgksSE&feature=related

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• Ike and the Russians

– Khrushchev’s call for “peaceful coexistence”.

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• Origins of the Vietnam War

– Anticommunism led the United States into deeper involvement in Vietnam.

– A peace conference in Geneva temporarily divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel.

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j73zDe1jxl4&feature=related 10mins

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The emergence of a popular culture suggested that significant generational tensions lay beneath the bland surface of 1950s life.

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• Rock-and-Roll (1950s)

• Origins in rhythm & blues, country, & Jazz

• Elvis Presley

• Heartbreak Hotel 1956 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PotB76gi2_4

• The Beats

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su75_

mcryO4

• Origins of the Movement

– In the 1950s the United States was still a segregated and unequal society.

A segregated school

in West Memphis

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Segregated Schools

• Mendez v. Westminster School District 1946

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• The Legal Assault on Segregation

– legal challenges to the “Separate but Equal” in

• 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson.

–Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas • Segregated schools violated the equal protections of

the law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlYPMlHl-88

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• The Montgomery Bus Boycott

– Brown ensured that it would have the backing of the federal courts.

• Rosa Parks

• Bus boycott

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– The Montgomery Bus Boycott marked a turning point in postwar American history.

• Martin Luther King Jr. as the movement’s national symbol.

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Martin Luther King Jr. Letter from a Birmingham Jail 1963 p.268-271

• Who is the author?

• When this document written?

• Who is the targeted audience?

• Why is he writing this letter?

• Why does Martin Luther King Jr. believe that moderates are a greater obstacle to the movement’s success than outright racists?

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Mississippi Burning

• How does the film depict the dangers of joining the Civil Rights Movement in the South?

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